Glyn moody commons versus openness - berlin commons conference

openness & the commons
glyn moody

the GPL commons
free software commons
open by definition
actually several disjoint commons
community norms defined by licences
biggest is defined by GNU GPL and compatible licences
licence most frequently chosen by businesses based around open source

enclosing the GPL commons
most open source business use dual licensing
own the copyright to all the code
alongside GPL licence, offer ”commercial” licence
this creates an asymmetry
only the company can offer such a commercial licence
only the company can enclose the GPL commons

policing the GPL commons
recently, communities have started forking
MySQL forked as Drizzle and MariaDB
OpenOffice.org forked to become LibreOffice
copyright of contributions remains with coders
policed by community

the Wikipedia commons
strong sense of community
open to all, but has some strict rules: NPOV and Assume Good Faith
policed by the community, enforced by senior members
twin threats of too open and too controlled
issues of sustainability

open content commons
digital content: commons with enclosures
actually very open: enclosures have ”porous” perimeters
physical policing ineffectual in digital world
virtual policing with *legal* code
HADOPI, Digital Economy Act, ACTA

open educational commons
open courseware - MIT OCW; cc-nc, monolithic
OER: Moodle, Chamilo, Sakai
weak openness, weak commons
Connexions (Rice) – modular,cc-by
National Digital Resource Bank (UK)
cc materials
(re-used) open source code

open access commons
open online access to academic papers
main problem not enclosure but squatters on the commons
publishers claiming to be open access, but imposing conditions like user names,passwords etc.
policed by the community via reputation

open data commons
licences – PDDL, ODC-By, ODC-ODbL
open data popular – low-hanging fruit for open government
too much openness?
personal info about politicians
aggregating anonymous data can sometimes reveal unexpected/personal information
hard to predict/police

open science commons
open access, open data, open notebook science
Science Commons (cf. Creative Commons): patents, MTA
problem of rivals pre-empting discoveries using public data
policed by the relevant community
Human Genome Project drew up Bermuda Principles 1996
worked well

open personal genomics
genomic databases (digital)
cost of sequencing DNA plummeting
OpenPCR project
biobanks
DNA samples, necessarily linked to people's identity
Personal Genome Project – 100,000 genomes from volunteers
perhaps genomic privacy is illusory/irrelevant (cf. Facebook)

open synthetic biology
analogue DNA units can create modular parts: synthetic biology
enclosure a real threat
BiOS (Biological Innovation through Open Science): ”protected commons” - like Apache licence
royalty-free licence to patents
problems of openness
” bugs” in the code; accidental release; bioweapons

open hardware commons (1)
Arduino
hardware reference designs under CC licence
software released under GPL
99.9% open: ”Arduino” name is only for offical products
trademark issues
Freeduino fork for 100% freedom
minimal policing by company/community

open source car
OSCar
c,mm,n
Open Source Green Vehicle (OSGV)
digital designs freely available under open licences
crucial constraint on openness is safety
policed by regulatory authorities

fabbers (3D printers)
MakerBot Thing-O-Matic Kit; Fab@Home; RepRap
shared digital files for analogue objects
Thingiverse.com: mainly GPL, cc
safety is a constraint
what happens when you can print guns etc.?

problems of openness
attacks (copyright, patents, ACTA)
equilibrium (anarchy/authority)
impersonation (false community)
introversion (community failure)
intrusion (privacy/aggregation)
occlusion (false reputation)
safety (accidental harm)
security (intentional harm)

between the commons
[email_address] @glynmoody on identi.ca/Twitter opendotdotdot.blogspot.com

Glyn moody commons versus openness - berlin commons conference

by glynmoody on Nov 08, 2010

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