100 Years Chapters 11-12

Biological Sciences building Agronomy, Soil Science and Horticulture building UPCA Auditorium, now D.L. Umali Hall UPCA Student Union, now UPLB Student Union 152

UPCA Agricultural Engineering building, now a building of the UPLB College of Engineering and Agro-industrial Technology (CEAT) Women’s Dormitory UPCA Infirmary, now the UPLB Health Services UPCA Physical Sciences building, now belonging to the College of Arts and Sciences 153

Establishment of the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) I n May 1966, the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education proposed several regional projects to USAID, one of which was the 2006, a total of 409 MS and PhD degree students from Southeast Asian countries have graduated from UPLB through SEARCA establishment of an institute of graduate study and research in scholarships. Most of them occupy leadership positions in their agriculture, possibly at Los Baños.17 This gave birth to the Southeast countries. Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture or SEARCA. Thus, SEARCA was born as a close SEARCA also offered various short-training courses in partner of UPCA, with support from USAID. Dean Umali was agriculture, particularly in the areas of research management, elected concurrent SEARCA Director, and Dr. Gil F. Saguiguit, agribusiness, and regional planning in agriculture and rural Assistant Director on full-time basis.7, 15 development. Research projects on water resource management, high protein crops, biodiversity and natural resource conservation Graduate education program for MS and PhD degrees in various were also undertaken.15 A project on “Social Laboratory” headed disciplines of agriculture became the core activity of SEARCA, starting by a visiting professor from Taiwan (Dr. Chi-wen Chang) became with 13 scholars from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.11 As of an eye-opener in agricultural extension and community development.15 Facade of SEARCA main building 154

SEARCA MS/PhD scholars at UPLB from different countries Library built by SEARCA in 1974, and later donated to UPLB DIRECTORS OF SEARCA THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Dioscoro L. Umali Dr. Jose D. Drilon Dr. Joseph C. Madamba Dr. Fernando A. Bernardo (1967-1971) (1972-1981) (1981-1983) (1984-1987) Dr. Arturo A. Gomez Dr. Percy E. Sajise Dr. Ruben L. Villareal Dr. Arsenio M. Balisacan (1988-1993) (1994-1999) (2000-2002) (2003-present) 155

Creation of the UPLB Graduate School U GRADUATE SCHOOL DIRECTOR AND DEANS THROUGH THE YEARS mali separated the management of the Graduate Program from the Office of the Director of Instruction of UPCA by creating the Office of Graduate Studies and designating Dr. Fernando A. Bernardo as Director of Graduate Studies in 1968. To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of graduate education management in UPLB, Bernardo accomplished the following:11, 14 • Streamlined the graduate school admission procedures and Dr. Fernando A. Bernardo Dr. Faustino T. Orillo Dr. Obdulia F. Sison Director Dean Acting Dean filing system (1970-1973) (1973-1979) (1978-1979) • Required the creation of Advisory/Guidance Committee for each graduate student, and relaxed the foreign language requirement • Developed the Graduate Faculty Code which the Graduate Faculty approved • Published the “Graduate Catalogue” • Initiated the publication of “Abstract Bibliography of MS and PhD Theses” Dr. Dolores A. Ramirez Dr. Noel G. Mamicpic Dr. Gil G. Divinagracia Dean Dean Dean The number of graduate students rapidly increased from 70 in (1979-1989) (1989-1992) (1992-1995) 1960 to about 270 in 1963, and almost 450, with over 70 foreign graduate students, in 1970.11 On the other hand, the number of Graduate Faculty increased from 58 in 1963 to 188 in 1970. Seventy-one with MS degrees were not yet members of the Graduate Faculty in 1970.18 Dr. Ann Inez N. Gironella Dr. Rita P. Laude Dean Dean (1995-1998) (1998-2003) Dr. Evamarie P. Capareda Dr. Ernesto V. Carpio Dean Dean (2003-2005) (2005-present) The UPLB Graduate School 156

Breakthroughs in Research and National Awards P rofessor Jose Deanon, in 1963, gained the distinct honor of being the first UPCA alumnus to win the Ten Outstanding Young TEN OUTSTANDING YOUNG MEN (TOYM) AWARDEES AND OTHER HONOREES DURING Men (TOYM) of the Philippines award given by the Philippine Junior Chamber of Commerce (JAYCEE). Deanon was honored UMALI’S TERM with the TOYM award because of his outstanding work in agricultural extension, particularly the promotion of bush sitao, an early maturing, Jose Deanon high-yielding dwarf variety of string beans that did not need trellises TOYM-Horticulture (1963) to grow. Dr. Ricardo M. Lantican also won the coveted TOYM award in 1968 for producing outstanding varieties of peanut, mungbean and soybeans. Dr. Edwin G. Wagelie who pioneered in massive buffalo semen freezing and artificial insemination also received the TOYM award in 1969.7 These were just three examples of the faculty’s outstanding achievements in research and extension that merited the TOYM award. Dr. Pedro B. Escuro received the Pro Patria Award from Fernando A. Bernardo Feliciano B. Calora Ricardo M. Lantican President Ferdinand Marcos for developing C-4, a high-yielding, TOYM-Genetics (1966) TOYM-Entomology (1967) TOYM-Plant Breeding (1968) good quality rice variety that played a key role in the Green Revolution. Many outstanding research outputs of UPCA in the 1960s were disseminated to farmers and end-users. High-yielding variety of potato Photo below shows large and plump tubers of a Gineke variety (right) Edwin G. Wagelie Gelia T. Castillo Pedro B. Escuro harvested in Los Baños as compared TOYM-Animal Breeding TOYW-Rural Sociology Pro Patria Award with two other varieties. (1969) (1968) Rice Breeding (1969) Immersion of bananas in mycostatin solution prevents rotting and delays ripening for 25 days. Photo shows plant pathologists examining bananas treated with mycostatin. 157

Two tomato lines (VC48-1 and VC11-1) proved to be resistant to bacterial wilt, early maturing, resistant to heat, and yield 10 to 15 tons/hectare. Laguna Governor F. San Luis and College officials touring fields planted to Bush sitao in Linga, Pila, Laguna. From left to right: Romeo Dizon, Dr. H. von Oppenfeld, Dean D. L. Umali, farm owner Manuel San Mateo, Gov. San Luis and A.F. Ventura. UPCA at the Helm of the National Rice and Corn Program: The Country Exported Rice for the First Time in History U mali’s appointment as Undersecretary of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR) in May 1966, a Umali assigned Dr. Virgilio R. Carangal as DANR’s position he held concurrently as Dean, reinforced the ties between Director of the Intensified UPCA on one hand and DANR and the President’s Office on the Corn Production Program.10 other.16, 17 As DANR Undersecretary, Umali became more effective Carangal promoted the use of in redirecting and coordinating agricultural development programs synthetic varieties (UPCA Var in the country. He organized the Rice and Corn Production 2, 3 and 4 which yielded 12- Coordinating Council (RCPCC), a multi-agency organization with 13% more than the hybrid representatives from banks and the private sector, including seed check) and downy-mildew- producers. resistant varieties (DMR 1, 2, and 5).17 As a consequence, The cooperative rice production program under Umali used corn production in the Dr. Virgilio R. Carangal Director, Intensified Corn modern rice varieties (IR8, C4-63 and BPI-76) and promoted Philippines doubled. Producrion Program judicious use of fertilizers. Applied rice research and extension mini-kits were launched by the College in cooperation with DANR But Umali’s outstanding services to the Philippines had to come and IRRI. All this dramatically increased rice production, and for to an end in 1970, as the Director General of FAO of United the first time in history, the Philippines became self-sufficient in rice in Nations courted him to accept the position of FAO Assistant 1968, and exported rice in 1969. Director General for Asia and the Pacific. 158

Legend 1. UPCA Administration 19. Baker Memorial Hall 37. UPCO Staff Housing 2. Department of Agricultural Information & Communication (DAIC) 20. Department of Agricultural Engineering 38. UPCA Staff Housing 3. Agricultural Credit & Cooperatives Institute 21. Physical Plant Services 39. SEARCA Staff Housing 4. Department of Agricultural Economics 22. Department of Agronomy (old building) 40. IRRI 5. Department of Agricultural Education 23. Agronomy & Soil Science Departments 41. Forestry Administration 6. UPCA Biological Sciences 24. Department of Food Science and Technology 42. Wood Science 7. UPCA Library 25. Department of Animal Husbandry 43. Wood Technology 8. Old Administration 26. Division of Dairy Husbandry 44. Forestry Information 9. PACD Community Training Center 27. Dairy Training & Research Institute (DTRI) 45. Forestry Dormitories 10. International House 28. Division of Poultry Science 46. Forestry Staff Housing 11. UPCA Physical Sciences 29. Continuing Education Center 47. Forest Products & Research Institute 12. Department of Agricultural Chemistry (old building) 30. Men’s Dormitories 48. Makiling Botanic Garden 13. Department of Agricultural Engineering (old building) 31. Women’s Dormitories 14. Rural High School 32. SEARCA Dormitory 15. Makiling School 33. ROTC 16. Department of Home Technology 34. UPLB Infirmary 17. UPCA Auditorium 35. College Country Club 18. UPCA Student Union 36. IRRI Staff Housing 159

Students held rallies and demonstrations against the establishment

11 Chapter Years of Instability 1970-1972 Bulatlat.com

I n January 1970, Dr. Umali resigned as Dean and recommended the appointment of Dr. Faustino T. Orillo, In June 1971, Dr. Umali took a leave of absence to prepare for the position of Assistant Director Director of Research, as Dean of the College.10 Dr. General of FAO for Asia and the Far East, and FAO Orillo obtained the BSA degree (magna cum laude) from Regional Representative. He then designated Dr. UPCA in 1944, and the MS and PhD (Mycology) Domingo M. Lantican, UPCF Dean, as OIC of the degrees from Harvard University. Office of Vice-President for UPLB.12 Proposed Phasing Out of Vice-President for UPLB I n the July 29, 1971 meeting of the UP Board of Regents, Dean Lantican’s designation as OIC of the Office of Vice-President for the retention of the Office of Vice-President for Los Baños with a long justification. He also asked for more time for his committee to UPLB was not confirmed. “The Board designated Regent Abel L. submit a plan for granting greater autonomy to UPLB. Silva (BSA ’36) as Chairman and the deans of the colleges of agriculture and forestry as members of a Committee of the Board to After listening to Regent Silva’s report, the Board approved look into the operations of the Los Baños units and to study the the interim appointment of Lantican as OIC of the Office of the phasing out of the Office of the Vice-President for UP Los Baños.”1 Vice President, but deferred a decision on the retention of the Office of Vice-President for UPLB.2 In the next BOR meeting (August 1971), Regent Silva presented the initial report of his committee and strongly recommended Proposed UPLB Development Plans for the 1970s O n September 21, 1971, the Committee on Planning and Development headed by Dr. Fernando A. Bernardo submitted to The Committee also proposed the creation of positions for a UPLB Director for Academic Programs, and in lieu of the Vice- Dr. Lantican “UP at Los Baños: Development Goals and Plans President for UP at Los Baños, an Executive Vice-President for Los for the Seventies.”18 Among the Committee’s recommendations Baños with sufficient authority over administrative and fiscal matters were the establishment of: in a decentralized university management system.18 • A Center for Development Studies A year passed and things remained in limbo at UPLB because • A Center for Environmental Research of the instability of the leadership structure and the uncertainty of the • A College of Basic Sciences and Humanities with a few future under the current UP dispensation. baccalaureate degree programs, but numerous graduate programs in biological and physical sciences to harness existing strengths (the presence of many PhD degree holders) 162

UPLB’s Movement for Independence T he years 1970 to 1972 were unstable if not turbulent years in the Philippines. Opposition against the current regime was gaining A. Academic Problems 1. Disapproval of several curricular proposals from Los strength. The New People’s Army (NPA) was very active, labor Baños that were within the operational areas of the union strikes and student demonstrations in Manila and Diliman College of Arts and Sciences in Diliman. were frequent. UPLB students staged a 13-day strike.11 They 2. The UPLB Graduate Faculty Code that UPCA and barricaded the UPLB gate, and later on, also barricaded the UPCF faculties approved was denied approval in national highway at Crossing, which created a very long traffic jam. UP Diliman because “it is better to have only one They were demonstrating against many government policies and the Graduate Faculty Code for the whole UP.” But in spiraling price of gasoline. truth, UP Diliman had no Graduate Faculty Code Late in 1971, President Ferdinand E. Marcos suspended the and never had one. writ of habeas corpus. Then on September 21, 1972, he declared B. Administrative Problems Martial Law. He abolished Congress and began issuing Letters of 1. Salary ranges for division chiefs, secretaries, clerks, Instruction and Presidential Decrees which were respected by the security guards, and janitors outside UP Diliman were courts and law-enforcing bodies. at least one range lower than those in Diliman. The “Young Turks” in UPLB led by Dr. Bernardo saw the 2. Appointment papers involving salaries above P4,200/ opportunity for UPLB to secede from UP Diliman because of many year and applications for study leave, special unfair and unjust treatments. Some of the issues were the following: 18 details, and travel abroad were still processed in Diliman. 3. Purchases, repairs, and constructions worth more than P10,000 were subject to approval in Diliman. THEY SUPPORTED THE IDEA OF CREATING AN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PATTERNED AFTER THOSE IN THE NETHERLANDS, JAPAN AND INDIA Jose D. Drilon Arturo Tanco Onofre D. Corpuz SEARCA Director DANR Secretary Chairman, Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education 163

C. Fiscal Problems Because of all the above unfair treatments from UP Diliman, 1. UP Diliman taxed UPLB heavily. In 1969-70 alone, the UPLB activists drafted a Presidential Decree for seceding from UP Diliman withheld a substantial part (P957,000) UP and converting UPLB units to an agricultural university with its of UPLB’s budget although fully released by the own Board of Regents and President, similar to agricultural universities Budget Commission through UP Diliman. in Holland, Japan and India that included agriculture, veterinary medicine, forestry, fisheries, engineering, food science and technology, 2. UP imposed 15% overhead charge to 12 revolving and home economics. funds in Los Baños, although such funds do not entail overhead costs to central administration in Diliman. J. D. Drilon, Director of SEARCA, and Arturo Tanco, In 1969-71 alone, P179,086 from gross receipts of Secretary of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources revolving funds of UPCA and DTRI went to UP (DANR), supported the idea of creating an agricultural university. central administration. The draft PD was sent to President Marcos on October 14, 1972. Lopez Maneuvers to Keep UPLB Under UP S. P. Lopez, President of UP, strongly objected to the secession of UPLB from UP. Long letters of arguments were sent to President But S. P. Lopez was a smart diplomat. He did the following: • Announced to all and sundry his plan of granting UP Los Marcos. Regent Silva had counter arguments sent to Education Baños autonomy, with its own Chancellor, following the Secretary and UP Board of Regents Chairman Juan Manuel. In his California university system model 16 letter, Silva mentioned that Dr. O. D. Corpuz, Chairman of the • Discussed the matter with Secretary Tangco, and offered Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE), to make the Secretary of Agriculture a member of the UP supported the idea of creating an agricultural university which, Board of Regents 3 according to Corpuz, “could help achieve the goals of the New • Held a series of meetings with UPLB administrators – mi- Society in agrarian reform and in agricultural and rural development.” nus the young activists – to convince them to accept the adoption of the California university system model which, Silva batted for UPLB as “a separate university – whatever is in effect, would transform UP into a University of the the name – with a separate Board of Regents so that it can be given Philippines System with autonomous campuses 13, 14 the freedom to grow and chart its course in accordance with the pressing needs of a developing country.”14 164

Bernardo, as Secretary of Silva’s Committee, conducted an On November 16, 1972, the Abel Silva Committee submitted opinion survey of Los Baños faculty members on different alternatives its final report to the UP Board of Regents. The bottom line was a relative to the future of UPLB. It turned out that there was very little recommendation for establishing UPLB with a separate President support for complete independence with a separate Board of under a common Board of Regents (New York university system) Regents. But 244 or 64.21% of the faculty voted for independence “not only because it is the choice of the faculty, but also because of under regental jurisdiction like the New York university system, with its simplicity and inherent provisions for maximum autonomy.”14 UPLB keeping its name but with its own President under a common UP Board of Regents. Some 112 or 29.47% of the faculty voted for autonomy with a Chancellor as head under the UP President and the UP Board of Regents.14 Abel L. Silva, member of the UP President Salvador P. Lopez UP Board of Regents, fought provided a compromise (UPLB as for UPLB’s independence under an autonomous campus) to thwart a common Board of Regents UPLB’s movement for complete independence from UP Diliman. P.D. No. 58 Grants UPLB Full and Complete Autonomy O n November 20, 1972, President Marcos signed In the December 21, 1972 meeting of the Board, the BOR Presidential Decree No. 58 “Constituting the University of the Resolution on the University of the Philippines System was taken Philippines at Los Baños, granting it full and complete autonomy, up. The Resolution spelled out the power and authorities of the and amending the Charter of the University of the Philippines.” Chancellor over administrative and fiscal matters. 3 P. D. No. 58 required the Board of Regents to “take appropriate The Board, in another meeting, approved the creation of a steps to ensure that the establishment of the autonomous University College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, and the Graduate School of the Philippines at Los Baños shall aim at the speedy realization of in UPLB effective the second semester of 1972-1973. 17 the goals above indicated.” P. D. No. 58 also reconstituted the BOR to include as members the Undersecretary of Agriculture and the Chancellor of the autonomous university. 3 165

Birth of the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research (PCAR) M artial Law was conducive to change for the better, and support from NSDB, DANR, and a Ford Foundation grant of UPLB professors took advantage of the opportunity. Dr. Joseph C. $108,300, PCAR began undertaking a series of hectic activities: Madamba and others, backed up by Secretary Tangco and NSDB • A series of seminar-workshops on research management Chairman Medina, drafted a Presidential Decree for the consideration • Regional consultations on organizing networks of research of the President. On November 10, 1972, President Marcos signed centers6 P. D. No. 48 Establishing the Philippine Council for Agricultural • Human resource development for national and regional Research.4 research centers • Scientific literature service linked with the Agricultural Dr. Madamba was appointed PCAR Director General. Information Bank of Asia (AIBA) in SEARCA Assisting him were Dr. F. A. Bernardo as Deputy Director General • Review of about 1,100 on-going research projects for Programs and Operations and Mr. Francisco B. Tetangco as reported by various agencies. As a result of this evaluation Deputy Director General for Station Development.5 process through the PCAR mechanism, PCAR saved the Philippine Government P18.7 million in 1973.7 The UPLB extended full support to PCAR, which was housed first Budget Commission was so impressed that it allocated at the Student Union and later at the International House. With initial P5,000,000 for the construction of PCAR’s headquarters at the Los Baños Economic Garden. The Philippine Council for Agricultural Research headquarters at the BPI Economic Garden in Los Baños Victor Oro 166

PCAR later evolved to become the Philippine Council for • Human resource development through PCARRD Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and scholarship grants for different members of regional R&D Development (PCARRD). consortia. A recent assessment showed that this program had graduated 776 MS and 214 PhD degree holders. PCARRD, through the years, had numerous outstanding achievements, which may be summarized as follows: Most of them graduated from UPLB. UPLB’s important leadership role in the national R&D system • Establishment of the National R&D Networks, and later may be gleaned from the following facts: 15 • Four out of five Chief Executive Officers of PCARRD on, the Regional Consortia were graduates of UPLB • Development of R&D facilities particularly in key regional • Of the 25 Pantas Awards for Research/Scientists, 17 or consortia institutions with USAID grant funds for 68% were won by UPLB scientists buildings and equipment. Beneficiaries included UPLB, • Of 15 Los Baños Science Community (LBSC) S&T CLSU, MMSU, BSU, ViSCA, CMU and USM. Awards, 7 or 47% were earned by UPLB staff • Strengthening of the Philippine Carabao Program with • Of 13 M.S. Swaminathan Outstanding R&D Awards, 7 UNDP support, which led to the creation of the Philippine or 55% were received by UPLB staff Carabao Center • Of 11 PARRFI R&D Awards, 6 or 55% were won by • Establishment of the Forest Research Institute (FORI) and the Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory UPLB researchers. • Numerous PCARRD-funded researches that led to research breakthroughs and widespread impact Dr. Joseph C. Madamba, the first Director General of PCAR. He conceptualized and competently organized the national agricultural research system, for which he received the TOYM award in 1973. To strengthen the National Research Network (NRN), the Association of Colleges in Agriculture in the Philippines (ACAP) and PCAR agreed to merge the eleven ACAP member-institutions with the NRN. Signing the Memorandum of Agreement in October 1973 were (from left to right) Dr. Fernando A. Bernardo, ACAP President and UPLB-CA Dean; Florencio Medina, NSDB Chairman; and Dr. Joseph C. Madamba, PCAR Director General. 167

1978 PCAR top officials with Director General J. Drilon at the center PCAR/PCARRD DIRECTORS GENERAL/ EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Joseph C. Madamba Dr. Jose D. Drilon Dr. Ramon V. Valmayor Dr. Cledualdo B. Perez Dr. William C. Dar Dr. Patricio S. Faylon (1972-1977) (1978-1981) (1981-1990) (1991-1994) (1994-1998) (1999-present) 168

The 1988 PCARRD Pantas Award won by Dr. Valentino G. Argañosa for his outstanding contributions toward the development of the swine industry. The 2000 PCARRD Tanglaw Award won by the Bureau of The 1996 PCARRD Sinag Award won by the Ilocos Agriculture and Soils and Water Management (BSWM) for its outstanding Resources Research and Development Consortium (ILARRDEC) for contributions in soil and water resource management. its outstanding technology promotion activities in mango, bamboo, Shown above is Dr. Rogelio N. Concepcion, BSWM and cashew. Photo shows Dr. William Medrano, the ILARRDEC Director, receiving the award. Coordinator (3rd from left), receiving the symbolic check for P1 million. 169

Institute of Plant Breeding

Giant Strides as an Autonomous 12 Chapter University Under Samonte 1973-1978 F.A.Bernardo

D r. Abelardo Samonte, the UP Vice-President for Academic Affairs, was appointed the first Chancellor of UP at Los Baños. Dr. Samonte earned the AB (cum laude, 1952) and LlB degrees (1953) from UP; the Master of Public Administration (1955) from Wayne State University, the Master of Arts (1958) and the PhD (1959) degrees from Princeton University. Not knowing anything about agriculture and forestry, he reluctantly accepted the position of Chancellor. Nonetheless, he tried his best to learn and lead UPLB in its national development thrusts. As the first autonomous campus of the University of the Philippines, UPLB had adequate academic freedom but was somewhat wanting in its administrative and fiscal autonomy: 13 • The Chancellor did not have the authority to approve appointments higher than the rank of instructor; and Dr. Abelardo Samonte • The Chancellor could enter into contracts for the acquisition of properties and services only if the amount did not exceed P50,000. Most important is the fact that the UPLB Chancellor and the Undersecretary of Agriculture were members of the UP Board of Regents to represent the interests of national agricultural and rural development. 13 Birth of the College of Basic Sciences and Humanities T he UP Board of Regents, in its 828th meeting on December 21, 1972 gave birth to this College. 13 Conceived in 1970 and born in 1972, this new College was by no means an infant because all its seven departments – Humanities, Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Botany, Zoology, and Life Sciences (genetics, microbiology, systematics, ecology, and environmental management) – came from existing and strong units or departments of the College of Agriculture. Of the original 154 faculty members from UPCA that transferred to the new College, two were professors, six associate professors, 32 assistant professors, 111 instructors, and three assistant instructors. More than 25% had the MS/PhD degrees, and many were pursuing graduate degrees in UPLB and UP Diliman.17 On March 1, 1973, the Board appointed Dr. Edelwina Cu- Legaspi – a humanist – as the first Dean of the new College. College of Basic Sciences and Humanities (1970s) 172

The new College inherited from UPCA the old centrally • Bachelor of Arts in Communication located Library building as its headquarters, the huge three-storey • Learning Resource Center (LRC) that capitalized on building of the Physical Sciences, and a large part of the third wing of resources of the Agricultural and Rural Development the Biological Sciences building. Scholarship Program (ARDS).16 LRC offered campus-wide tutorial classes and UPLB summer bridge program for The new College that evolved in time to become the College incoming freshmen with weak preparations in English, of Arts and Sciences initially put up many interesting programs under Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Dean Legaspi’s leadership: 17 Later, the College offered many undergraduate and graduate • The Integrated Academic Programs in the Sciences (MS/MA and PhD) degree programs, and ultimately attracted large (INTAPS), an honors program that enabled scholars to enrolments in UPLB, most especially in the BS Biology course, BS get a baccalauriat degree a year earlier than the prescribed Computer Science, and BA Communication Arts. period of four years • Offering of two special courses for all students: Science COLLEGE OF BASIC Orientation I and Science Orientation II SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES/ARTS AND SCIENCES DEANS THROUGH THE YEARS Physical Sciences building of the College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Dr. Edelwina C. Legaspi Dr. Percy E. Sajise (1972-1982) (1982-1984) (1985-1991) Dr. Carlito Barril Dr. Pacifico C. Payawal (1991-1994) (1994-2000) F.A.Bernardo Dr. Corazon B. Lamug Dr. Asuncion K. Raymundo (2000-2006) (2006-present) 173

Reorganization and Strengthening of Growth Points in UPLB • T BS Nutrition that attracted many undergraduate students • BS Human Ecology with majors in Family Development, Human Settlements and Planning, and Social Technology he huge College of Agriculture had several big departments, • MS Family Resource Management three of which were identified by Chancellor Samonte as potential • MS Applied Nutrition growth points: 1. Human Ecology INSTITUTE/COLLEGE OF HUMAN ECOLOGY DEANS THROUGH THE YEARS The Department of Home Technology was established in the College of Agriculture in 1955 to train women as partners of men in agricultural and rural development. This department was reorganized and elevated into the Institute of Human Ecology that projected the role of both men and women in addressing the problems of human environment – not only in the home but outside the home as well.14 As an ecologically-oriented unit, the Institute focused on men Dr. Gil F. Dr. Percy E. Dr. Josefa S. and women and their interrelationships with the environment. Saguiguit Sajise Eusebio Dr. Gil F. Saguiguit, Assistant Director of SEARCA, was (1974-1980) (1980-1982) (1982-1987) appointed concurrent Dean of the Institute to give it a boost. Five operational areas were identified: 1 • Human development and population studies • Human nutrition and foods • Resource technology and management • Environmental analysis and management • Development education and community services In time, the Institute evolved to become the College of Dr. Francisco P. Dr. Florentino L. Dr. Ma. Antonia G. Dr. Sue Liza C. Fellizar, Jr. Librero Tuazon Saguiguit Human Ecology offering: 2 (1987-1993) (1993-1999) (1999-2005) (2005-present) Institute/College of Human Ecology (formerly the Department of Entomology building of the College of Agriculture) 174

2. Engineering and technology INSAET later on evolved to become the College of Engineering and Agro-industrial Technology (CEAT). Like the Department of Home Technology, UPCA’s It attracted hundreds of undergraduate students particularly Department of Agricultural Engineering was elevated to in chemical and civil engineering. Many graduated as honor become the Institute of Agricultural Engineering and students and became topnotchers in board examinations. Technology (INSAET) so that it may address pressing In view of its graduates’ high performance in licensure problems beyond agricultural engineering, such as chemical examinations (usually 95-100% passing rates), CEAT was engineering (which included sugar technology), postharvest declared by the Commission on Higher Education handling and storage, and land and water resources in (CHED) as a national center of excellence in agricultural general.6 Dr. Dante B. de Padua (PhD – Michigan State and chemical engineering. University), Chairman of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, was appointed the first Dean of INSAET in Some of CEAT’s significant outputs in R&D are as 1976. follows: 6, 7, 16 • Low-cost copra drier, which can also be used for In 1977, the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation drying peanut, corn, coffee, cassava and fish Center (AMTEC) was created in response to the need • Agricultural machine standards in support of agricultural for an official testing agency for agricultural machinery to mechanization in the Philippines guide farmers, extensionists, researchers, policy makers, • Design of waste water treatment and controlled landfill machinery manufacturers and financial institutions in biogas systems determining the suitability of agricultural machinery under • Design of a full-scale anaerobic digester Philippine conditions. AMTEC became a major unit • Biogas and methane-generation policy recommendations under INSAET. Institute of Engineering and Agro-industrial Technology INSAET/CEAT DEANS THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Dante B. de Dr. Reynaldo M. Dr. Ernesto P. Dr. Silvestre C. Dr. Wilfredo F. Dr. Virgilio G. Dr. Reynaldo I. Dr. Victor B. Padua Lantin Lozada Andales David Gayanilo Acda Ella (Jun-Oct 1976) (1976-1983) (1984-1986) (1986-1987) (1987-1992) (1998-2001) (2002-2005) (2005-present) INSAET Dean INSAET Dean (1992-1998) (1983-1984) CEAT Dean 175

SOME TECHNOLOGIES Drilling Rig Model II – uses light and DEVELOPED AND cheaper materials without sacrificing durability, is portable and user-friendly. PROMOTED BY UPLB ENGINEERS UPLB hand tractor – durable, easy to repair, and low in maintenance costs Shallow tubewell irrigation technology – has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 68% from an initial investment of P43,000 176

3 . Agricultural Development and Administration Dr. Samonte also saw the importance of UPCA’s Department of Agricultural Economics, the Agricultural Credit and Cooperatives Institute (ACCI), and the Agrarian Reform Institute (ARI) as growth points in the area of economics and management. He worked for their integration and consolidation as an Institute of Agricultural Development and Administration (IADA) to serve as a center of College excellence in instruction, research, and extension in Secretary’s agricultural and rural economic development planning and office management. 8, 15 Dr. Pedro Sandoval (PhD in Agricultural Economics) was appointed the first Director of IADA. In 1978, the Institute became the degree-granting College of Development Economics and Management (CDEM), which was later changed to the College of Economics and Management (CEM).8 The College attracted hundreds of students to its Agricultural undergraduate programs, which included BS Agribusiness Economics wing of the and BS Economics. Hundreds also enrolled in its graduate CDEM building programs, which include Master of Management, and MS and PhD in Agricultural Economics.8 CDEM/CEM DEANS THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Pedro R. Sandoval Dr. Tirso B. Paris Dr. Rogelio V. Cuyno Dr. Mario V. Perilla Dr. Salvador P. Catelo Dr. Liborio S. Cabanilla (1975-1986) (1986-1991) (1991-1993) (1997-2000) (2000-2006) (2006-present) (1994-1997) College of Development Economics and Management (now College of Economics and Management) F.A.Bernardo 177

Two other new units organized by the Chancellor Samonte are as follows: 1. Center for Policy and Development Studies Established in June 1974, this Center aimed to develop programs and projects which would cut across the different units in UPLB, and other colleges and universities, concerned with economic development. Dr. Pedro R. Sandoval served as Executive Director of the Center. 2. Museum of Natural History Dr. Pedro R. Sandoval This was approved by the Board of Regents on October 6, 1976 with Professor Juan Pancho as its first Director. The Museum put together many biological collections in the College of Agriculture and the College of Forestry. As of 1996, it has a collection of about 200,000 species of plants and animals, micro-organisms, and other biota that showcased the rich biodiversity of the country.16a Museum of Natural History located at the College of Forestry campus MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY DIRECTORS THROUGH THE YEARS Prof. Juan V. Dr. Ireneo J. Dr. Victor de la Paz Dr. Venus J. Dr. William S. Dr. Augusto C. Dr. Lourdes B. Dr. Stephen G. Dr. Ireneo L. Pancho Dogma, Jr. Gapud Calilung Gruezo Sumalde Cardenas Reyes Lit (1976-1980) (1980-1982) (1982-1985) (1985-1992) (1992-1995) (1995-2001) (2001-2006) (Feb.16- (2006-present) March 1, 2006) 178

Birth of Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center (PHTRC) P ostharvest losses of fruits and vegetables due to over-ripening, decay, mechanical injury, storage pests, shipping Three of the outstanding research outputs of PHTRC are: damages, sprouting, etc. were shown to be as much as 30-40%. In 1. Modified Vapor Heat Treatment (VHT) and view of the importance of postharvest processing, shipping, and Extended Hot Water Dip (EHWD) Protocol as marketing of highly perishable horticultural products, the Association quarantine treatment of mangoes for export. These of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Ministerial meeting in June treatments are required for exported mangoes to be 1976 decided to establish at Los Baños the Postharvest Horticulture acceptable in Japan and China. Training and Research Center (PHTRC) to serve the needs of Southeast 2. Modified Atmosphere Packaging for perishable fruits, Asian countries.4 Since then, the PHTRC, with strong support from vegetables and cutflowers. This involves the use of the Department of Horticulture and initial funding from the ASEAN- polyethylene bags of suitable thickness for packaging to Australian Economic Cooperation Program, has been conducting reduce the oxygen level while carbon dioxide accumulates. formal and non-formal short-training courses for Southeast Asian This method is cheaper than refrigeration. trainees. Many bulletins on proper handling of fruits and vegetables, 3. Minimal range of low temperature requirements of and even ornamentals (e.g., roses) have been published by PHTRC. tropical fruits and vegetables. To prevent chilling Useful research projects on reducing losses during harvesting, injury of tropical fruits and vegetables, the temperature processing, storage, shipping and marketing have been undertaken. range should be 12-15oC. It would also be helpful if the relative humidity is maintained at a range of 85-95%. Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center (PHTRC) near the Food Science and Technology building PHTRC DIRECTORS THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Ernesto B. Dr. Doroteo B. Dr. Ofelia K. Dr. Ma. Concepcion C. Dr. Elda B. Dr. Perlita A. Dr. Edralina P. Pantastico Mendoza Bautista Lizada Esquerra Nuevo Serrano (1977-1985) (1986) (1986-1990) (1990-1993) (1996) (1997-2002) (2002-2006) (1993-1995) 179

Birth of the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) O n June 5, 1975, Presidential Decree 729 established the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) which created a strong bond The Institute under Javier’s leadership adopted the interdisciplinary approach in the genetic improvement of different for all the plant breeders in the College of Agriculture and also drew crop commodities. Each commodity group was composed into its fold seconded staff from closely related or supportive of a plant breeder, a plant pathologist, an entomologist, an disciplines such as genetics, entomology, plant pathology, and plant agronomist, with assistance provided by a geneticist and a physiology.3 plant physiologist. As a team, they collaborated to achieve balanced goals of high yields, resistance to pests, resistance to Dr. Emil Q. Javier, then Associate Professor of the Department drought, high temperature and flooding, and high quality of of Agronomy and Associate Dean of the College of Agriculture, was product. The commodity groups consisted of Cereals, appointed first Director of IPB. Legumes, Vegetables, Fiber Crops, Root Crops, and Forage Crops.3 IPB had many significant outputs in R&D, aside from outstanding varieties of corn.3, 16 IPB Laboratory buildings for interdisciplinary research IPB Laboratory and screen house for research 180

INSTITUTE OF PLANT BREEDING DIRECTORS THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Emil Q. Javier Dr. Ricardo M. Lantican Dr. Ruben L. Villareal Dr. Eufemio T. Rasco (1975-1979) (1979-1984) (1984-1985) (1985-1991) Dr. Rene Rafael C. Espino Dr. Randy A. Hautea Dr. Violeta N. Villegas Dr. Desiree M. Hautea Dr. Jose E. Hernandez (1991-1994) (1994-1997) (1997-2001) (2001-2006) (2006-present) 181

Birth of the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC) T he National Crop Protection Center (NCPC) was created on May 19, 1976 by Presidential Decree 936. The • Trichogramma parasitoids against corn borer, tomato fruitworm, and sugarcane borer. Techniques for mass decree also created a network of seven Regional Crop Protection production and field release have been perfected. Centers under the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) located in Dingras, • Rat control management strategies for rice fields, which Ilocos Norte; Muñoz, Nueva Ecija; Pili, Camarines Sur; Abuyog, included sanitation, proper weeding, synchronized planting, Leyte; Jaro, Iloilo; Malaybalay, Bukidnon; and Tacurong, Sultan in combination with a wide-area use of rodenticides. Kudarat.11 • Integrated pest control package for cotton with the use of resistant varieties, proper time of planting, reduced amount Dr. Fernando F. Sanchez was appointed the first Director of of pesticides, supplemented with biological control like the NCPC. As the concurrent Director of the Rodent Research use of Trichogramma sp. Center (RRC), Dr. Sanchez had no problem integrating RCC • Control of sweet potato weevil with the employment of activities in NCPC programs.4 resistant varieties, timing of planting, hilling up, and crop rotation. NCPC initiated several in-service and non-degree training • Control of potato cyst nematode through biological programs for crop protection technicians and farmers and helped control using Paecilomyces lilacinus, a fungus. in strengthening the Regional Crop Protection Centers. NCPC’s pesticide residue analysis showed that products Among the important pest management systems that NCPC harvested seven days after spraying biodegradable pesticides were promoted were: 9, 10, 11 safe from toxic pesticide residues. National Crop Protection Center 182

Control of Asian Corn Borer with the use of Predatory Earwigs Asian Corn Borer – the most destructive insect pest of corn. Predatory Earwig – release of one earwig/m2 could control Asian corn borer and increase corn yield by more than 50%. NATIONAL CROP PROTECTION CENTER DIRECTORS THROUGH THE YEARS Dr. Fernando F. Sanchez Dr. Romulo G. Davide Dr. Jose R. Medina Dr. Luis Rey I. Velasco Dr. Eliseo P. Cadapan Dr. Susan May F. Calumpang (1976-1982) (1982-1989) (1989-1995) (1995-1999) (1999-2003) (2003-present) 183

Separation of the Department of Horticulture From Agronomy E ven as UPCA gave birth to several institutes and colleges in UPLB, growth within the College of Agriculture continued. Horticulture, which covered fruits, vegetables and ornamentals, as well as plantation crops (e. g., coconut, abaca, cotton, rubber, etc.), was bursting in its seams as a division in the Department of Agronomy. In 1974, the Board of Regents approved the separation of Horticulture from Agronomy as a new department.5, 12 With more than 30 faculty members and about 50 research assistants, the fledgling Department was led by Dr. Edgardo Quisumbing as the first Chairman. The Dr. Edgardo Quisumbing Department had 34 courses taken by about 200 undergraduate and 54 graduate student majors.5 The Department of Horticulture is proud of its many research breakthroughs in fruits, vegetables, industrial crops and ornamentals. These include embryo culture technique for macapuno coconut, bacterial wilt-resistant tomatoes and heat-resistant lowland cabbage, tissue culture of orchids and abaca, development of high tillering, drought and typhoon resistant abaca, and induction of flowering in mango through chemical treatment.5, 16 Department of Horticulture at the third floor of the Agronomy-Soil Science-Horticulture building 184

UP College of Agriculture Wins the 1977 Ramon Magsaysay Award T he Ramon Magsaysay Award, considered as Asia’s equivalent of the Nobel Prize, is the highest and most prestigious honor an individual or organization could ever receive in Asia. In RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARD 1977, this came as the capstone of UPCA’s achievements.12 for Dr. Cledualdo B. Perez, Jr., Dean of the College of Agriculture, received the Award on behalf of UPCA in an appropriate ceremony INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING held at the PhilAm Life Auditorium in Manila. The award included a gold medallion and cash sum of US $10,000. College of Agriculture The 1977 RAMON MAGSAYSAY GOLD MEDALLION AWARD University of the Philippines Los Baños For quality teaching and research fostering modernization of Southeast Asian Agriculture 21 August 1977 Manila Philippines The reverse side of the Gold Medallion Magsaysay awardees are shown with Mrs. Luz B. Magsaysay (fourth from left), widow of the late President: Dean Perez representing UP Los Baños, international understanding; Dr. Fe del Mundo, public service; Ela Bhatt, community leadership; Benjamin Galstaun, government service; Mahesh C. Regmi,communication arts. 185

100 Years Chapters 11-12

by Frank Hilario

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100 Years Chapters 11-12 Document Transcript