Learning by heart and Learning by grouping

1. Question 1: How can we learn the irregular verbs?
Answer 1: I am sorry to admit it…Only by heart
Question 2: Then, how can we study the irregular verbs in an easier way?
Answer 2: By grouping them into the following sections:
0. Those which have no change
How
Present simple
Past simple Past participle Meaning according to contex
many?
Bare infinitive (Root)
1. bet bet bet apostar
2. broadcast broadcast broadcast emitir, transmitir
3. cast cast cast echar, arrojar
4. cost cost cost costar
5. cut cut cut cortar
6. forecast forecast forecast prever, predecir, pronosticar
7. hit hit hit golpear
8. hurt hurt hurt herir
9. let let let dejar, permitir
10. put put put poner
11. quit quit quit dejar (hábito)
12. read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/ leer
13. set set set poner (la mesa)
14. shed shed shed derramar, mudarse (ropa, pelaje, cuerno(s), plumaje)
15. shut shut shut cerrar
16. split split split dividir, separar
17. spread spread spread extender; untar, esparcir
18. thrust thrust thrust empujar
1. Those which have one change
Present simple and past simple equal
Present simple and past participle equal
Past simple and past participle equal
How Present simple Past simple Past participle Meaning according to contex

2. many? Bare infinitive (Root)
1. beat beat beaten golpear; vencer
2. become became become llegar a ser;convertirse
3. bend bent bent doblar, flexionar
4. bind bound bound vendar; encuadernar
5. bleed bled bled sangrar
6. bring brought brought traer; llevar
7. build built built construir
8. buy bought bought comprar
9. catch caught catch agarrar, atrapar
10. cling clung clung aferrarse, agarrarse
11. come came come venir
12. creep crept crept deslizarse; trepar
13. deal dealt dealt tratar, lidiar
14. dig dug dug cavar, excavar
15. dwell dwelt /
dwelled
dwelt /
dwelled
vivir, morar
16. feed fed fed alimentar
17. feel felt felt sentir
18. fight fought fought luchar
19. find found found encontrar
20. fit fit / fitted fit / fitted encajar, ajustar
21. flee fled fled huir
22. fling flung flung arrojar
23. hang hung /
hanged
hung /
hanged
colgar
24. have / has
(auxi l iary verb)
had had haber, tener
25. hear heard heard oir
26. hold held held sostener, coger
27. keep kept kept guardar; quedarse
28. kneel knelt /
kneeld
knelt /
kneeld
arrodillarse
29. knit knit /
knitted
knit /
knitted
tejer, hacer punto
30. lay laid laid apoyarse, poner queja, poner la mesa, tender(se)

3. 31. lead led led guiar, llevar
32. lean leant /
leaned
leant /
leaned
apoyar(se)
33. leap leapt /
leaped
leapt /
leaped
saltar
34. learn learnt /
learned
learnt /
learned
aprender
35. leave left left dejar; salir
36. lend lent lent prestar
37. light lit lit encender
38. lose lost lost perder
39. make made made hacer, fabricar
40. mean meant meant significar
41. meet met met encontrarse; conocer
42. pay paid paid pagar
43. run ran run correr
44. say said said decir
45. seek sought sought buscar
46. sell sold sold vender
47. send sent sent enviar
48. shine shone shone brillar
49. shoot shot shot disparar; filmar
50. sit sat sat sentarse
51. sleep slept slept dormir
52. slide slid slid resbalarse
53. sling slung slung tirar, arrojar
54. smell smelt /
smelled
smelt /
smelled
oler
55. dream dreamt /
dreamed
dreamt /
dreamed
soñar
56. speed sped /
speeded
sped /
speeded
conducir a mucha velocidad (exceso de velocidad)
57. spell spelt /
spelled
spelt /
spelled
deletrear
58. spend spent spent gastar dinero; pasar tiempo
59. spit spit/spat spit/spat escupir
60. spill spilt / spilt / derramar

4. spilled spilled
61. spoil spoilt spoilt estropear
62. stand stood stood estar de pie
63. stick stuck stuck pegar; encajarse
64. strike struck struck golpear
65. sting stung stung picar (insecto)
66. sweep swept swept barrer
67. swing swung swung balancear, columpiarse
68. teach taught taught enseñar
69. tell told told decir, contar
70. think thought thought pensar
71. understand understood understood comprender
72. weep wept wept llorar
73. wet wet /
wetted
wet /
wetted
mojar, empapar
74. win won won ganar un juego o competencia
75. wind wound wound enrollar; dar cuerda
76. wring wrung wrung torcer, retorcer
2. Those which have two changes
How
Present simple
many?
Bare infinitive (Root)
Past simple Past participle Meaning according to contex
1. arise arose arisen levantarse; surgir
2. awake awoke awoken despertarse
3. be was /
were
been ser, estar
4. bear bore born soportar; llevar
5. begin began begun empezar
6. bite bit bitten morder
7. blow blew blown soplar
8. break broke broken romper
9. choose chose chosen elegir
10. do / does
(auxi l iary verb)
did done hacer
11. draw drew drawn dibujar

5. 12. drink drank drunk beber
13. drive drove driven conducir
14. eat ate eaten comer
15. fall fell fallen caer
16. fly flew flown volar
17. forbid forbade forbidden prohibir
18. forget forgot forgotten olvidar
19. freeze froze frozen congelar(se)
20. give gave given dar
21. get got got /
gotten (US)
obtener, consegir
22. go went gone ir
23. grow grew grown crecer; cultivar
24. hide hid hidden ocultar(se)
25. know knew known saber, conocer
26. lie lay lain Echarse, tenderse ,recostarse, tumbarse
27. mow mowed mown /
mowed
segar (cortar el pasto)
28. prove proved proven /
proved
probar, demostrar
29. ride rode ridden montar, cabalgar, ir en bicicleta o motocicleta
30. ring rang rung sonar/tocar timbre, sonar teléfono
31. rise rose risen levantarse, elevarse
32. saw sawed sawn /
sawed
Serrar (cortar con sierra o serrucho)
33. see saw seen ver
34. sew sewd sewn /
sewed
coser
35. shake shook shaken agitar
36. shear sheared shorn /
sheared
esquilar
37. show showed shown mostrar
38. shrink shrank shrunk encoger(se)
39. sing sang sung cantar
40. sink sank sunk hundir(se)
41. sow sowed sown / sembrar

6. sowed
42. speak spoke spoken hablar
43. spin spun /
span
spun girar
44. spring sprang sprung brotar
45. steal stole stolen robar
46. stink stank stunk apestar (tener mal olor, estar ediondo(a) a)
47. strive strove striven esforzarse, luchar
48. swear swore sworn jurar
49. swell swelled swollen /
swelled
hinchar(se)
50. swim swam swum nadar
51. take took taken coger, tomar
52. tear tore torn rasgar
53. throw threw thrown lanzar
54. tread trod trod /
trodden
pisar
55. wake woke woken despertar(se)
56. wear wore worn llevar puesto (ropa, perfume, maquillaje, anteojos)
57. weave wove woven /
weaved
tejer con telar
58. write wrote written escribir
1. Read the charts once in order to get familiarized with this subject
2. Study the charts (read them comprehensively as many times as necessary)
3. Finally, as you keep studying daily, you will see how easy is to make the connections among them; the
practice makes the master!
Enjoy learning!!!

7. sowed
42. speak spoke spoken hablar
43. spin spun /
span
spun girar
44. spring sprang sprung brotar
45. steal stole stolen robar
46. stink stank stunk apestar (tener mal olor, estar ediondo(a) a)
47. strive strove striven esforzarse, luchar
48. swear swore sworn jurar
49. swell swelled swollen /
swelled
hinchar(se)
50. swim swam swum nadar
51. take took taken coger, tomar
52. tear tore torn rasgar
53. throw threw thrown lanzar
54. tread trod trod /
trodden
pisar
55. wake woke woken despertar(se)
56. wear wore worn llevar puesto (ropa, perfume, maquillaje, anteojos)
57. weave wove woven /
weaved
tejer con telar
58. write wrote written escribir
1. Read the charts once in order to get familiarized with this subject
2. Study the charts (read them comprehensively as many times as necessary)
3. Finally, as you keep studying daily, you will see how easy is to make the connections among them; the
practice makes the master!
Enjoy learning!!!