2. Recovery and Changes
For Slaves
For previously free African
Americans, women, indigenou
s Americans, and Immigrants
Slavery Abolished
Societal Role Convinced their
undetermined rights must be
incorporated into
new country.
3. THE CHALLENGE
To create a U.S. more connected to the
Constitution than in the Antebellum U.S.
A desire to REMAKE not repair the country.
4. What’s this mean for U.S. as a
whole?
First we should look at the other history and
social ideas happening at the time.
5. For Women- Gender Roles and
Rights
Women recognized Women in the Civil
their status and war took new roles
condition in relation and gained personal
to the enslaved independence, why
blacks, even though would they just go
they were THE back to allowing the
BACKBONE of the fraternity decide
anti-slavery their liberties?
movement.
6. New Territories and Immigration
First Transcontinental Railroad Huge wave of
in 1889.
Asians, blacks, and poor
European immigrants
exploited entered the U.S.
Allowed rural and small towns between 1860-1900
to urbanize (about 14 million).
NYC population
skyrockets from
500,000 in 1850 to
3.5 million in 1900
Chicago- from 20,000
to 2 million
7. Melting Pot Solution?
The answer to this was---- the melting pot
concept but this was more like a “stew
characterized by meat and potatoes, mildly
flavored with a little salt- almost no pepper.
Rice, Yams, and Maize were excluded from
the recipe and the Rice, Yams, and Maize
eaters were allowed only at the table to
serve.” Cultural
interaction
and
assimilation
as a benefit
but in the
process
destroyed
other
cultures
(like Native
Americans).
9. Emancipation: the Plantation
System takes a gut punch
Plantation Owners- 0 Freed Slaves- Score
Individual fortunes Sharecropping
were destroyed Tenant Farming
Happy comfortable
living conditions Inspired by a
uprooted reconfiguration of
Who will feed post-war industrial
us, work our expansion.
land, and take care
of us now?!
10. Free--- now what do we do?!
While some Newly freed slaves had no
freed slaves education, work, skills, or social
gained work
and contacts (or skills). And not much
transitioned has been collected on how many
from slave to
free, many regarded their new found “freedom”.
were just set With nowhere to go- Starvation was
free. And
what common.
happens
then? Many fled plantations and escaped
to Union forces and found
themselves refugees in Contraband
Camps.
12. What’s a Contraband Camp?
By war's
end, approximately
half a million
formerly enslaved
people and other
African American
freedmen had
sought protection
behind Union lines.
These "contraband,"
as they became
known, usually lived
in camps hastily
erected almost
anywhere the army
was stationed.
The camps became
recruitment centers
for African American
troops and workers
willing to dig
trenches, build
fortifications, and aid
13. Slavery Outlawed and the South
Freaks Out Again
Fifteenth Amendment Violated
in a sneaky way
Protecting its
personal interests
with legislation and
white supremacist
ideology.
Discouraging Black
Voters without
technically denying or
violating the right to
vote.
14. Worth Comparing to Current
Events?
15th Amendment violations in
the 1800s Voter ID Laws in the 2000s
Creating laws that required http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/deci
sion2012/pennsylvania-voter-id-law-
people to pay a poll tax enforcement-halted-by-
judge/2012/10/02/bf240ffc-0c9d-11e2-bb5e-
before voting. 492c0d30bff6_story.html
Required people to pass a “PA VOTER ID LAW which required
specific forms of photo identification that
reading or writing test many residents — the number is disputed
before voting. — lack. Lawmakers and new Republican
Gov. Tom Corbett say the changes are
Example: Mississippi had a necessary to combat voter fraud and
sentence or two for restore confidence in the integrity of
elections.
whites, and part of the Civil Rights groups allege that the real
state law for blacks to read purpose of such laws is to suppress
or copy. turnout of poor, urban and minority
voters, who are the most likely to lack
http://chnm.gmu.edu/cours photo IDs. Commonwealth Court Judge
Robert Simpson, who upheld
es/122/recon/code.html Pennsylvania’s law when he first
considered it this summer, ruled Tuesday
that state officials had not made enough
progress in supplying photo IDs for those
15. Black Codes
Illinois Black Code of 1853
extended a complete prohibition
against black immigration into
the state.
South Carolina persons of color
contracting for service were to be
known as 'servants,' and those
with whom they contracted, as
'masters.'
All the slave states passed laws
banning the marriage of whites
and black people, so-called anti-
Black Codes were laws in the United miscegenation laws, as did
States after the Civil War with the several new free states, including
effect of limiting the civil rights and civil Indiana, Illinois and Michigan.
liberties of blacks.
16. The North’s Reaction
Outrage over Black Slave codes
After 1866 the South was put under military rule.
Mass support for abolition, but some still didn’t
believe in equal black rights.
Black men were okay to vote, but not women.
European Immigrants given first dibs in the labor
force.
Leading to the beginning of Segregation and the
early beginnings of the Jim Crow Laws (they
should be free, but I don’t really want to drink from
the same water fountain or sit next to them in a
restaurant, ya know?)
17. Enter Jim Crow Laws and
Segregation
Who’s Jim
• Blacks had little legal recourse
Crow
against these assaults because anyway?
the Jim Crow criminal justice
system was all-white: Jim Crow
police, prosecutors, judges, juri was the
es, and prison officials. name of the
racial caste
• Violence was instrumental for system
Jim Crow. It was a method of which
social control. The most operated
extreme forms of Jim Crow primarily, but
violence were lynchings. not
Almost all of which occurred in exclusively
in southern
Af. American communities.
and border
http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm states, betw
een 1877
and the mid-
18. Plessy vs. Ferguson
The Story: Result:
On June 7, 1892, 30-year-old Homer The Plessy decision set the
Plessy was jailed for sitting in the precedent that "separate"
"White" car of the East Louisiana facilities for blacks and whites
Railroad. Plessy could easily pass for were constitutional as long as
white but under Louisiana law, he
was considered black despite his light they were "equal."
complexion and therefore required to The "separate but equal" doctrine
sit in the "Colored" car. When was quickly extended to cover
Louisiana passed the Separate Car many areas of public life, such as
Act, legally segregating common restaurants, theaters, restrooms, a
carriers in 1892, a black civil rights nd public schools. The doctrine
organization decided to challenge the
law in the courts. was a fiction, as facilities for blacks
were always inferior to those for
Plessy deliberately sat in the white whites.
section and identified himself as
black. He was arrested and the case Not until 1954, in the equally
went all the way to the United States important Brown v. Board of
Supreme Court. Plessy's lawyer Education of Topeka, would the
argued that the Separate Car Act "separate but equal" doctrine be
20. Literary Elements during
Reconstruction
Used to confirm and manifest creativity and genius
Documenting and shaping social, political, and spiritual aspirations and conditions.
As with the past- literature influencing public attitudes by using narratives/personal
testimony/biographies/memoirs.
Championed rugged individualism and successful transcendence characterized
both the American dream—convincing blacks to buy into it.
Combined capitalist possibilities with strong spirit of community and mutual effort
that typified social, political, and religious sentiments of the time.
Concentrated on lessons learned from slavery and progress after emancipation.---
as models for present and blueprints for a better future.
Some studies of those who endured trials but experienced triumph assuaged the
fears of whites and others who worried about revenge against or dependency on
them.
Some biographies were to show white readers blacks were capable of contributing
to the rebuilding of the nation and to instruct other African Americans of the way to
a more satisfying future—to elevate them or raise them up.
National African American Press was created and gave many Black writers the
opportunity the addition of publishing poems, letters, essays for writing contest or
otherwise. This is where the majority of Af. Am. Writers were published first and
most frequently.
21. Booker T., where do you fit in?
The focus of Washington’s
1856-1915
philosophy at Tuskegee, his
answer to post-slavery life was
Industrial Education and economic
He began advancement. He also believed in
work at the accommodation of southern white
Tuskegee supremacy, an emphasis on racial
Institute pride, solidarity, and self. He said:
1881during "My plan was for them to see not
a time of only the utility of labor but its
rapidly beauty and dignity. They would be
disappearing taught how to lift labor up from
interracial drudgery and toil and would learn
cooperation. to love work for its own sake. We
wanted them to return to the
plantation districts and show
people there how to put new
energy and new ideas into farming
22. ATLANTA COMPROMISE
Atlanta Compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T.
Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work
and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites
guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and
economic opportunities
The ATLANTA COMPROMISE earned him the name “the
Great Compromiser”
Washington was the architect of the Atlanta Compromise, an
unwritten deal he struck in 1895 with Southern white leaders
who had taken over government after the failure of
Reconstruction. The agreement provided that Southern
blacks would submit to discrimination, segregation, lack of
voting rights, and non-unionized employment; that Southern
whites would permit blacks to receive a basic education,
some economic opportunities, and justice within the legal
system; and that Northern whites would invest in Southern
enterprises and fund black educational charities.
23. Up From Slavery (1901)
That Up From Slavery was “a demonstration of the good a
black man could do for himself and his people if given a
chance to obtain and education and engage in
useful, productive work.”
Emphasizes racial pride, solidarity, and self- help.
Popular with whites, because he masked his personal and
social agenda with "folksy” and “unassuming" storytelling.
Has an inspirational tone, lucidity of style, constructive
contribution to racial problems in the South.
Washington labels some scornfully as “intellectuals” who
doubted his overall approach to race relations in the South
The impact of slavery and significance of race on the
prospects of African Americans creates a double-edged
interpretation.
24. Discussion
The school is got emphasis What is Washington’s
on vocational training and central/overall point?
manual labor and the school What does he suggest African
didn’t challenge segregation- American’s do to raise themselves
instead founded on thrift, hard up?
work, self-reliance, and
patience and emphasized How does the mood contribute to
“cast down your bucket where the readers understanding of
you are.” What’s that mean? Booker T’s ideas?
Why is it important to What are some common themes
Washington’s Philosophy or discussed and where are some
overall point? places where these themes occur
He thought it was important in the text?
for blacks to share “privileges What is the climax of the story?
of the law”- but to “be Who might we consider to be the
PREPARED for the exercise antagonist of the story?
of those privileges.”---- what
did this imply? In what way do the minor
characters influence Washington’s
ideas and philosophies at
Tuskegee?
