2. • our entitlements as citizens of a country and
as human beings
• can come from the law - ‘legal rights’ or
‘constitutional rights’
• from the universally understood moral rights
of human beings - ‘universal declaration of
human rights’
3. Example
• The Philippine Constitution provides certain
rights to the citizens of the country. The ‘right
to vote’ is given to all Filipinos. By voting for
people in the government, the Filipino citizen
is able to participate in the affairs of the
country.
4. • Duties can sometimes be interchanged with
‘obligation’. Our ‘right to vote’ is correlated
with our duty to vote wisely and to treat this
right as ‘sacred’. We have the duty to vote for
the people that will best serve the interest of
the entire Filipino people. Selling our votes is a
violation of this duty or obligation.
5. • Rights give the power to the individual to exercise
his freedom of choice. It enables the individual to
freely pursue his interests or activities without
interference.
1. the absence of prohibitions against our pursuit
of activities and interests
2. the authority and empowerment to act on
something that will secure our interests and the
interests of others; and
3. the existence of prohibitions or requirements on
others to enable the individual to pursue his or her
interests.
6. negative rights
• the duty of others
not to interfere in
the exercise of a
person’s rights
positive rights
• The duty of the
government and
other agencies to
facilitate the exercise
of our rights
7. How much of your rights do you know?
It is important that we
endeavor to know our
rights and duties so that
we are guided in the
exercise of our freedom
of choice. Your Students’
Manual is important for
your university life
because it details your
rights as students as well
as your obligations.
8. Section 8. Right of Parents
1. The right to organize by
themselves and/or with
teachers for the purpose of
providing a forum for the
discussion of matters relating
to the total school program and
for ensuring the full
cooperation of parents and
teachers in the formulation and
efficient implementation of
such programs.
2. The right to access to any
official record directly relating
to the children who are under
their parental responsibility.
9. Section 14. Duties
of Parents
1. Parents, individually and
collectively, through the school
systems, shall help carry out
the educational objectives in
accordance with national goals.
2. Parents shall be obliged to
enable their children to obtain
elementary education and shall
strive enable to obtain
secondary and higher
education in the pursuance of
the right formation of youth.
3. Parents shall cooperate with
the school in the implementation
of the school program – curricular
and co-curricular.
10. Section 9. Rights of Students in School
1. The right to receive, primarily through competent instruction,
relevant quality education in line with national goals and conducive to
their full development as persons with human dignity.
2. The right to freely choose their field of study subject to existing
curricula and to continue their course therein up to graduation except
in cases of academic deficiency, or violation of disciplinary regulations.
3. The right to school guidance and counseling services for making
decisions and selecting the alternatives in fields of work suited to his
potentialities.
4. The right of access to his own school
records, the confidentiality of which the
school shall maintain and preserve.
11. 5. The right to the issuance of official certificates, diplomas,
transcript of records, grades, transfer credentials and other
similar documents within 30 days from request.
6. The right to publish a student newspaper and similar
publications, as well as the right to invite resource persons
during assemblies, symposia and other activities of similar
nature.
7. The right to free expression of opinions and suggestions, and
to effective channels of communication with appropriate
academic and administrative bodies of the school or institution.
8. The right to form, establish, join and participate in
organizations and societies recognized by the school to foster
their intellectual, cultural, spiritual, and physical growth and
development.
9. The right to be free from involuntary contributions, except
those approved by their own societies or organizations.
