Presentazione pieroni

Distributed Simulation
and
Inherently Distributed Systems
Giuseppe Iazeolla, Andrea D’Ambrogio, Alessandra Pieroni
University of Rome “TorVergata”
Daniele Gianni
ESA ESTEC

Presented by Alessandra Pieroni

DSIMday Giornata di studio MIMOS sulla Simulazione Distribuita - 11 Marzo 2011

Context


Simulation-driven design of systems

Execution Platform

Simulator

System to be designed


This Presentation

Context application to
Inherently Distributed System
(IDS)


Definitions

Inherently Distributed Systems (IDS)

systems that are distributed by their own nature

their subsystems are physically

and

geographically separated


Example IDS’s
distributed computer systems
m geographically separated hosts

wireless systems
(e.g. WiFi/WiMax (IEEE 802.11/16))
1 base-station for each m subscriber-stations
k terminal equipments for each SS

satellite constellations
m spatially separated orbiting satellites,
1 ground segment and 1 user segment


Known paradigms for IDS
simulation
• Type-1: Local Simulation (LS)
simulator run by a single host

• Type-2: Distributed Simulation (DS)
simulator run by a number of hosts
to achieve

scalability, aggregation, reusability and
parallelism

Type-3 paradigms for DS

• naturally Distributed Simulation
(nDS) locates the federates in the same geographic
positions of the IDS subsystems

• naturally Distributed Simulation in-the-loop
(nDS-il) as nDS but one federate left in its natural
form


Type-3 paradigms for DS
(obtain Scalability, Paralellism and Representativeness)

m HOSTs
(where to locate them ?)

Simulator is partitioned into m federates

System to design is IDS (with m subsystems)


Example application of 4 paradigms to
the
simulation driven design of
wireless systems


The LS paradigm for Wireless systems

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2
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! "# "$ /'0# 2*+%#
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(m+2 subsystems run by 1 single simulation platform)


The DS paradigm for Wireless systems

(m+2 subsystems run by m+2 simulation platforms)
platform locations are anywhere
(no relationship with the subsystems locations)


The nDS paradigm for Wireless systems

the m+2 simulation platforms are located in the
same geographic locations of the m+2 subsystems


nDS-il paradigm for Wireless systems
""0# ""1# ""! #
"$%&'( )*+# "$%&'( )*+# "$%&'( )*+#
,‐ '( . *+%0/# ,‐ '( . *+%1/# ,‐ '( . *+%# /#
!

$% '() % , ‐. (
& *+
/01‐&2*‐34*3‐%#

! "# %&'( )*+#
"$ #
,‐ '( . *+%# "#/#
!

as nDS for the first m+1 subsystems
while the (m+2)th subsystem is left in its real form


Example application of 4 paradigms to
the
simulation driven design of
Satellite Systems


The LS paradigm for Satellite Systems

(m+2 subsystems run by 1 single simulation platform)

The DS paradigm for Satellite Systems

(m+2 subsystems run by m+2 simulation platform) platform locations are anywhere
(no relationship with the subsystems locations)

The nDS paradigm for Satellite Systems

the m+2 simulation platforms are located in the same geographic
locations of the m+2 subsystems


The nDS-il paradigm for Satellite Systems

as nDS for the first m+1 subsystems
while the (m+2)th subsystem is left in its real form

New Software technologies
for the nDS and nDS-il paradigms

an environment (nDSEnv)

a language (nDSLang)

together give a complete
software suite that ease the
development of nDS and nDS-il
systems


Using the
nDSEnv and nDSLang

You may develop a DS systems with no
knowledge of HLA
– First develop the LS system
– By use of a mechanical process then produce the
equivalent DS system
The process generates only a very limited
additional amount of LOCs
The production of the DS system is practically
effortless


Example use of nDSEnv and nDSLang

m-node communication system
Connection matrix
D1 D2 D3 … Dm
S1 p1,1 p1,2 p1,3 … p1,m
S2 p2,1 p2,2 p2,3 … p2,m
S3 p3,1 p3,2 p3,3 … p3,m
… … … … … …
Sm pm,1 pm,2 pm,3 … pm,m
(S= sending node, D= destination node)


Example use of nDSEnv and nDSLang

LS version
one standard single-platform simulator

define the m nodes

define the mxm links

run the experiments

DSIMday Giornata studi MIMOS Simulazione
DSIMday Giornata di studio MIMOS sulla Simulazione Distribuita - 11 Marzo 2011 - 11 Marzo 2011
Distribuita

Transformation from LS into DS
DS version (assume 2 Federates)

federate1: nodes 1 and 2
federate2: remaining m-2 nodes

D1 D2 D3 … Dm
S1 p1,1 p1,2 p1,3 … p1,m
S2 p2,1 p2,2 p2,3 … p2,m
S3 p3,1 p3,2 p3,3 … p3,m
… … … … … …
Sm pm,1 pm,2 pm,3 … pm,m


The DS Federate1 consists of nodes S1 and S2 :
Such nodes are local to federate1 and their
declaration follows the same statements of the LS
system, that can therefore be reused in the DS
code
The DS Federate2 consists of nodes S3 through Sm :
Such nodes are local to federate2 and their
declaration follows the same statements of the LS
system, that can therefore be reused in the DS
code

only need to modify are those link declarations that cross the
border between the two sub-matrices, i.e.:

links from S1 to D3, D4, D5, ..., Dm
links to S1 from D3, D4, D5, ..., Dm

links from S2 to D3, D4, D5, ..., Dm
links to S2 from D3, D4, D5, ..., Dm



The DS version of the system is easily derived from the
original LS version (and also easily automated)

The largest part of the DS code is reused from the LS code

The only statements to modify are the interface declarations
between federates


Research open problems
(nDS-il)
1) Reproducibility:
• The real federate introduces simulation-external
phenomena that cannot be reproduced
• This may make the “reproducibility” of simulation
experiments problematic

2) Interface to the real federate:
• The federate that simulates e.g. the SS station of
a wireless system, needs to drive a physical
antenna to send packets to the real
interconnection infrastructure
• This requires creating an interface between the
SS federate and its antenna system


Research open problems
(nDS-il)
3) Relationship problems between the federates network
(FN) and the real network (RN)
• FN is the network used by the federates to
exchange synchronization and communication
messages (could be a dedicated WAN, a public
WAN or the Internet itself ).
• RN is the network part of the simulated system
• The FN delays should be compatible with the RN
time scale….


Example relationship between federates
network (FN) and the real network (RN)

SS1 simulator SS2 simulator Simulator Platform
platform platform SS N

Internet Connection
among Simulators
- RTI messages -

Real Communication Medium

Simulator Platform
BS


Conclusions

The DS approach to inherently distributed
systems yields simulation scalability,
aggregation, reusability and parallelism

The nDS and nDS-il approaches yield the
additional feature of simulation
representativeness


Conclusions
The existing distributed simulation tools (such as HLA)
may represent an obstacle to the wide adoption of the
paradigms

A HLA-transparent simulation environment and a
simulation language (nDSEnv and nDSLang) have
been introduced

Such technologies overcome the HLA difficulties and
allow developing an nDS or nDS-il system as it was a
conventional LS system


Conclusions

nDSEnv and nDSLang give facilities rarely found in
existing distributed simulation technologies:
a Java-based language is used
the skills needed to develop a nDS or nDS-il
simulation system are brought down to the
standard skills of a LS one
once an LS system is obtained, bringing it into
nDS or nDS-il form can be done with practically
no extra effort and without any HLA skill


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ACK

Work partially supported by funds from the FIRB
project on “Software frameworks and
technologies for distributed simulation”, from the
FIRB project on “Performance evaluation of
complex systems”, from the University of Rome
TorVergata research on “Performance modeling
of service-oriented architectures” and from the
CERTIA Research Center.


Thank you for
your kind attention…


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