2. Citazione raccomandata
Se non altrimenti citato, il materiale è tratto dal corso:
MIT OpenCourseWare | Sloan School of Management |
15.351 Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship,
Spring 2008
Prof. Fiona Murray, course materials for 15. 351
Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Spring
2008,
MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu),
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on 24 January 2009.
2
3. Contenuti
! Definizione di Innovazione;
Innovazione
! Introduzione al corso “Innovazione &
Imprenditorialità”
3
4. Definizione di
Invenzione e Innovazione
Invention: An object, process, or technique which
displays an element of novelty.
Innovation (Classic definitions - Wikipedia) include:
the act of introducing something new: something
quot;
newly introduced (The American Heritage
Dictionary).
the successful exploitation of new ideas
quot;
(Department of Trade and Industry, UK).
a creative idea that is realized (Frans Johansson,
quot;
Harvard Business School Press, 2004)
4
5. Definizioni di Innovazione
Innovazione: “mezzo per produrre, assimilare e
sfruttare con successo la novità nei settori economici e
sociale” (UE,COM 2003,112, Bruxelles, 11.3.2003).
Innovazione: “il rinnovo e l’ampliamento della gamma
dei prodotti e dei servizi, nonché dei mercati ad essi
associati; l’attuazione di nuovi metodi di produzione,
d’approvvigionamento e di distribuzione, l’introduzione
di mutamenti nella gestione nell’organizzazione e nelle
condizioni di lavoro nonché nelle qualifiche dei
lavoratori” (Successiva definizione UE).
5
6. Innovazione_Definizione 2
Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that
can be completely new or an enhancement to
something that already exists; it is a refreshing
perspective that will challenge many who just
cannot see beyond what their own experience is
telling them to think or do.
Innovazione è qualcosa di nuovo che aggiunge
valore; creatività è qualcosa di nuovo.
Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation”
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7. Innovazioni Indotte
! Innovations respond to need and economic conditions.
Inventors, investors, and researchers put effort into
solving burning problems, and that leads to
innovations.
• Labor shortages led to mechanized equipment.
• Drought conditions led to improved irrigation.
• Energy crises led to higher efficiency cars.
• Farmers’ cooperatives were established during
periods of excessive low farm prices.
! Environmental regulations trigger cleaner technologies
(es. Supply Chain Verde).
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8. Fonte dell’Innovazione
The “functional” source of innovation depends upon the
functional relationship between innovator and innovation:
quot; An Innovation is anything new that is actually used
(“enters the marketplace”) – whether major or
minor.
quot; An innovation is a USER innovation when the
developer expects to benefit by USING it;
quot; An innovation is a MANUFACTURER innovation when
the developer expects to benefit by SELLING it.
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9. Tipi di Innovatori
! In the past most innovations were introduced by practitioners.
Even now practitioners are important innovators. They
identify a way to meet needs.
! The scientific discoveries of the late 19th century gave rise to
science-based innovations (Edison, Bell, Marconi).
! Major companies (IBM, Sony, Bell, Kodak, GM) built their own
research labs.
! Public sector labs made important environmental discoveries.
! Universities and start-up companies are becoming major
sources of new innovations.
! The ownership of a technology and leadership in its
applications move between organizations over time.
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10. Che cosa fanno gli Innovatori
! Collegano l’incollegabile
! Sognano, Sognano, Sognano
! Vedono oltre ciò che è visibile
! Aspettano l’inaspettabile
! Gradiscono le contraddizioni, rifuggono dalla coerenza
! Memento: Gli esperimenti non falliscono mai, la
mente/ le idee sì.
Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation”
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11. Divisione del Lavoro
! Basic research: Gain more comprehensive knowledge
or understanding of the subject under study, without
specific applications in mind. Conventionally
conducted by universities.
! Applied research: Apply knowledge. Often conducted
by industries.
! Educational-industrial complex: University research
has led to the creation of new firms and even
industries, brought old ones down, and, in general,
profoundly impacted rates of innovation in the larger
economy.
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12. La “vera” Innovazione
! La vera Innovazione inizia all’intersezione tra
invenzione e intuito
! Fonde nuovi sviluppi e nuovi approcci per risolvere
problemi reali
! Genera significativo valore per la società o il business:
Crea nuove industrie
!
Sprona produttività e crescita economica
!
Alimenta creazione di benessere e profitti
!
Genera lavori ad alto-valore
!
Alza gli standard di vita
!
Stephen W.Brian, GPE, IBM Asia Pacific, 2004
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13. Categorie di Innovazione
Wheelem & Hunger 2008
Categorie di Innovazione
Nuove
3 4
Sviluppo nuove Cambiamento
Organizzative
Capacità Rivoluzionario
Capacità
1 2
Miglioramento Sfruttare Van-
Core Business taggi Strategici
Esistenti
Limitato Illimitato
Ambito Strategico
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14. L’Innovazione che conta
Innovazione di Prodotto Innovazione di Servizio
Innovazione di Prodotto Innovazione di Servizio
Innovazione nei processi di Business
Innovazione nei processi di Business
Innovazione nel modello di Business
Innovazione nel modello di Business
Innovazione nei processi di management e nella cultura az.le
Innovazione nei processi di management e nella cultura az.le
Innovazione nella infrastruttura ICT
Innovazione nella infrastruttura ICT
Innovazione nella gestione del Capitale Umano
Innovazione nella gestione del Capitale Umano
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15. Expanding the Innovation Horizon
To create something of value,
the imagination must soar,
unfettered, it must fly like a bird
in search of new horizons.
15
16. How to be an Innovative Organization
• Create a Strategic Vision
• Establish Innovation as a Priority
• Create Organizational Structures
that Promote Collaboration
• Establish Processes to Convert
Ideas to Innovations
• Allocate Resources
• Train Workforce on Creativity Tools
• Measure & Communicate Results
• Recognize Creative Behavior
• Reward Innovative Results
Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation”
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17. Innovazione Tecnologica
Innovation is the entire process by which an organization
generates creative new technological ideas (invention) and
converts them into novel, useful and viable commercial
products, services, and business practices for (potential)
economic gain (A Working Definition)
Who Cares?
Top managers & entrepreneurs -“competitive advantage
quot;
lies in the ability to create an economy driven not by cost
efficiencies but by ideas and intellectual know-how”(HBR
2007)
National Leaders -“economic growth comes from
quot;
effectively linking the twin powers of the competitive market
& the scientific method”(Romer, 2004)
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19. Obiettivi del Corso
“Innovazione & Imprenditorialità”
Provide the industrial & strategic context for
managing technological innovation (Introduzione)
Analyze the foundations you need to design & build
teams, organizations & strategies that are more
effective at technological innovation (MODULES 1-3)
Focus on how these challenges arise in established
firms facing “disruption”(MODULE 4)
Provide knowledge & skills to go into a firm and
diagnoseits innovation challenges & to organize your
own innovative projects (iTeams, eLab, 100k)
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