2. Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture
Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture
Byzantine ArchitectureByzantine Architecture
Romanesque ArchitectureRomanesque Architecture
Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture
Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
Baroque ArchitectureBaroque Architecture
Neoclassical ArchitectureNeoclassical Architecture
Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture
3. Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture
Life in ancient Greece revolved around religion,Life in ancient Greece revolved around religion,
therefore it is expressed in their art and architecture.therefore it is expressed in their art and architecture.
The Greek temples consist of three architecturalThe Greek temples consist of three architectural
designs: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.designs: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
The Doric design appears plain and sturdy (ex:The Doric design appears plain and sturdy (ex:
Temple of Apollo)Temple of Apollo)
The Ionic design appears to have more elegantThe Ionic design appears to have more elegant
designs and is thinner as well. Its peak containsdesigns and is thinner as well. Its peak contains
swirls, similar to a scroll design (ex: Temple of Athenaswirls, similar to a scroll design (ex: Temple of Athena
Nike)Nike)
The Corinthian style contains the most designs of all,The Corinthian style contains the most designs of all,
with detailed, elegant, and various decorations on itswith detailed, elegant, and various decorations on its
peak. (ex: Temple of Olympian Zeus)peak. (ex: Temple of Olympian Zeus)
4. Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture
The Romans have were fascinated andThe Romans have were fascinated and
adapted many Greek customs especiallyadapted many Greek customs especially
their architectural techniques. Not only didtheir architectural techniques. Not only did
they apply these customs in their lifestyle,they apply these customs in their lifestyle,
but improved them as well.but improved them as well.
Roman architectural inventions include:Roman architectural inventions include:
the basilica, amphitheater, Tuscan column,the basilica, amphitheater, Tuscan column,
and baths (improved drainage system).and baths (improved drainage system).
Some examples include: the Pantheon,Some examples include: the Pantheon,
Basilica Julia, Arena of Nimes, Baths ofBasilica Julia, Arena of Nimes, Baths of
Caracalla, Roman villa, and so much more.Caracalla, Roman villa, and so much more.
5. Byzantine ArchitectureByzantine Architecture
Following the 5th century, came aFollowing the 5th century, came a
new type of era called, Byzantine,new type of era called, Byzantine,
along with its own unique design asalong with its own unique design as
well as some adaptation of thewell as some adaptation of the
Romans.Romans.
Architecture in this era consists ofArchitecture in this era consists of
round arches, mosaics, and massiveround arches, mosaics, and massive
domes with square bases and piers.domes with square bases and piers.
Examples: The Basilica of Sant’Examples: The Basilica of Sant’
Apollinaire Nuovo, Eucterium,Apollinaire Nuovo, Eucterium,
Rotunda.Rotunda.
6. RomanesqueRomanesque
ArchitectureArchitecture
Romanesque architecture in Europe isRomanesque architecture in Europe is
similar to the Roman style buildings.similar to the Roman style buildings.
Romanesque architecture consists ofRomanesque architecture consists of
thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers,thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers,
large towers, decorations/ designs,large towers, decorations/ designs,
and is massive in size.and is massive in size.
With this architectural style, newWith this architectural style, new
churches, monasteries and manychurches, monasteries and many
castles were built.castles were built.
Example: Great St. Martin Church,Example: Great St. Martin Church,
CologneCologne
7. Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture
Gothic Architecture lasted through theGothic Architecture lasted through the
Middle Ages in Europe, 12th- 16th century.Middle Ages in Europe, 12th- 16th century.
Buildings created in this style consist ofBuildings created in this style consist of
immense spaces, walls, and tracery.immense spaces, walls, and tracery.
This new style of the middle ages was seenThis new style of the middle ages was seen
mainly in churches with new designmainly in churches with new design
techniques such as: pointed arches and thetechniques such as: pointed arches and the
flying buttress.flying buttress.
The flying buttress, in particular, helpedThe flying buttress, in particular, helped
remove weight from the roof of the walls,remove weight from the roof of the walls,
enabled it to be higher, and allowed moreenabled it to be higher, and allowed more
room for windows to allow light in. (ex:room for windows to allow light in. (ex:
Notre Dame de Paris)Notre Dame de Paris)
8. RenaissanceRenaissance
ArchitectureArchitecture
Renaissance architecture ranged fromRenaissance architecture ranged from
the 15th- 17th century in Europe.the 15th- 17th century in Europe.
This particular style focussed entirelyThis particular style focussed entirely
on geometric means, symmetry, andon geometric means, symmetry, and
proportion.proportion.
Semicircular arches, hemisphericalSemicircular arches, hemispherical
domes, lintels, plasters, and columnsdomes, lintels, plasters, and columns
were used to make up buildings of thiswere used to make up buildings of this
design.design.
Some examples include: FlorenceSome examples include: Florence
Cathedral and St. Peter’s BasilicaCathedral and St. Peter’s Basilica
9. Baroque ArchitectureBaroque Architecture
Lasting until the 18th century,Lasting until the 18th century,
Baroque Architecture consisted ofBaroque Architecture consisted of
space, expression, and contrast.space, expression, and contrast.
Contrast was used particularly inContrast was used particularly in
lighting to create a dramatic effectlighting to create a dramatic effect
on the buildings’ interiors. Brighton the buildings’ interiors. Bright
colors were used on ceilingcolors were used on ceiling
paintings to communicate emotions.paintings to communicate emotions.
Some examples include: Palace ofSome examples include: Palace of
Versailles and St. Peter’s SquareVersailles and St. Peter’s Square
10. NeoclassicalNeoclassical
ArchitectureArchitecture
Lasting from the 18th to 19thLasting from the 18th to 19th
century, Neoclassical architecturecentury, Neoclassical architecture
consisted of design qualities thatconsisted of design qualities that
revived the Roman and Greek forms.revived the Roman and Greek forms.
This particular style made use ofThis particular style made use of
scale and geometric forms, tallscale and geometric forms, tall
columns, symmetrical shapes, andcolumns, symmetrical shapes, and
triangular/ domed roofs.triangular/ domed roofs.
Examples: Thomas JeffersonExamples: Thomas Jefferson
Memorial and Maison du Caree atMemorial and Maison du Caree at
NimesNimes
11. Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture
Ranging from the late 19th century toRanging from the late 19th century to
today, Modern Architecture consists of untoday, Modern Architecture consists of un
ornamented styles, or International style.ornamented styles, or International style.
The modern style focuses more on socialThe modern style focuses more on social
and political developments occurring. Theand political developments occurring. The
buildings’ designs are made according tobuildings’ designs are made according to
its function and dramatic, unnecessaryits function and dramatic, unnecessary
details are no longer included. Buildingsdetails are no longer included. Buildings
were created according to its use/were created according to its use/
purpose.purpose.
Examples include: Empire State BuildingExamples include: Empire State Building
and Sydney Opera House.and Sydney Opera House.
