3. SuperComputing 95
Teraflop Challenge
1996, $100 million
2001, $1,000,000
2011, $1000
2021, $1
The Future of Computers 1996
Robert A. Freitas Jr., Research Scientist, Zyvex Corp.
10. EV-DO data travels over the network at typical speeds of 300
to 500 kilobits per second. EV-DO can theoretically hit data
transmission rates of 2.4 megabits per second.
http://www.ipma-wa.com/exec_sem/2005/bruno.ppt#14
19. Integrates
sensors, batteries,
a control chip, and
an RF transmitter
in a 35mm-long
housing.
Lab-in-a-Pill
http://www.olympus.co.jp/en/news/2004b/nr041130capsle.cfm
University of Glasgow
Capsule
Endoscope
Examine the lining of the middle part of your gastrointestinal tract, which includes the three
portions of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum).
20. “Dentist and engineer partner in Israel.”
MIT Technology Review, January, 2005
New
H2M
Relations
21. MIT Tech Review, 2005
Sensors
Physical
Chemical
Biological
http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/events/bbl/03102801.pdf , page 16
Actuators
Physical
Chemical
Biological
PhiloMetron™
22. MIT Tech Review, 2005
This is a ROBOT
http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/events/bbl/03102801.pdf , page 16
23. “Robots at same
stage as 1978 PCs.”
--Baylor University,
Carbonara and Korpi
Machine Actors
v
v
24. www.kurzweilai.net/.../ SIN_headshot_highres.html
“An analysis of the
history of technology
shows that
technological change is
exponential, contrary to
the common-sense
‘intuitive linear’ view. So
we won't experience
100 years of progress
in the 21st century -- it
will be more like 20,000
years of progress (at
today's rate)… because
we're doubling the rate
of progress every
decade, we'll see a
century of progress--at
today's rate--in only 25
calendar years.”
Kurzweil, KurzweilAI.net, March 7, 2001.
26. • What forces are driving this pace of
innovation?
• How are Texas competitors and Texas
organizing to create innovation, wealth
and human capital?
40. Adapted from Charles Ostman
Senior Fellow
Institute for Global Futures
NEURO NANO
BIOINFO
41. Adapted from Charles Ostman
Senior Fellow
Institute for Global Futures
NEURO NANO
BIOINFO
S&T Convergence
42. Micro-robotics team and biologists at Tsukuba University
Source: The Guardian
Date: 2 May 2002
State University of New York (Suny)
Biotronics
"Go go gadget: With a
remote control sensor
hotwired to its central
nervous system,
developments like the
"roborat," created at
SUNY's Downstate
Medical Center, herald
the coming of the
biotronic age.
43. Richard E. Smalley, Robert Curl
and Harold Kroto won 1996 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for the discovery
of a structure of carbon atoms
known as a “buckyball”.
http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/PR_display.asp?prID=04-85
Nano
47. Technical applications of biological molecules
including protein-based materials, DNA-based
materials, biomineralization, cellular systems
and bioelectronics.
http://www.nanobionics3.de/
NanoBionics
48. • What forces are driving this pace of
innovation?
• How are Texas competitors and Texas
organizing to create innovation, wealth
and human capital?
49. Texas Industry Cluster
Initiative - Strategic
Plan
1. Advanced
Technologies and
Manufacturing
2. Aerospace and
Defense
3. Biotechnology and
Life Sciences
4. Information and
Computer Technology
5. Energy
6. Petroleum Refining
and Chemical
Products
“This cluster initiative is important because for the
first time in the history of this state, we will have a
coordinated, market-driven economic development
strategy that focuses on areas where we have the
greatest growth potential and focuses on fostering
that potential.” Governor Rick Perry
50. Texas Industry Cluster Initiative
Strategic Plan
To launch this initiative, the Office of the
Governor, Economic Development and
Tourism division and the Texas Workforce
Commission (TWC) are forming state and
regional partnerships to foster growth and
development in the six target clusters. This
initiative also will lead the development of
industry-based strategies for [job]
recruitment [and workforce expansion within
the state].
51. Houston
• Energy
• Refining and Chemicals
• BioTech
• Advanced Manufacturing
• Information Technology
• Aerospace and Defense
D / FW
• Energy
• BioTech
• Advanced Manufacturing
• Information Technology
• Aerospace and Defense
San Antonio
• Energy
• BioTech
• Information Technology
• Aerospace and Defense Corpus Christi
• Energy
• Refining and
Chemicals
Beaumont
• Refining and Chemicals
El Paso
• Information
Technology
Midland
• Energy
Tyler
• Advanced
Manufacturing
Rio Grande Valley
• Advanced Manufacturing
• Aerospace and Defense
Lubbock
• Biotechnology
Austin
• Biotechnology
• Advanced
Manufacturing
• Information
Technology
Progress – Regional Forums – 700 Stakeholders
57. Finnish people have a high standard of
education. All children receive
compulsory basic education between the
ages of 7 and 16. Education beyond the
age of 16 is voluntary, taking the form of
either a three to four-year course in
upper secondary school or 2 to 5 years
at a vocational school.
Finnish higher education consists of two
sectors: universities and polytechnics.
There are 20 universities and 29
polytechnics in the country. Nearly 60
per cent of the population have
completed post-primary education and
13 per cent have a university degree or
comparable qualification.
ORGANIZE for INNOVATION: In recent
years there has been national focus on
research and product development, with
special emphasis on information
technology.
58. transitioning from a manufacturing to
an innovation economy
http://mit.edu/cre/research/ncc/proceedings/ncc-casestudies.pdf
59. e-Korea Vision 2006 also set the
following basic directions:
· From Quantitative Expansion to
Qualitative Accomplishments such as
the increase in productivity through
legal and institutional reforms and
innovations in business processes
throughout society…Social
transformation not just technical.
· From Creation of new industries led
by the government to Foundation for
new industries. The government’s
new role is to focus on the enabling
environment and the private sector
will be developing new independent
and creative industries… Bottom up
and top down organization for
innovation.
· From Catch-up Strategy to Leading
Strategy - To strengthen
competitiveness in IT, the government
will increase leading investments in
core technologies and strategic
services which have the potential to
produce significant added value in the
future. Innovation leader….
http://www.apdip.net/projects/2003/asian-forum/docs/papers/comparative.pdf
60. Convergence Technopolei
• Geographic “super clusters”. In US it’s MSA.
Foreign programs are regional or national.
• Organizing education and other institutions to
cultivate innovation.
• Networking urban-to-rural, industry-to-industry,
industry to market and discipline-to-discipline
across geography.
• STEM plus ART/Design to create brands
• Human and Intellectual Capital Strategy based
on S&T convergence and living laboratories.
61. Leadership in innovation is critical
to Texas' success in the global
economy.
We must support the creation of
new companies, new technologies,
new products, new services, and
new jobs.
62. Business Climate, Workforce, Education & Outreach
• Business Climate will do a scan based on what site
selectors look for in recommending the state of Texas as
a location to locate or expand business.
• Workforce will focus on the identification of skill
requirements of cluster industries.
• Education will focus on supporting initiatives to increase
rigor and relevance in STEM and to align the skill
requirements of the cluster industries to help students
meet education and career objectives.
• Outreach will rally widespread public support,
understanding and action to facilitate Texas becoming
world class in one or more of the targeted clusters.
64. Kaki Leyens in the Office of
Employer Initiatives at the Texas
Workforce Commission is the
primary liaison to education. If you
are interested in forming
partnerships with industries to
support your students, please leave
a card, and I will pass them on to
Kaki.
65. • What forces are driving this pace of
innovation?
• How are Texas competitors and Texas
organizing to create innovation, wealth
and human capital?
66. To learn more about
workforce, education
and millennial
learning strategies,
please attend Part 2
and hear from guest
speaker Michael
Bettersworth, TSTC.
67. SuperComputing 95
Teraflop Challenge
1996, $100 million
2001, $1,000,000
2011, $1000
2021, $1
The Future of Computers 1996
Robert A. Freitas Jr., Research Scientist, Zyvex Corp.
68. TRACTOR BEAMS
FORCE FIELDS
SUPERHERO SUIT
PHASERS
REPLICATORS
IMMORTALITY
INVISIBILITY
TELEPORTATION
THE HOLODECK
The Future of Computers 1996
Robert A. Freitas Jr., Research Scientist, Zyvex Corp.
69. Future Warrior Exhibits Super Powers
By Phil Copeland
American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, July 27, 2004
"Warrior Physiological Status
Monitoring System gives the
soldier's body core
temperature, skin
temperature, heart rate,
whether the soldier is standing
or prone, and how much water
the soldier has drunk…" DeGay
said. The uniform from the waist
down will have a robotic-
powered system that is
connected directly to the soldier.
This system could use pistons to
actually replicate the lower body,
giving the soldier "upwards of
about 300 percent greater
lifting and load-carriage
capability," DeGay said. "We
are looking at potentially
mounting a weapon directly to
the uniform system and now the
soldier becomes a walking
gun platform."
The Future of Computers
http://www.rfreitas.com/Nano/TheFutureOfComputers--Analog--March1996.htm (c) 1996 Robert A. Freitas Jr.Research ScientistZyvex Corp. Citation: Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Future of Computers,” Analog 116(March 1996):57-73.
Cooper first cellular mobile phone in 1973
In simple terms, Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors that can be packed on an integrated electronic circuit doubles approximately every 2 years
(ftp://download.intel.com/research/silicon/moorespaper.pdf
) enabling a size: price: performance ratio of smaller, cheaper and more powerful micro electronics. Law of Disruption states that “social, political, and economic systems change incrementally, but technology changes exponentially
Metcalfe’s Law Value of a network increases proportionally with the square of the number of connections
Cooper first cellular mobile phone in 1973
In simple terms, Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors that can be packed on an integrated electronic circuit doubles approximately every 2 years
(ftp://download.intel.com/research/silicon/moorespaper.pdf
) enabling a size: price: performance ratio of smaller, cheaper and more powerful micro electronics. Law of Disruption states that “social, political, and economic systems change incrementally, but technology changes exponentially
Metcalfe’s Law Value of a network increases proportionally with the square of the number of connections
The goal of the Smart Dust project is to build a self-contained, millimeter-scale sensing and communication platform for a massively distributed sensor network. This device will be around the size of a grain of sand and will contain sensors, computational ability, bi-directional wireless communications, and a power supply, while being inexpensive enough to deploy by the hundreds. The science and engineering goal of the project is to build a complete, complex system in a tiny volume using state-of-the art technologies (as opposed to futuristic technologies), which will require evolutionary and revolutionary advances in integration, miniaturization, and energy management. We forsee many applications for this technology:
Weather/seismological monitoring on Mars
Internal spacecraft monitoring
Land/space comm. networks
Chemical/biological sensors
Weapons stockpile monitoring
Defense-related sensor networks
Inventory Control
Product quality monitoring
Smart office spaces
Sports - sailing, balls
For more information, see the main Smart Dust page at http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust and read our publications (see navigation button above).
Brief description of the operation of the mote:
The Smart Dust mote is run by a microcontroller that not only determines the tasks performed by the mote, but controls power to the various components of the system to conserve energy. Periodically the microcontroller gets a reading from one of the sensors, which measure one of a number of physical or chemical stimuli such as temperature, ambient light, vibration, acceleration, or air pressure, processes the data, and stores it in memory. It also occasionally turns on the optical receiver to see if anyone is trying to communicate with it. This communication may include new programs or messages from other motes. In response to a message or upon its own initiative the microcontroller will use the corner cube retroreflector or laser to transmit sensor data or a message to a base station or another mote.
Longer description of the operation of the mote:
The primary constraint in the design of the Smart Dust motes is volume, which in turn puts a severe constraint on energy since we do not have much room for batteries or large solar cells. Thus, the motes must operate efficiently and conserve energy whenever possible. Most of the time, the majority of the mote is powered off with only a clock and a few timers running. When a timer expires, it powers up a part of the mote to carry out a job, then powers off. A few of the timers control the sensors that measure one of a number of physical or chemical stimuli such as temperature, ambient light, vibration, acceleration, or air pressure. When one of these timers expires, it powers up the corresponding sensor, takes a sample, and converts it to a digital word. If the data is interesting, it may either be stored directly in the SRAM or the microcontroller is powered up to perform more complex operations with it. When this task is complete, everything is again powered down and the timer begins counting again.
Another timer controls the receiver. When that timer expires, the receiver powers up and looks for an incoming packet. If it doesn't see one after a certain length of time, it is powered down again. The mote can receive several types of packets, including ones that are new program code that is stored in the program memory. This allows the user to change the behavior of the mote remotely. Packets may also include messages from the base station or other motes. When one of these is received, the microcontroller is powered up and used to interpret the contents of the message. The message may tell the mote to do something in particular, or it may be a message that is just being passed from one mote to another on its way to a particular destination. In response to a message or to another timer expiring, the microcontroller will assemble a packet containing sensor data or a message and transmit it using either the corner cube retroreflector or the laser diode, depending on which it has. The corner cube retroreflector transmits information just by moving a mirror and thus changing the reflection of a laser beam from the base station. This technique is substantially more energy efficient than actually generating some radiation. With the laser diode and a set of beam scanning mirrors, we can transmit data in any direction desired, allowing the mote to communicate with other Smart Dust motes.
M2M is a category of Information and Computing Technology (ICT) that combines network, computer, software, sensor and power technologies to enable remote human and machine interaction with physical, chemical and biological systems and processes. M2M has many synonyms including “pervasive computing”, “hidden computing”, “invisible computing” and “ubiquitous computing.”
Reach out and touch someone or squeeze someone or…An accelerometer on the wrist-worn device allows rough detection of hand orientation, gesture measurement, and tapping. In the near future researchers will examine simple activity detection as well, such as sitting, walking, and standing.
As in the bus stop example, a person wearing the device can sense simple touching. This sensation is enabled through force-sensing resistors that provide pressure detection over a high-resolution surface array on the top of the device.
A person can also detect rich signals sent from a partner whirling a finger along the surface of his or her device. Researchers provided this effect by time stamping the sensed data.
Motes, such as the one amongst the candy corn above, are at the heart of several Intel research projects.
Not only might a wearer experience the simulated touch of a friend, she might also feel the device grow warm to her skin. Using a Peltier Junction, the device can create a subtle heating or cooling on the wearer’s skin.
“The mapping between the inputs and outputs of paired devices is not literal,” says Paulos. “This is an important part of the design. In the same way people developed a language of numbers around early pagers when they sent messages we believe a similar vocabulary will emerge around physical cues.”
For example, to some wearers a gentle warming on the skin might convey a message of friendship. Others might choose to send good vibes by…well by sending good vibes, literally. Intel researchers used simple flat pancake vibration motors to cause wearers to easily and privately feel vibrations though skin contact. Various vibration patterns and duty cycles provide a number of output possibilities for the device.
And for those times when good vibes just aren’t enough, a wearer of the device can send the equivalent of a wireless handhold, an electronic squeeze.
Through the use of Flexinol, a user can feel a little squeeze that mimics the grasp of a hand as the filament in the wrist-worn device contracts when electrically powered. Flexinol is a simple variant of Nitinol, which is often used in robotic applications and commonly referred to as “muscle wire” for its ability to exert force and return to its original shape.
For all the pleasant thoughts and human analogies there may be a dark side to this device. “Imagine someone incessantly tapping, tapping, tapping. You’d probably feel really annoyed,” says Paulos. “It could be your friend trying to get in touch with you. Or perhaps you’re on the receiving end of a lovers’ quarrel.”
“Yea,” says Paulos, “there is an eerie side to this device. I don’t think anyone want to know what spam feels like.”
M2M is a category of Information and Computing Technology (ICT) that combines network, computer, software, sensor and power technologies to enable remote human and machine interaction with physical, chemical and biological systems and processes. M2M has many synonyms including “pervasive computing”, “hidden computing”, “invisible computing” and “ubiquitous computing.”
Reach out and touch someone or squeeze someone or…An accelerometer on the wrist-worn device allows rough detection of hand orientation, gesture measurement, and tapping. In the near future researchers will examine simple activity detection as well, such as sitting, walking, and standing.
As in the bus stop example, a person wearing the device can sense simple touching. This sensation is enabled through force-sensing resistors that provide pressure detection over a high-resolution surface array on the top of the device.
A person can also detect rich signals sent from a partner whirling a finger along the surface of his or her device. Researchers provided this effect by time stamping the sensed data.
Motes, such as the one amongst the candy corn above, are at the heart of several Intel research projects.
Not only might a wearer experience the simulated touch of a friend, she might also feel the device grow warm to her skin. Using a Peltier Junction, the device can create a subtle heating or cooling on the wearer’s skin.
“The mapping between the inputs and outputs of paired devices is not literal,” says Paulos. “This is an important part of the design. In the same way people developed a language of numbers around early pagers when they sent messages we believe a similar vocabulary will emerge around physical cues.”
For example, to some wearers a gentle warming on the skin might convey a message of friendship. Others might choose to send good vibes by…well by sending good vibes, literally. Intel researchers used simple flat pancake vibration motors to cause wearers to easily and privately feel vibrations though skin contact. Various vibration patterns and duty cycles provide a number of output possibilities for the device.
And for those times when good vibes just aren’t enough, a wearer of the device can send the equivalent of a wireless handhold, an electronic squeeze.
Through the use of Flexinol, a user can feel a little squeeze that mimics the grasp of a hand as the filament in the wrist-worn device contracts when electrically powered. Flexinol is a simple variant of Nitinol, which is often used in robotic applications and commonly referred to as “muscle wire” for its ability to exert force and return to its original shape.
For all the pleasant thoughts and human analogies there may be a dark side to this device. “Imagine someone incessantly tapping, tapping, tapping. You’d probably feel really annoyed,” says Paulos. “It could be your friend trying to get in touch with you. Or perhaps you’re on the receiving end of a lovers’ quarrel.”
“Yea,” says Paulos, “there is an eerie side to this device. I don’t think anyone want to know what spam feels like.”
Anti depressant, AIDS and Parkinsons dry mouth effects speech and sleepDentist and engineer
The Age of Spiritual Machines – When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
The Singularity Is Near : When Humans Transcend Biology
., all integrated through the design process. The key to success in mechatronics is: modeling, analysis, experimentation & hardware-implementation skills.
As early as 1999, the number of embedded microprocessors found in the average middle-class household in North America was 45 and the number of embedded microprocessors manufactured surpassed the number of microprocessors packaged inside of traditional computers such as PCs by a factor of 100 to 1 (Lewis, 2001, p. 1).
As early as 1999, the number of embedded microprocessors found in the average middle-class household in North America was 45 and the number of embedded microprocessors manufactured surpassed the number of microprocessors packaged inside of traditional computers such as PCs by a factor of 100 to 1 (Lewis, 2001, p. 1).
As early as 1999, the number of embedded microprocessors found in the average middle-class household in North America was 45 and the number of embedded microprocessors manufactured surpassed the number of microprocessors packaged inside of traditional computers such as PCs by a factor of 100 to 1 (Lewis, 2001, p. 1).
As early as 1999, the number of embedded microprocessors found in the average middle-class household in North America was 45 and the number of embedded microprocessors manufactured surpassed the number of microprocessors packaged inside of traditional computers such as PCs by a factor of 100 to 1 (Lewis, 2001, p. 1).
Rice and U of Susses (Kroto)
Online List Details 200+ First Generation Nano Products Available Today on Store Shelves and via Internet WASHINGTON, March 10 /PRNewswire/ -- The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars today launched The Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory. This is the first and only publicly accessible online inventory of nanotechnology consumer products. The inventory currently contains information on 212 manufacturer-identified nano products. This far exceeds the existing federal government-accepted estimate of approximately 80 consumer products. The inventory can be accessed at no cost online at http://www.nanotechproject.org/consumerproducts. The inventory furthers the Project on Emerging Nanotechnology's mission to encourage discussion about nanotechnology's benefits and its promise, as well as its safety and environmental impacts. Currently, the searchable database catalogs consumer products using nanotechnology or containing nano materials - - from sunscreens to refrigerators and cultured diamonds. While not complete, it is the most comprehensive repository of nanotechnology consumer products available to the public, policymakers, and industry. "We are at the vanguard of discovering the endless benefits of nanotechnology for applications like targeted cancer treatments and more efficient solar cells. With this inventory, we also are learning that this technology is already being incorporated into our daily lives. It's on store shelves and being sold in every part of the world," said David Rejeski, director of the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, which is supported by The Pew Charitable Trusts. Until now, there was no known broad list of specific products using or containing nanotechnology that was readily accessible to consumers, retailers, researchers, and the media. The U.S. government relies on data compiled by EmTech Research regarding how nanotechnology is marketed and used commercially. The Project's inventory was developed in response to consumer interest in nanotechnology and its commercial uses. It provides the public with a first look at the vast array of acknowledged products companies are currently making available to shoppers. Findings Beginning in 2005, the Project began compiling products and materials containing nanotechnology from around the globe for inclusion in the consumer inventory. Entry to the list is based primarily on online, English language information provided by the product manufacturers. It does not include nanotechnology consumer products which companies have not identified as such. With these caveats, notable findings from the data in the inventory include: * Health and fitness is the most robust category in the inventory, with 125 products to-date, everything from face creams to hockey sticks. Electronics and computers make up the second largest category with 30 products, followed by the home and garden category; * Within the health and fitness category, clothing -- such as stain- resistant shirts, pants and neckties -- constitutes the largest sub- category with 34 products, followed closely by sporting goods (33 products) and cosmetics (31 products); * The U.S. is the overwhelming leader in consumer nanotechnology product development with 126; East Asia and Europe follow with 42 and 35 nano products respectively; and * Nanoengineered carbon is the most common material used in the nano products included within the inventory, followed by silver and silica. "Nanotechnology's potential is vast and it's real. The opportunity for nanotechnology ranges from improving Olympic sports equipment to discovering better treatments for Alzheimer's disease," said Andrew Maynard, science advisor of the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. "But our ability to reap the long-term benefits of nanotechnology -- in areas from energy production to medicine -- will depend on how well industry and government manage the safety and performance of this first generation of products." About Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the ability to measure, see, manipulate and manufacture things usually between 1 and 100 nanometers. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter; a human hair is roughly 100,000 nanometers wide. The National Science Foundation predicts that the global marketplace for goods and services using nanotechnologies will grow to $1 trillion by 2015. The U.S. invests approximately $3 billion annually in nanotechnology research and development, which accounts for approximately one-third of the total public and private sector investments worldwide. Inventory Data Every item contained in the inventory is manufacturer-identified. Any statements, claims and views expressed by a manufacturer or third-party contained in this inventory are solely those of the party making the statement or claim. Product details include: the product name, company/manufacturer or supplier information, country of origin, and category or subcategory, as well as a product photograph and description, hyperlink to the product website and the date that the product was added to the index. Products are grouped according to categories based loosely on publicly available consumer product classification systems, which include health and fitness, electronics and computers, home and garden, food and beverage, automotive, appliances and children's goods. The inventory also uses sub- categories. For example, paint is a sub-category labeled under the home and garden main category. The inventory will be updated regularly as new information is available. Users are encouraged to submit new product information for consideration to nano@wilsoncenter.org. Special Launch Event and Webcast The Center will formally release the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory at a special launch event today from 2:00 - 3:00 p.m. EST at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, located at 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., 5th floor conference room. The event will be webcast live at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/nano. High resolution photos of products in the nanotechnology consumer products inventory are available to the media at ftp://wwicsftp.wilsoncenter.org Username: WWICSFtp Password: p+F$c1WW. Questions regarding photos should be directed to Alex Parlini: alex.parlini@wilsoncenter.org or (202) 691-4282. The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies is an initiative launched by the Wilson Center and The Pew Charitable Trusts in 2005. It is dedicated to helping business, government and the public anticipate and manage possible health and environmental implications of nanotechnology. For more information about the project, log on to http://www.nanotechproject.org. Contact: Debra Masters Phone: (202) 326-1821 debra.masters@edelman.com Julia A. Moore Phone: (202) 691-4025 julia.moore@wilsoncenter.org SOURCE Woodrow Wilson International Center for ScholarsWeb Site: http://www.wilsoncenter.orghttp://www.nanotechproject.org
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Clusters are economic in nature not geographic in nature.
Focused on areas of concentration of core industries.
Will be expanding efforts to make the connection to the clusters by assisting regions like West Texas with regional collaboration, SWOT assessment, and identification of targets of opportunity.
Regional initiatives expand the focus to ancillary and support industries.
Korean “Information Society” development date back to the 1980’s, however, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) use and production in the past has been associated with equipment, rather than knowledge-intensive production and services such as software, biotechnology, new media and information services (Hwang, Hur and Choi, 2004, p.11) (Korea National Computerization Agency, 2004, p.7) (Wong, 2004, p.1). A new phase of public-private partnership including programs such as “Cyber Korea 21”, “e-Korea Vision 2006”, and “Broadband IT KOREA VISION 2007” aims to make Korea the leading exporter of knowledge-intensive production in the world (Korea National Computerization Agency, 2004, p.7) (The Korea Times in Swiss Talents, 2004, p.1). This new phase is marked by a transition to integrating convergent information services into the fabric of society, industry, government and education; pioneering the development of technologies, products, services and knowledge-based exports; and supporting the formation and development of new convergence companies.
Korean “Information Society” development date back to the 1980’s, however, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) use and production in the past has been associated with equipment, rather than knowledge-intensive production and services such as software, biotechnology, new media and information services (Hwang, Hur and Choi, 2004, p.11) (Korea National Computerization Agency, 2004, p.7) (Wong, 2004, p.1). A new phase of public-private partnership including programs such as “Cyber Korea 21”, “e-Korea Vision 2006”, and “Broadband IT KOREA VISION 2007” aims to make Korea the leading exporter of knowledge-intensive production in the world (Korea National Computerization Agency, 2004, p.7) (The Korea Times in Swiss Talents, 2004, p.1). This new phase is marked by a transition to integrating convergent information services into the fabric of society, industry, government and education; pioneering the development of technologies, products, services and knowledge-based exports; and supporting the formation and development of new convergence companies.
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You can find all of TWC’s tools, with the exception of SitesonTexas at the TWC web-site - www.twc.state.tx.us
The Future of Computers
http://www.rfreitas.com/Nano/TheFutureOfComputers--Analog--March1996.htm (c) 1996 Robert A. Freitas Jr.Research ScientistZyvex Corp. Citation: Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Future of Computers,” Analog 116(March 1996):57-73.
The Future of Computers
http://www.rfreitas.com/Nano/TheFutureOfComputers--Analog--March1996.htm (c) 1996 Robert A. Freitas Jr.Research ScientistZyvex Corp. Citation: Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Future of Computers,” Analog 116(March 1996):57-73.
