201442087 6959462-study-on-cottage-industry

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Study on Cottage Industry
(A Case Study on Lungi Industry of Ruhitpur, Keranigonj)

Table of Contents
Topics Page
Table of contents i
List of tables ii
List of maps ii
List of figures ii
Chapter One : Introduction
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objective of the study 1
1.3 Justification of the study 1
1.4 Selection of the study area 2
1.5 Determination of Sample Size 2
1.6 Location of the site 2
Chapter Two : Socio-economic condition of Tatiees
2.1 Population Characteristics 4
2.2 House ownership pattern 4
2.3 Literacy and Educational Attainment 5
2.4 Employment status 5
2.5 Monthly income and expenditure pattern 5
2.6 Migration status 6
2.6.1 In-migration 6
2.6.2 Out-migration 6
2.7 Services and facilities 6
Chapter Three : Tat activities in the study area
3.1 Historical background of Tat 7
3.2 Working procedure of Lungi production 7
3.3 Condition of Tat in the study area 8
3.3.1 Types of products 8
3.3.2 Volume of product 8
3.3.3 Investment for production 8
3.3.4 Workers involvement 8
3.3.5 Marketing system of products 9
Chapter Four : Barriers of Tat industry in the study area
4.1 Low access to raw materials 10
4.2 Financial 10
4.3 Lack of improved technology 11
4.4 Inadequate manpower 11
4.5 Others 11
Chapter Five : Recommendation and suggestion 12
Chapter Six : Conclusion 13
References
Appendices
i

List of Tables
Table 1.1 : Sample size determination 2
Table 2.1 : Age sex structure 4
Table 2.2 : Level of education of the household’s member over 5 years of age 5
Table 2.3 : Tat as a occupation among the households 5
Table 2.4 : Monthly income of the households 5
Table 2.5 : Expenditure pattern of the households 6
Table 3.1 : Involvement of household workers 8
Table 3.2 : Involvement of employed workers 9
Table 4.1 : Barriers in development of Tat industries 10
Table 4.2 : Cost variation of Yarn and Labor between Rohitpur and Pabna 10
List of Maps
Map 1.1 : Location of the Study Area 3
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 : Age-sex distribution 4
Figure: 3.1 Ratio of workers engaged in Tat industries 9
ii

C h a p t e r O n e : I n t r o d u c t i o n
Chapter One : Introduction
1.1 Background
The study area, Rohitpur Mouza under Keranigonj Upazila has its economical and historical value
achieved through a long period of time. The heritage of Tat activities flourished by the people of
the area, now famous in all over the country. They are still in superior position in terms of quality
of products. It serves local market as well as the market of Dhaka City have a remarkable
contribution in the economy of this region. As a fringe area of capital Dhaka provides a strong
backup which makes the locality more important.
When the name of Ruhitpur come then a scenario of a locality rise in our mind with one-two or
more tat in every houses and all the members of every households are busy in producing lungi.
But it is a matter of sorrow that this view of Ruhitpur is now past. The scenario has been changed.
Now very few people are producing lungi in this locality. This study is to describe the present
situation of this cottage industry (lungi) in Ruhitpur Mouza.
1.2 Objective of the Study
Existing problem identification of goals and objectives, and finding out their appropriate reason
will serve as fundamental factor for selecting strategies and investigating the prospects of their
applicability. The specific objectives for the study are given below:
• To explore the existing situation of TAT industries in the study area.
• To identify the barriers of this industries.
• To provide some suggestions to overcome the barriers and increase the potentialities of
this sector.
1.3 Justification of the Study
Cottage industry (lungi) was the main occupation of the people of Ruhitpur. Its contribution on
local and regional economy was great. However in this age of modern technology this industry
has come to an end and people become fading up with this profession. Gradually they are
changing their traditional occupation which was profound all over the country. This occupational
change impacts badly on local and regional economy. For this reason their livelihood pattern is
also gradually changing. In this study we will try to find out the potentialities and barriers of this
sector and to analyze the present situation of this industry in Ruhitpur.
1.4 Selection of the Study Area
Lungi of Ruhitpur is famous all over the country. Lungi is also produced in the surrounding locality
of Ruhitpur village or Ruhitpur Mouza. However according to the local people there is a great
difference in quality between the Lungi of Ruhitpur Mouza and it’s surroundings. For this study
only Ruhitpur Mouza has been selected which is situated at the southern portion of Keranigonj
upazila. Ruhitpur Mouza is constituted by Ruhitpur, Mohonpur, Anarpur, Char- Ruhitpur,
1

Nayapara and a part of Ruhitpur Kacha. The survey was conducted with the direct interaction with
the existing TAT operators which helped to find out some deep rooted problems which are
considered as the barriers of this industry. This study has covered almost every aspects of this
industry. The area is selected for the study because of the following reasons –
• Tat industry of Rohitpur has a great historical and economical value.
• Concentration of TAT is relatively high in Rohitpur Mouza than other areas in Keranigonj
Upazila.
• Products of TAT (Longi) are more qualitative than other areas in Keranigonj Upazila.
1.5 Determination of Sample Size
Few years ago, there was a great concentration of Tat in Rohitpur mouza but in present its
activities is limited in some villages. The number of Tat in each village and sample size from each
village is given in the table below. About 55 percent sample size of total number of households
has been taken. In this case, number of households means households who are currently
engaged in Tat activities.
Table 1.1 : Sample size determination.
Name of the Villages Number of households Sample Size
Ruhitpur 7 4
Mohonpur 5 3
Anarpur 6 3
Char- Ruhitpur 0 0
Nayapara 0 0
Ruhitpur Kacha 4 2
Total 22 12
Source : Field Survey, 2006.
1.6 Location of the Site
Rohitpur mouza is situated at Rohitpur Union of Keranigonj Upazila under the District of Dhaka. It
is at the southern part of Keranigonj Upazila. Baila Mouza is in its North side, Sakta Mouza in its
East side, Dharmasur Mouza in South side and on its West Sarashpur and Jonipur Mouza. The
area of Rohitpur Mouza is 286 acres. Locational map of the study area is given below.
2

Map 1.1 : Location of the Study Area
3
Study Area

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
0 - 4
5 - 9
10 - 14
15 - 17
18 - 34
35 - 59
60 +
Female
Male
C h a p t e r T w o : S o c i o - e c o n o m i c C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f T a t i e e s
Chapter Two : Socio-Economic Characteristics of Tatiees
2.1 Population Characteristics
According to population census 1991, total population of Rohitpur is 2977 in which male
population is 1562 and female is 1415. Taking account the annual growth rate 3.9 (BBS 1991) of
Keranigonj upazilla, the population of Rohitpur in 2006 is 5300.
Age-sex structure
Age-sex structure of the area is also constructed on the basis of population census. Young
population (18 – 34 age group) is the highest, about 30 percent. About 19 percent are in the age
of 35-59 years, about 14 percent are in the age of 5 to 9 and about 13 percent are in the age of 0
to 4 and 10-14 both.
Table 2.1 : Age sex structure
Age group
Male Female Total
Count % Count % Count %
0 - 4 205 6.89 185 6.21 390 13.10
5 - 9 242 8.13 194 6.52 436 14.65
10 - 14 191 6.42 201 6.75 392 13.17
15 - 17 98 3.29 88 2.96 186 6.25
18 - 34 450 15.12 421 14.14 871 29.26
35 - 59 297 9.98 257 8.63 554 18.61
60 + 79 2.65 69 2.32 148 4.97
Total 1562 52.47 1415 47.53 2977 100.00
Source: BBS, 1991
The age-sex pyramid of the study area given below shows the graphic scenario of the age and
gender distribution.
Figure 2.1 : Age-sex distribution
2.2 House ownership pattern
All the people in the study area are living in generation by generation. So they have own
household to live.
4

2.3 Literacy and Educational Attainment
Like the other part of the country, the literacy rate of the population of the study area is moderate.
According to the field survey, 21.42% people of interest group are illiterate. A large number of
people acquired primarily education (48.21). However, the percentage of higher education is very
low (only 1.79%). The information about the educational status of the group of interest is given
bellow:
Table 2.2 : Level of education of the household’s member over 5 years of age
Educational qualification No. of household member Percentages
Illiterate 12 21.43
Primary 27 48.21
Secondary 13 23.21
Higher Secondary 3 5.36
Degree and Above 1 1.79
2.4 Employment status
This is not so far ago when most of the household were depended on this cottage industry. Now a
day’s very few families are involved with this industry. The households depended on this industry
are the group of interest of this study. According to the survey it is the Primary Occupation of 60%
members of these households. The detail information is given bellow -
Table 2.3 : Tat as a occupation among the households
Occupation type No. of household member Percentages
Primary 30 60
Secondary 20 40
2.5 Monthly income and expenditure pattern
Socio-economic condition of any study area is reflected by income expenditure pattern. From the
income-expenditure pattern, savings of the individuals can also be assumed. In the study area,
16.67 percent of the surveyed households earn Tk. 2000-2999 per month. About 25 percent
households have income range Tk. 4000-4999 and most of the household, about 58 percent earn
Tk. 5000 and above.
Table 2.4 : Monthly income of the households
Income (tk) No. of households Percentages
2000-2999 2 16.67
3000-3999 0 0
4000-4999 3 25
5000 and above 7 58.33
The amount of income and expenditure is very close, means they have little or no savings.
Among the surveyed households, only 16 percent have savings in different NGOs and Banks.
5

The expenditure on different items varies with different income level. A large amount of income is
spending for food. The households earn less spent higher on food (Table ).
Table 2.5 : Expenditure pattern of the households
Income range (in tk) Monthly expenditure (in percentage)
Food Cloth Education Health Others
2000-2999 84.64 5.79 0 1.89 2.79
3000-3999 0 0 0 0 0
4000-4999 72.22 4.91 2.31 1.62 10.37
5000 and above 56.01 4.35 4.65 2.68 17.42
2.6 Migration status
2.6.1 In-migration
As a cottage industry, Tat does not require more employed workers. In most cases, only family
members are involved with this work. Beside these, most households of the study area had only
one Tat and 5-6 family members. In the past, Tat can live a family but it was not too profitable.
From our survey, we find no migrated family. All are hereditically local. From survey report we
also found that only 14% are employed workers. All of this 14% employed workers are local
worker who recently stopped their own Tat activities.
2.6.2 Out-migration
In the study area, we found a peculiar picture that Tatiees whose have brick-built house are living
by hand to mouth. About 3-5 years ago maximum household has one or two migrated people.
Generally, they migrated to Malaysia. Whatever when Malaysia Government stopped to receive
migrated workers, they came back. From the survey data, we found no migrated people. At
present maximum Tatiees depend only Tat industry.
2.7 Services and facilities
Infrastructural condition of Rohitpur Mouza is moderate. People uses various source of water for
their every day needs. Near about 97% people use tube-well, 2.5% pond, 0.4% well water for
drinking purpose. Pipeline water supply is totally absent in the study area. A sanitary facility is not
very good. Only 10.60% use sanitary latrine, 8.90% have no latrine and 80.50% use other type of
latrines. About 68.04% household get electricity facility.
6

C h a p t e r T h r e e : T a t a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e S t u d y A r e a
Chapter Three : Tat Activities in the Study Area
Lungi is a garment worn in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Myanmar. It is generally
worn around the waist. Though its origin is found in South-India, it is worn by different
communities across Southern Asia. It is generally woven in cotton. It has various designs and
colors. Lungis are sewn into a circle like a skirt. For daily purposes, it is most popular in our
country. The lungi is thought to be quite comfortable because its length can be adjusted easily. It
is particularly popular in regions where the heat and humidity create an unpleasant climate.
Lungi is the most commonly seen dress of Bangladeshi men. It is not normally worn on formal
occasions. In Bangladesh, lungis are worn by most men on a daily basis. Bengali women do not
traditionally wear lungis. Non-Bengali tribal women wear similar garments in some parts of
southeastern Bangladesh. Some Bengali men do not wear the lungi, because they thought it to be
too informal or unsuitable.
3.1 Historical background of Tat
Bangladesh is an agro-based country. Agriculture is a seasonal occupation. As a result, farmers
stay unemployed in most times of the year. This leaser period invents cottage industries. Tat
industries began in this country many years ago. Once, Moslin of Dhaka was famous all over the
world. According to local people, Tat industries began in Rohitpur during British period. At the
beginning, Tat was the main occupation of Rohitpur but day by day this industry is demolishing.
3.2 Working procedure of Lungi production
The working procedure of Lungi production is very simple, but it is a lengthy process. It is fully
depended on the labors and there is no automatic process. So, it needs a large number of labors
for Lungi production. At least, 5 or 6 labors is needed to run a Tat properly. There are three steps
of Lungi production namely –
i) To collect and prepare Yarn for production.
ii) To set the Yarn in the Tat.
iii) To wave Lungi and prepare for sell.
Collecting and preparing the Yarn for production
Yarn is the main raw material of Lungi. When Yarn is collected, it is no fully prepared. To make it
suitable for production, it takes several steps as follws_
a) To collect Yarn from local market
b) To find out and clean the disqualified Yarn
c) To tight qualified Yarn in groups
d) To mix arrowroot with the Yarn (in local term they called this process ‘Banna’)
e) Again clean the arrowroot mixed Yarn and make it dry
7

Setting the Yarn in the Tat
After making the Yarn suitable for production, following steps are done_
a) First, the Yarn is divided into to groups.
b) To set a part in a Hana1
.
c) To spin the other part with a Bim2
.
d) To set these two parts in Tat. (in local term this process is called ‘Bau’)
Waving the Lungi and prepare for sell
When all things are fully prepared following steps are done for finished products_
a) To wave Lungi in Tat
b) Mixing arrowroot with the products
c) Clean the products and make it dry.
d) Prepare the finished product for sell
3.3 Condition of Tat in the study area
Before 1980, condition of Tat in Rohitpur Mouza was very good. About all household belongs at
least one Tat. After 1980s, Tat industries began to decrease. Around 1980s to 1990s number of
Tat in Rohitpur Mouza was less than 400 and at present total number of Tat is 22.
3.3.1 Type of products
Various types of cloths are produced in Tat industries namely – Shari, Lungi, Chador, Gamsa,
Genji, etc. Whatever in Keranigonj Upazila, only Lungi is produced from Tat industries. As our
study area Rohitpur is under Keranigonj Upazila, we worked only for Lungi.
3.3.2 Volume of product
Volume of products depends on the quality of products. If all materials are well prepared, normal
qualitative one Thaan3
can be produced per day from one Tat.
3.3.3 Investment for production
Investment for production also depends on the quality of products. It can be divided into two parts
– material cost and production cost. Between these two, production cost remains all most all the
same for good and bad qualitative Lungi. Whatever, material cost depends on quality and price of
the Yarn and the quality of Lungi. One ‘Thaan’ Lungi requires 9-11 ‘Mora4
’ Yarn where one ‘Mora’
costs tk.20-23. ‘Yarn’ for one ‘Thaan’ Lungi costs tk. 200-260 and all other procedure costs
tk.300-400.
1
‘Hana’ is local name of an instrument used in Tat which looks like a comb.
2
‘Bim’ is a calendar made by wood.
3
‘Thaan’ is a local unit, where one ‘Thaan’ is equal to four pieces of Lungie
4
‘Mora’ is local unit of measurement of Yarn
8

3.3.4 Workers involvement
Both household and employed workers are involved with this cottage industry, but the portion of
household worker is relatively high. One Tat generally requires 5-6 workers. About all aged
people can work in a Tat. Involvement of household and employed workers is illustrated by the
following tables_
Table 3.1 Involvement of household workers
Household workers No. of household Percentage
Below 3 0 0
3 – 4 7 41.67
5 – 7 5 58.33
More than 7 0 0
Table 3.2 Involvement of employed workers
Employed workers No. of household Percentage
No worker 8 66.67
1 – 2 3 25
3 – 4 1 8.33
More than 4 0 0
From the above tables it is clear that, involvement of household workers in Tat is relatively very
high. 86% workers are household worker whereas only 14% are employed workers(Figure 3.1).
Because, in the study area, maximum Tatiees have only one Tat and 4-6 family members. So, the
portion of employed worker is relatively low. There is another reason is responsible for this
situation that is, profit from one ‘than’ is tk.200-350 whereas a worker’s wage is tk.120-150 per
‘than’. If a Tat owner engage a labour then his profit decreases.
Figure: 3.1 Ratio of workers engaged in Tat industries
3.3.5 Marketing system of products
A big portion of profit depends on the marketing system of products. Marketing system of Lungi is
not favorable to the Tatiees in the study area. Most of the Tatiees sell their products to the local
Household
86%
Employed
14%
9

businessperson in a very little profit. Whatever, these businesspersons sell these Lungies mainly
in Dhaka City in a high profit. In most case, these businesspersons buy more Lungies during off-
peak period in low price and reserve the Lungies. As a result two events occur. Firstly – Tatiees
do not get real price of Lungi in the peak period and secondly – price of Lungi remains high during
off-peak period.
10

C h a p t e r F o u r : B a r r i e r s o f T a t I n d u s t r y i n t h e S t u d y A r e a
Chapter Four : Barriers of Tat Industry in the Study Area
The people of the study area involved with Tat identify some barriers in improvement of this
sector. All the respondent during the survey answered that High price of raw materials and low
profit is the major problem. About 66 percent respondent identified high labor wage as a barrier,
about 58 percent answered unavailability of raw materials and 50 identified large variation
between wholesale and retail price as the problem.
Table 4.1 : Barriers in development of Tat industries
Reasons No of answer Percentage of total household
Raw materials are not easily available 7 58.33
High price of raw materials 12 100
High labor wage 8 66.67
Low profit 12 100
Large variation between wholesale
and retail price 6 50
4.1 Low access to raw materials
The main raw materials for Tat industry is Yarn. It produces in different areas like in Dhaka
division it produces in Demra, Narayangonj, Tangail, Tongi. It also produces in Chittagong,
Khulna and Barishal. With the course of time it becomes difficult for the taties in the study area to
collect yarn due to its higher price and this trend is continuing. yarn is sell by a unit called “mora”.
The price of one mora yarn jumped to tk 22 whereas it was tk 16 just before six months. To
produce 1 “Thaan” lungi 11 mora yarn is used by taties in the study area but in pubna used only
6-7 mora of yarn. Labor cost is also high here. All these things make the sector vulnerable. A
comparative analysis of costs to produce one than of lungi in Rohitpur and Pabna is given in the
table below:
Table 4.2 : Cost variation of Yarn and Labor between Rohitpur and Pabna
Origin of
Lungi
Required yarn
for 1 Than Lungi
Price per Mora
(tk)
Cost for Yarn
Labor cost
(per Thaan)
Rohitpur 11 mora
22
242 120-50
Pabna 6 mora 132 70-80
Source: Field Survey, 2006
4.2 Financial
The price of the yarn become increasing, gradually makes the situation complicated as the taties
have not any initial capital to buy the raw materials. Usually they lend the money from Mohajon
and impelled to sell their products to mohajon in a price less than the market price. At the end
Taties gets little or no profit to survive.
11

C h a p t e r F o u r : B a r r i e r s o f T a t I n d u s t r y i n t h e S t u d y A r e a
4.3 Lack of improved technology
The taties of Rohitpur mouzas are technologically backdated than other areas of Bangladesh like
Pabna. Where the taties of Pabna goes to mass production with improved equipment and
decrease their production cost. So they can sell at a low price than Rohitpur. No households in
Rohitpur have no more than two Tats and they produce one or less than one “Than” of lungi in a
day by engaging all the household members.
4.4 Inadequate manpower
There is a shortage of manpower even if the wage is very high in Rohitpur than other areas. On
the other hand, household members become involve in other occupations taking Tat as a
secondary one. So productivity is decreasing.
4.5 Others
There is no multi-occupational scope in this occupation. If some one is engaged with this
occupation, he can not do another work with it.
12

C h a p t e r F i v e : R e c o m m e n d a t i o n a n d S u g g e s t i o n
Chapter Five : Recommendation and Suggestion
It is clear from the present scenario that Tat industries are demolishing from this region day by
day. The people engaged with this occupation are becoming unemployed and it becomes very
difficult for them to survive. It is not possible to stop this industry because most of the people
engaged with this occupation are unskilled in all other occupations. Again, it is also not preferable
to provide surplus for surviving this industry. There are many barriers to survive the Tatiees well.
By overcoming these barriers properly, the Tatiees could survive well and Tat industries of this
region would not demolish. The following suggestions would be a practical guideline for surviving
Tatiees.
1. Some businesspersons buy a huge amount of Lungi in low price during off-peak period
and store for peak period. As a result the demand of Lungi fall down in the peak period
and the Tatiees cannot sell their according to the actual demand of market, and they are
compelled to sell their Lungi in low price during peak period. By protecting this dishonest
motivation, Tatiees can survive well.
2. Most of the Tatiees have no primary capital to buy raw material like Yarn, arrowroot etc.
Therefore, all they do borrow money from Mohajon and they are compelled to sell their
products to them in a low price. However, there are a few numbers of Tatiees who take
credit from NGOs and Banks can avoid this situation. If the initial capital can be provided
by micro credit programme, they can get rid of this vicious circle.
3. The price of Yarn drastically changed between on a few months and become higher and
higher. Some Tatiees claimed that it is not sometime available also. So, by taking national
policy if the production and supply of Yarn can be increased, then the price will be more
stable and this sector can be more benefited.
4. This sector may not survive if it continue by small scale of production. It may not compete
with the products of other areas, where they go in mass production. Therefore, by
adopting modern technology and with the help of various organizations, stakeholders and
government, the situation can be improved.
5. Tatiees are usually unskilled in all other occupation. Again, the present condition of Tat
industries in this region is not suitable for the Tatiees to survive. If this industry is stopped,
Tatiees could be shifted to another occupation. To shift Tatiees into another occupation
Government, NGOs, and the private sector could launch job oriented programmes like –
training, education, protection etc.
13

C h a p t e r S i x : C o n c l u s i o n
Chapter Six : Conclusion
The Lungi of Rohitpur is famous in all over the country. However, it is now at the diminishing
stage. The barriers identified in this study are the main cause for the situation. More over some
businessperson and Tatiees are also responsible. They are marketing low quality products using
the label of this famous product. It destroys the believe of the users. An overall infrastructural
development as well as financial support can make this industry alive. Not a desktop planning
approach, but a participatory planning approach is very much needed to run this industry towards
its own way and bring the fame of the Lungi of Rohitpur.
14

References
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 1991; Community Series : Dhaka Zila, Ministry of Planning,
Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, April 1993.
http://www.answers.com/library/Dictionary-cid-967628726 (Accessed October 20, 2006)

Appendix: A
Questionnaire for Field Survey
1. Household Information:
a. Name of the respondent (Mainly household head)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Address :
Village : …………………………. Post Office : …………………………….
Upazila : ………………………… District : …………………………….
c. Residence type: Own Rented
2. Information of the household members:
Sl.
No.
Age Sex Education
Primary
Occupation
Secondary
Occupations
Monthly Income
Primary Secondary Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Code : Sl. no.:1= Respondent, 2 = Next one, 3,4,5……….
Sex : 1 = Male, 2 = Female
Education : 1= Primary, 2= Secondary, 3= Higher Secondary, 4= Degree and Above
5= Illiterate
3. Expenditure:
Household expenditure:
Source of Expenditure Expenditure in tk.
Food
Cloth
Education
Health
Others
Information about Tat industry:
4. How many days are you engaging with this industry?
o ………. Years
o Hereditical
5. Information about Tat:
Numberof
Tat
No.ofHHworkers
No.ofemployed
workers
Num.of‘Thans’
producedperday
Producingcost
foreach‘Than’
Wholesaleprice
ofeach‘Than’
Consumerprice
ofeach‘Than’
ID No.: ……… Date: ………………

6.a. What is the type of Tat industry for this region?
o Occasional
o Whole Year
6.b. If Tat industry is occasional, which occasions are production period?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6.c. If Tat industry is not occasional, which months are peak period?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. How much money do you need to spend for management of Tat per month?
Tk. …………… only.
8. Loan:
a. Do you have any debt?
o Yes
o No
b. If yes, then
Source of Loan
Amount
(in tk.)
Year Interest Duration Purpose
9. Savings:
a. Do you any savings?
o Yes
o No
b. If yes, amount of money saved per month:
10. Organizational involvement:
a. Are you engaged in / incorporated with any NGO?
o Yes
o No
b. If yes, what are the names of those organizations?
………………………………………………………………………………………
c. If yes, what type of assistance do you get from those organizations?
o Micro-credit
o Health assistance
o Education
o Sanitation
o Housing
11. Migration:
i) In-Migration:
a.: Are you migrated here?

o Yes
o No
b.: If yes, fill the following table:
Previous Place Year of Migration Reasons for Migration
ii) Out-Migration:
c: Has any household member migrated for another place?
o Yes
o No
d: If yes fill the following table:
Place of Migration Year of Migration Reasons for Migration
Problems:
12. What are the barriers for the growth and development of Tat industries in these areas?
o Raw materials are not easily available
o High price of raw materials
o High labor wage
o Lack of proper transport system
o Lack of proper information system
o Low profit
o Large variation between wholesale price and retail price
13. Do you expect any support to improve your business? Yes No
If yes, then what type of support do you want?
a) ………………………………………
b) ………………………………………
c) ………………………………………
14. Any other opinion :
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
Signature of the surveyor

Appendix: B
Population projection
Population projection for the year 2006 for the study area has been computed by using the
following formula –
Pn = P0 (1 + r)n
Where
Pn = Projected population of the year 2006
P0 = Population of 1991 census
r = Annual population growth rate
n = 15

201442087 6959462-study-on-cottage-industry

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