The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and help transport eggs and sperm, while a total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy surgically removes the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual periods for one year due to decreased estrogen production, typically occurring in women between ages 45-55.

1. Jori Lambert
Biology 120
Prof. Abdullah

2. 1. The tubes that extend from the outer
edges of the uterus and assist in
transporting the ova and sperm are called
fallopian tubes.
2. One of the longest terms used in medical
terminology refers to the removal of the
uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian
tubes. This term is total abdominal
hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-
oophorectomy.
3. The cessation of menstruation is called
menopause.

3. •Fallopiantubes are two thin tubes
that connect the ovaries to the
uterus.
•Two cellular components of
fallopian tubes:
1. Ciliated(yellow in adjacent
image) responsible for
movement/transportation of
ova towards uterus from ovary.
2. Secretory(orange in adjacent Scanning electron microscope image of
image) provides moist, nutrient- fallopian tube components.
filled environment for the ovum
and has microvilli.

4. 1. Infundibulum-”funnel”
distal end including
fimbriae-projections that
engulf the ovary. Fimbriae
are responsible for
capturing ovum and pushing
it into ampulla.
2. Ampulla-longest and widest
portion. Location of
fertilization of ovum
3. Isthmus-narrow part of tube
that exits uterus, sperm
reservoir
4. Intramural/interstitial
segment-uterine-tubal
junction

5. •Surgicalremoval takes
place through abdominal
cavity.
•Two surgical components:
1. TAH-Total abdominal
hysterectomy. The
removal of uterus and
cervix.
2. BSO-Bilateral salpingo-
oophorectomy. The
removal of fallopian
tubes and ovaries.

6. • Removing these organs is
due to the possibility or
diagnosis of uterine cancer.
• Risk for metastases
forming in the ovaries and
tubes so they are removed
as a precautionary measure.
• Surgeon will also explore
general abdominal viscera
for evidence of cancerous
tissue. Biopsies may be
taken.

7. • Hospital stay:3- 5 days
• Recovery period: 3-4 weeks.
• The removed organs are
approximately the size of hand
and are inferior to the small
intestines. Once surgery occurs,
the intestines will drop down to
fill the space.(image on left)
• Loss of menstruation and
ovarian hormone production.
• Premature menopause

8. •The cessation of menstrual periods
for one continuous year in women
due to the lack of ovarian hormone
production-estrogen and
progesterone.
•Surgicalmenopause is when medical
treatment such as chemotherapy or
ovary removal results in depressed
estrogen levels.
•Awoman who goes through
menopause is no longer able to
become pregnant.

9. •Typicallyhappens to women between
ages of 45 and 65.
•Symptoms include:
• Hot flashes
• Mood swings
• Increased risk of osteoporosis
• Insomnia
• Elevated risk of urinary tract infection
• Natural process that does not
require treatment unless desired.
• Preventative & Symptomatic
treatments:
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Dietary changes/supplemental vitamins
to provide calcium, &vitamin D for bone
health.
• Frequent exercise
• Increased testing by gynecologist-
e.g.Pap smears Signs & Symptoms of Menopause

10. A.D.A.M.
http://www.adam.com/
Medscape "Fallopian Tube Disorders," Tarek Bardawil, MD,MBA
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/275463-overview
PubMedHealth
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001896/
The North American Menopause Society
http://www.menopause.org/
womenshealth.gov: A project of the US Dept. of HHS Office on Women's
Health
http://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/
Atlas of Pelvic Surgery
http://www.atlasofpelvicsurgery.com/5Uterus/10TotalAbdominalHysterect
omy/chap5sec10.html
http://www.hamiltonhealthsciences.ca/documents/Patient%20Education/
TotalAbdomHysterBilateralSalpingoPelvicNodeDissection-th.pdf