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Ensure
Smooth Plant Operation
thanks to the most suitable
Critical Power Solution
Matthias Dreier
Technology Manager
GUTOR Electronic LLC
Switzerland

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Topics of this Presentation
Introduction
UPS Load Types
UPS Power Networks
UPS Configurations
Configuration Comparison
Conclusion

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Introduction
UPS = Uninterruptible Power Supply for critical AC-loads
UPS main duties
Secure continuous power to critical loads
Act as a mains filter
UPS environment
Upstream feeding concept
Downstream distribution set-up
UPS loads
Input topology / Current characteristics
There is no „one and only“ solution

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UPS Load Types
Linear Loads
Sinusoidal input current / no harmonics feed back
Traditional loads and power factor corrected (PFC) loads
Single- or dual inputs
PFC
PFC
AC Input 2
AC Input 1
Linear Load with dual inputs

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UPS Load Types
Non-linear Loads
Distorted input current with high crest factor
Non power factor corrected SMPS loads
Single- or dual inputs
AC Input
Converter
+
Switched
Mode
Power
Supply
90º
Peak value
RMS value
Peak value
x1,41
x3 - 5
Current Crest Factor

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UPS Power Networks
Upstream Supply Set-up
Source 1
Bus 1
Source 2
Bus 2
Tie-up
UPS Rectifier Input UPS Bypass Input
UPS

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UPS Power Networks
Downstream Distribution Set-up
UPS 1 UPS 2
Safe Bus 1 Safe Bus 2
Single Input Load
Tie-up
Dual Input Load
Single Input Load

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UPS Configurations
Single Unit Configuration
Secured Load Bus
Bypass Input
Rectifier Input
Rectifier Inverter
Manual Bypass Switch
Static Switch
Battery
Double Conversion UPS System with PWM Inverter
Battery Operation
Bypass Operation
Normal Operation

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UPS Configurations
Cascade or Hot-standby Configuration
Secured Load Bus
Rectifier Input
Master
Master UPS Module
Load on Master UPS
Load on Slave UPS
Bypass Input
Rectifier Input
Slave
Slave UPS Module

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UPS Configurations
Parallel Redundant Configuration
Bypass Input
Secured Load Bus
Rectifier Input
Module A
UPS Module A
Rectifier Input
Module B
UPS Module B
50 %
50 %

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UPS Configurations
Dual UPS Configuration
Bypass Input
Module B
Rectifier Input
Module B
Secured Load Bus B
UPS Module B
Rectifier Input
Module A
UPS Module A
Bypass Input
Module A
Secured Load Bus A

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UPS Configuration Comparison
Functionality
Ability of a UPS System to supply the loads uninterrupted
Immunity against external influences (supply, environment)
53Dual Units
44Parallel Redundant
33Cascade
33Single Unit
Dual Feed LoadsSingle Feed LoadsConfiguration
Score RatesUPS

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UPS Configuration Comparison
Reliability
Continuous UPS up-time duration between critical failures
MTBF figure (Mean Time Between Failure) for load supply
52Dual Units
44Parallel Redundant
33Cascade
22Single Unit
Dual Feed LoadsSingle Feed LoadsConfiguration
Score RatesUPS

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UPS Configuration Comparison
Maintainability
Safe UPS maintenance work without disturbing the load
Switching procedures reduced to an absolute minimum
52Dual Units
44Parallel Redundant
33Cascade
22Single Unit
Dual Feed LoadsSingle Feed LoadsConfiguration
Score RatesUPS

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UPS Configuration Comparison
Operability
User friendly operation- and monitoring scheme
Co-ordinated operation mode control between UPS modules
33Dual Units
44Parallel Redundant
33Cascade
44Single Unit
Dual Feed LoadsSingle Feed LoadsConfiguration
Score RatesUPS

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UPS Configuration Comparison
System- and Installation Costs
UPS solution costs scaled to single unit with single feed loads
Including power distribution network- and installation costs
220 %200 %Dual Units
200 %180 %Parallel Redundant
200 %180 %Cascade
120 %100 %Single Unit
Dual Feed LoadsSingle Feed LoadsConfiguration
Relative Solution CostsUPS

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Conclusion
UPS solutions must be considered in their entirety
Final judgement on „what is always best“ is impossible
Parallel Redundant Systems are very suitable for any loads
Dual Units with pure Dual Feed Loads is the „high-end“ choice
The most expensive & complex solution is not always best
Investing in the right UPS solution is a good insurance