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Current developments in phonetics Louis C.W. Pols Institute of Phonetic Sciences (IFA) Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC)
Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aspects of Phonetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
My choices ,  given other intro’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Size of Phonetics Community ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ken Stevens and Phonetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Banquet Eurospeech95, Madrid E’95 chairman  ESCA-medalist   ESCA president J.M. Pardo   Ken Stevens  Mrs. Pardo Louis Pols
Textbook Phonetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Invariance Symp., MIT 1983 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DL for short speech-like transitions Adopted from van Wieringen & Pols (1998), Acta Acustica 84, 520-528 “ Discrimination of short and rapid speechlike transitions” complex simple short longer trans. initial final
Static vs. dynamic V recogn. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some results ,[object Object],94.5 87.9 5,374 speaker normalized 90.1 78.9 5,374 438x13 V centers per speaker 69.2 62.2 35,385 speaker normalized 66.9 59.3 35,385 438x13x(1…25) Original Dynamic 3 frames Static  1 frame # Items Condition
Perceiving (speech) dynamics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Vowel identification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perceptual undershoot Net shift in vowel responses to tokens with curved formant tracks vs. stationary tokens. All values significant, except small open triangles
Local context and C & V identification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Error rates of vowel identification for the individual stimulus token types. Long-short vowel errors (/ α-a:,  -o:/)  are ignored c
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Effect of (lack of) context ,[object Object],[object Object],ASC = 1/n  Σ |LF i  - LF i | 2   (total variance), LF i  = 100  10 log F i i=1 n 33.0 189 38.9 255 33.3 209 28.7 119 31.2 174 unstr., free conv. % (10) ASC 84.3 407 85.3 529 84.9 374 78.8 320 88.1 406 words % (5) ASC 89.6 480 86.4 634 88.0 447 88.9 404 95.2 433 isolated V % (3) ASC Av. F2 F1 M2 M1 3 conditions
Historical biases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Computational Phonetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stylized formant contour c 2 c 1 F 2  (t) = c 0  +  c 1 t + c 2  t  2   (second order polynomial) F 2  (t) = F 2  (t) +  α 2 p (t) + β 2 t  (t) + γ 2 α  (t)  for @ in  /p@t α/ F 2  (-1) = 1352 Hz ; F 2  (0) = 1435 Hz; F 2  (1)=1485 Hz F 2 normalized time -1 F center   (c 0 ) F offset 0 1 F onset
Schwa realization The schwa is not just a centralized vowel but something that is completely assimilated with its phonemic context
Human word intelligibility vs. noise from Ph.D thesis H. Steeneken (1992) ‘ On measuring and predicting speech intelligibility’
Knowledge from Annotated Sp. Corp. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freq. effects  vs.  vowel reduction Dutch Finnish Russian -0,100 -0,050 0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 Duration F12Dist CoG Intensity Correlation Coefficient -> R read speech spontaneous speech -log 2 (word frequency)  vs.  acoustic vowel reduction (in terms of duration, F1F2Dist, CoG, and Intensity) for Du, Fi, Ru  Dutch Finnish Russian 0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 Duration F12Dist CoG Intensity Correlation Coefficient -> R
Phonetics an Interdisciplinary Science ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Early speech development vBeinum, Clement, vdDikkenberg, Developmental Sc. 4, 61-70 (2001) average onset (in weeks) Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Stage V (babbling) Stage VI (‘words’) 0 6 10 20 31 40
Tracheoesophageal speech C. van As, Ph.D thesis (2001)
Turn switches in conversation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Progression in V production of babies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spectral measurements  normal hearing child 5 & 24 mo. hearing-impaired child 5 & 24 mo. i u a
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Current Dev

  • 1. Current developments in phonetics Louis C.W. Pols Institute of Phonetic Sciences (IFA) Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC)
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Banquet Eurospeech95, Madrid E’95 chairman ESCA-medalist ESCA president J.M. Pardo Ken Stevens Mrs. Pardo Louis Pols
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. DL for short speech-like transitions Adopted from van Wieringen & Pols (1998), Acta Acustica 84, 520-528 “ Discrimination of short and rapid speechlike transitions” complex simple short longer trans. initial final
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.  
  • 15.
  • 16. Perceptual undershoot Net shift in vowel responses to tokens with curved formant tracks vs. stationary tokens. All values significant, except small open triangles
  • 17.
  • 18.  
  • 19. Error rates of vowel identification for the individual stimulus token types. Long-short vowel errors (/ α-a:, -o:/) are ignored c
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Stylized formant contour c 2 c 1 F 2 (t) = c 0 + c 1 t + c 2 t 2 (second order polynomial) F 2 (t) = F 2 (t) + α 2 p (t) + β 2 t (t) + γ 2 α (t) for @ in /p@t α/ F 2 (-1) = 1352 Hz ; F 2 (0) = 1435 Hz; F 2 (1)=1485 Hz F 2 normalized time -1 F center (c 0 ) F offset 0 1 F onset
  • 25. Schwa realization The schwa is not just a centralized vowel but something that is completely assimilated with its phonemic context
  • 26. Human word intelligibility vs. noise from Ph.D thesis H. Steeneken (1992) ‘ On measuring and predicting speech intelligibility’
  • 27.
  • 28. Freq. effects vs. vowel reduction Dutch Finnish Russian -0,100 -0,050 0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 Duration F12Dist CoG Intensity Correlation Coefficient -> R read speech spontaneous speech -log 2 (word frequency) vs. acoustic vowel reduction (in terms of duration, F1F2Dist, CoG, and Intensity) for Du, Fi, Ru Dutch Finnish Russian 0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 Duration F12Dist CoG Intensity Correlation Coefficient -> R
  • 29.
  • 30. Early speech development vBeinum, Clement, vdDikkenberg, Developmental Sc. 4, 61-70 (2001) average onset (in weeks) Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Stage V (babbling) Stage VI (‘words’) 0 6 10 20 31 40
  • 31. Tracheoesophageal speech C. van As, Ph.D thesis (2001)
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Spectral measurements normal hearing child 5 & 24 mo. hearing-impaired child 5 & 24 mo. i u a
  • 35.