2. Topics of discussion
Principles
of burn surgery
Reconstructive ladder
Z-plasty
W-plasty
3. Principles of burn care
Preservationof life
Prevention and control of infection
Conservation of all viable tissue
Maintenance of function
Timely closure of the burn wound
4. Burn Surgery
Escharotomy and Fasciotomy
Excision and Grafting
Burn wound closure
Post-burn reconstruction
6. Methods
Incisional release and coverage
Excisional and coverage
Reorientaion of scars e.g. Z-plasty, W-
plasty etc.
Resurfacing
Pressure garments
Steroids
Massage
7. Timing of Surgery
Acute: to facilitate patient care and to
prevent acute contractures from causing
irreversible secondary damage. e.g.
eyelid contractures with exposure
keratitis etc.
Intermediate: to manipulate scars to
make them favourable
Late: to correct established postburn
deformities.
8. Behaviour of scars
Scars under tension are angry and
respond with erythema, hypertrophy,
pruritus, pain and tenderness.
Relaxed scars are happy scars and
respond by flattening, softening and
becoming pale and asymptomatic.
9. Principles of burn reconstruction
Analyze the deformity and note distorted and
absent tissue.
Generate a long-range plan for reconstruction
that establishes priorities and addresses both
functional and esthetic concerns.
Delay reconstruction until the scars and grafts
have matured. Use splints and elastic garments
to minimize scar hypertrophy.
Release extrinsic contracture before intrinsic
contracture.
Orient scars parallel to relaxed skin tension lines.
10. Principles of burn reconstruction
Identify and ration potential donor site skin.
Resurface according to regional esthetic units.
If possible, adjacent units should be covered
with a single large graft to avoid seams
between territories.
Match donor skin according to thickness, color
and texture. Thicker skin grafts produce less
postoperative contracture.
Protect new scars and grafts from ultraviolet
radiation to decrease the chance of
hyperpigmentation.