Objectives List different types of blood vessels Describe the different structures of blood vessels List properties of the lymph and tissue fluid

1. Blood Vessels and Lymph fluid
Jorge Melo

2. Recap- blood
 lets play taboo
Groups of two
One facing the whiteboard
Other facing the Audience

3. Blood Plasma

4. Phagocytosis
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO MENTION WHITE
BLOOD CELLS, LEUKOCYTES AND
LYMPHOCYTES

5. Biconcave shape
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED
TO MENTION RED BLOOD
CELLS

6. Blood
You are not allowed to mention
Red Blood Cells and White
Blood cells

7. leucocytes
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED
TO MENTION RED WHITE
BLOOD CELLS

8. Erythrocyte
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO
MENTION RED BLOOD CELLS

9. Anaemia

10. clotting

11. Haemophilia

12. Leukaemia

13. Haemoglobin
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED
TO MENTION RED
BLOOD CELLS

14. Lymphocytes
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO
MENTION WHITE BLOOD
CELLS

15. Platelets

16. Aim: Explore the structures and functions
of blood vessels
 Objectives
 List different types of blood vessels
 Describe the different structures of blood vessels
 List properties of the lymph and tissue fluid

17. Introduction
 Cardiovascular system
 The heart
 The blood vessels
 Double circulation

18. Double circulatory system
 For each circuit- blood passes through the hear twice
 Blood
 Heart ( Pressure)
 Lungs (capillaries)( Pressure)
 Heart ( Pressure)
 Body

19. Single circulation
 Chambered heart

20.  Organs arranged in parallel
rather in series
 If it was in series
 blood would loose
pressure, oxygen and
nutrients
 Any damage, would
interrupt the whole
circulation

21. Portal vessel
 Blood vessel which links
2 organs (neither the
heart)
 Liver and gut linked in
series
 Advantage: Liver acts as
a filter to maintain
relatively constant
composition

22. Blood Vessels
 Intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport
blood throughout the entire body.
 Types of Blood Vessels:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

23. Arteries
 Arteries are elastic vessels that transport blood away
from the heart.
 Thick muscle layer – control the flow of blood
 No valves
 2 types: pulmonary (lungs) and systemic

24. Arteries

25. Where do we find them?
 Near the heart
 Large
 Carotids
 Subclavian
 Far away from the
heart
 More smooth
muscle
 Similar structure

26. Arterioles
 From the arteries
 Blood enters in arterioles
 Only endothelium
wrapped round by a few
muscles fibres

27. Sphincters
 Circular muscle fibres
 Prevent blood from flowing into the capillaries
 Regulation

28. Capillaries
 Extremely small
 Blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, that transports
blood from arteries to veins
 Most abundant in tissues and organs that are metabolically active.
 Muscle tissues and the kidneys have a greater amount of capillary
networks than do connective tissues.

29. Capillaries

30. Structure of Capillaries
 No muscle
 No elastic
 No valves
 Thin layer of cells only
 4- 10 um diameter
 Blood flow 1 mm/sec

31. Venules
 Blood from capillaries drains into the
venules
 Walls: thin layer of collagen fibres
 Tough
 Inelastic

32. Veins
 A vein is an elastic blood vessel that transports blood
from various regions of the body to the heart.
 Thin muscle layer
 Valves
 4 main types: pulmonary, systemic, superficial, and
deep veins.

33. Veins

35. Semi-lunar Valves
 The blood has
enough pressure to
force the valves open
as it flows towards
the heart.
 Backflow of blood
causes the valves to
close.

36. ARTERY Vein
Thick muscle layer Thin muscle layer
Thick elastic layer Thin elastic layer
No valves Valves
Capillary
No muscle
No elastic
No valves
Thin layer of cells only

38. Recap

39. Tissue fluid
 When blood passes through the capillaries
 Capillaries work as a net
 So it retains:
 RBCs
 Platelets
 Plasma proteins
 Water liquid which resembles plasma minus its
proteins

40. Tissue fluid

41. Lymph
 Not all of the tissue fluid returns to the blood capillary.
 About one-tenth of it enters a separate system of capillaries
called the lymph capillaries.
 These are part of the lymph system.
 Lymph capillaries have tiny valves that allow the tissue fluid to
enter but will not let it out again.
 Once inside the lymph system, the tissue fluid is called lymph.

43. Lymph
 What is the difference between tissue fluid and lymph?
 They both consist of plasma minus the large plasma
proteins.
 But it is largely a matter of where they are found.
 Tissue fluid surrounds the tissue.

44. Lymph
 Lymph is found only in the lymph system.
 Is a milky looking fluid.
 The tiny lymph capillaries join up to form lymph vessels.
 These have a structure very similar to veins.
 They have thin walls and semi-lunar valves.
 The flow of lymph is very slow.

45. Lymph
 It relies upon pressure from nearby muscles, the action
of valves and the negative pressure in the chest when
we breathe in.
 Unlike blood, lymph is transported in one direction
only.
 From tissues towards the heart.

46. Lymph
 The smaller lymph vessels join up to form two large
lymph vessels.
 These empty the lymph into the subclavian veins,
under the collar bone.
 Here the lymph mixes with the blood before joining
the vena cava just before it enters the heart.

48. Lymph
 It contains fats absorbed by the lymph capillaries in the villi of
the small intestine.
 These lymph capillaries are called lacteals.
 The wall of lymph vessels are more permeable than the walls of
blood capillaries, so large molecules such as fats can pass
through them.
 At intervals along the length of the lymph vessels are structures
called lymph nodes, these have an important part to play in the
bodies defence system.

49. Lymph
 This is where lymphocytes are produced.
 They have an important role to play in producing
antibodies.
 Lymphocytes are released from the lymph nodes and find
their way into the blood.
 The lymph nodes often swell up of you have an infection.

51. Lymph

52. Quiz
1. What are the different types of blood vessels?
2. Which ones come away from the heart?
3. Which ones go to the heart?
4. Which type of vessel can you feel the pulse in?
5. What is the name of the vessel that you feel the
pulse in in your wrist?

53. Answers
1. What are the different types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
2. Which ones come away from the heart?
Arteries
3. Which ones go to the heart?
Veins
4. Which type of vessel can you feel the pulse in?
Arteries
5. What is the name of the vessel that you feel the
pulse in in your wrist?
Radial (Artery)

55. Have a look at this…
 http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/eliot/technology/les
sons/cir_sys/index.htm