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SURVEILLANCE AND NOTIFICATION OF DISEASES

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Dr Ghaiath Hussein
Dr Ghaiath Hussein
1 of 69
SURVEILLANCE AND NOTIFICATION OF DISEASES Ghaiath M.A. Hussein MBBS, MHSc. (Bioethics)
Outline of presentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
What is an epidemiological surveillance system? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Surveillance: General principle Health Care System Public Health Authority Data Information Decision Action Feedback Reporting Evaluation Analysis & Interpretation Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
“ Public Health Surveillance” Ghaiath Page 5 of 19 ,[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Task oriented approach to Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control P P P P P P I I C World Health Organisation Regional Offices + HQ P = peripheral level I = intermediate level C = central Level Detect Treat Report ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Analysis and feedback Support Policy and targets Funding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Elements of Surveillance Ghaiath Page 7 of 19 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Components of Public Health Practice Ghaiath Page 8 of 19 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Purposes of Public Health Surveillance Data Ghaiath Page 9 of 19 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Comparing the number of confirmed dengue fever cases by International weeks 2006-2009 Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Confirmed dengue fever cases up to 31st International week 2006-2009 Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Steps in Planning Surveillance 1. Establish objectives 2. Develop case definitions 3. Develop data collection system 4. Develop data collection instruments 5. Field test methods 6. Develop data analysis approach 7. Determine dissemination mechanism 8. Determine evaluation method Page 13 of 24 Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Which condition to surveillance? Page 14 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Elements of a Case Definition Page 15 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Data Collection Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Determining Data Collection Systems Page 17 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Types of Data Collection Systems Page 18 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Passive Systems Page 19 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Active Systems Page 20 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Uses of Limited Surveillance Systems Page 21 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 22 of 27 Sentinel Surveillance ,[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 23 of 27 Sentinel refers to ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 24 of 27 Sentinel Sites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 25 of 27 Role of Sentinel Sites ,[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Analysis and Interpretation of surveillance data Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Considerations in Analysis of Surveillance Data Ghaiath Page 27 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Key Concepts that Determine Accuracy of Surveillance Data Reliability : Is a particular condition reported consistently by different observers? Validity : Does the particular condition as reported reflect the true condition as it occurs? Ghaiath Page 28 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Basic Epidemiological Parameters Ghaiath Page 29 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Data Analysis by Time Ghaiath Page 30 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 31 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 32 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 33 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 34 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Data Analysis by Place Ghaiath Page 35 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 36 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Data Analysis by Person Ghaiath Page 37 of 79 Possible variables: age gender race or ethnicity marital status occupation levels of income and education Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Interactions Among Time, Place, and Person Ghaiath Page 38 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Why Interpret and Disseminate Information? Page 39 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Interpretation of Information Page 40 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Considerations for Dissemination Page 41 of 24 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Steps in Dissemination Ghaiath Page 42 of 79 1. Use visual displays to convey structure of data and analyses 2. Transform data mathematically to simplify distribution 3. Investigate influence of outliers 4. Examine residuals Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 43 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 44 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 45 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 46 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Purpose of Graphics Ghaiath Page 47 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Tables Ghaiath Page 48 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Guidelines for Developing a Table Ghaiath Page 49 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 50 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
بيان بعدد المواقع المستكشفة ليرقات البعوض والعدد الإيجابي بمكة المكرمة خلال شهري يناير وفبراير 2009 م اليرقات الأخرى عدد يرقات الأيدس إيجبتاي ا لأماكن الإيجابية لليرقــــات المواقـــــع المستكشفة الأسبوع الوبائي الشهـــــــر ط 1 ط 2 ط 1 ط 2 ط 3 + ط 4 ط 1 + ط 2 357 254 547 110 25 770 1 يناير 567 133 421 87 43 926 2 510 168 296 193 45 841 3 216 95 530 264 40 819 4 302 110 610 329 54 956 5 145 24 608 128 55 884 6 فبراير 646 312 599 305 13 1038 7 331 231 456 163 83 876 8 275 151 328 204 57 1118 9
Graphs Ghaiath Page 52 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Guidelines in Developing Graphs Ghaiath Page 53 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 54 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 55 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 56 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 57 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 58 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 59 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Maps Ghaiath Page 60 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
[object Object],[object Object]
Limitations in Data Ghaiath Page 62 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Considerations for Interpreting Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ghaiath Page 63 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Interpretive Uses for Surveillance Data Ghaiath Page 64 of 79 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 65 of 27 Limitations of Reporting Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],* If consistent surveillance methods are used, data will describe trends despite under reporting Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 66 of 27 Factors Contributing to Incomplete Reporting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Ghaiath Page 67 of 27 Strengths of Reporting System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
Discussion… (Qs & As) Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
references ,[object Object],Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)

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SURVEILLANCE AND NOTIFICATION OF DISEASES

  • 1. SURVEILLANCE AND NOTIFICATION OF DISEASES Ghaiath M.A. Hussein MBBS, MHSc. (Bioethics)
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Surveillance: General principle Health Care System Public Health Authority Data Information Decision Action Feedback Reporting Evaluation Analysis & Interpretation Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Comparing the number of confirmed dengue fever cases by International weeks 2006-2009 Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 11. Confirmed dengue fever cases up to 31st International week 2006-2009 Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 12.
  • 13. Steps in Planning Surveillance 1. Establish objectives 2. Develop case definitions 3. Develop data collection system 4. Develop data collection instruments 5. Field test methods 6. Develop data analysis approach 7. Determine dissemination mechanism 8. Determine evaluation method Page 13 of 24 Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Data Collection Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Analysis and Interpretation of surveillance data Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 27.
  • 28. Key Concepts that Determine Accuracy of Surveillance Data Reliability : Is a particular condition reported consistently by different observers? Validity : Does the particular condition as reported reflect the true condition as it occurs? Ghaiath Page 28 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Ghaiath Page 31 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 32. Ghaiath Page 32 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 33. Ghaiath Page 33 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 34. Ghaiath Page 34 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 35.
  • 36. Ghaiath Page 36 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 37. Data Analysis by Person Ghaiath Page 37 of 79 Possible variables: age gender race or ethnicity marital status occupation levels of income and education Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42. Steps in Dissemination Ghaiath Page 42 of 79 1. Use visual displays to convey structure of data and analyses 2. Transform data mathematically to simplify distribution 3. Investigate influence of outliers 4. Examine residuals Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 43. Ghaiath Page 43 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 44. Ghaiath Page 44 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 45. Ghaiath Page 45 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 46. Ghaiath Page 46 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. Ghaiath Page 50 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 51. بيان بعدد المواقع المستكشفة ليرقات البعوض والعدد الإيجابي بمكة المكرمة خلال شهري يناير وفبراير 2009 م اليرقات الأخرى عدد يرقات الأيدس إيجبتاي ا لأماكن الإيجابية لليرقــــات المواقـــــع المستكشفة الأسبوع الوبائي الشهـــــــر ط 1 ط 2 ط 1 ط 2 ط 3 + ط 4 ط 1 + ط 2 357 254 547 110 25 770 1 يناير 567 133 421 87 43 926 2 510 168 296 193 45 841 3 216 95 530 264 40 819 4 302 110 610 329 54 956 5 145 24 608 128 55 884 6 فبراير 646 312 599 305 13 1038 7 331 231 456 163 83 876 8 275 151 328 204 57 1118 9
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54. Ghaiath Page 54 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 55. Ghaiath Page 55 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 56. Ghaiath Page 56 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 57. Ghaiath Page 57 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 58. Ghaiath Page 58 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 59. Ghaiath Page 59 of 79 Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
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  • 64.
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  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68. Discussion… (Qs & As) Ghaiath Surveillance (JPFCM, Jan. 2010)
  • 69.

Editor's Notes

  1. idiosyncrasy تميز خصوصية