ERES 2001, Malaga, Spain

1. Presentation to ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
September 2001
Dipl.-Ing. Maria Bostenaru

2. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Structure
• Introduction
• Requirements on this methodology
• General methods for costs planing
• Special conditions for retrofitting existing buildings
• Costs calculation methodology
• Conclusions

3. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Introduction
• Disaster prevention has growing importance
• retrofit measures
– structural aspects
– functional aspects
– aesthetic aspects
– economic efficiency
• building retrofit | building rehabilitation
• information on the building ist required
• methods on costs estimation available only in some
countries

4. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Requirements on this methodology
• should not require location specific values (major goal)
• flexible
– applicable in different regions
– adaptable to different requirements process
– extensible according to the growth of knowledge in this field
• computer based
– extensible to net

5. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
General methods of costs planing
• Planing the costs
– a method
– an adequate structuring of the building object
– scheduling of the structural elements and their quantity
– documentation of the results
– analysis
– optimising alternative
• range influenced by data availability and not from target
precision
• strong relation between data collected and costs
estimation methods in a particular country (FEMA, BKI)

6. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
General methods of costs planing
• New buildings
• Existing buildings

7. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
New buildings
• 2 main German indexes
– costs estimation
• building divided into spaces with different functions
• key area types
• database with similar buildings
• applicable in incipient stages of planning
– costs calculation
• building elements are classified after their execution type
• different deepness levels in the structure
• applicable in later stages of planning

8. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Existing buildings
• costs evaluation methods for upgrading existing buildings
only developed beginning with the last decade
• systems used by calculation methodologies:
– space usage
– building surfaces
– building elements
– execution steps
• methodology of Rolf Neddermann: „old building types“
– ready-made service packs during the planning within the
element methodology

9. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Special conditions for retrofitting existing
buildings
• Performance level
• Decision support
• Types of buildings
– Inter-bellum Bucharest buildings
– Retrofit consideration about historical buildings

10. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Performance level
• Objectives
– immediate occupancy
– damage control
– life safety
upgrading existing buildings seismic retrofit
rehabilitation expense
degree
performance objectives
damage degree present danger degree

11. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Decision support
• local measures
– similar to usual renewal of old buildings
• global measures
– new elements have to be build in
• this methodology creates a framework, in which further
values, coming from static calculations can be introduced

12. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Decision support between local and global
measures
allowed
strain
existing
strain
first measures level:
repairing
second measures level:
isolated elements retrofit
third measures level:
whole building retrofit

13. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Types of buildings
• historical buildings in town analysis
– cultural value
• belong to national heritage
• no statistical approaches possible
– architectural value
• representative for a certain building style
• retrofit methods restricted through the characteristics of that style
– environmental value
• with positive influence on the townscape
• the building record is the basis for town image analysis

14. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Inter-bellum Bucharest buildings(1920-45)
• mainly residential buildings
– 7-11 floors high apartment blocks
• RC frame structure with URM masonry infill
– designed to resist vertical loads only
• non contextual architectural approach
– set landmarks in the build context
• stylistically very close to turn-of-century European styles
– lack of ornaments
– aesthetics through simplicity
– emphasis of horizontal lines
– recesses in the facade

15. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Costs calculation method
Marcel Iancu building (about 1935), 3 Pictor St. Luchian Street
Street front with an inter-bellum building

16. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Retrofit considerations about historical
buildings
• this methodology breaks up with the statistics
– customised approach of different kinds of buildings allowed
• guidelines about the characteristics to be maintained
• catalogue of adequate building elements
• consulting an architect still needed

17. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Costs calculation methodology
• The building record
• Retrofit elements
• Spatial relationship
• Database

18. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
The building record
• different detailing ranges
• focus on the elements on the last division level
• focus on the structural elements
– damages
– bearing/non bearing parts
• RVS to identify where to search after structural details
• the record methodology must allow computer assistance
but be easy to make with low-end equipment
• the data have to be stored in a room book
– static measures have to be divided accordingly

19. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Retrofit elements
• The result of retrofit measures are building elements
• further division levels
– walls in their bearing and non bearing parts
– bearing parts into linear, surface and node elements
• a retrofit element consists of all works which have to be
done in order to strengthen, repair, build a constructive
component
– old elements (strengthened ones)
– new elements (added to the build substance)
– retrofitted elements (old elements with new extensions)
– replaced elements (new elements instead of deteriorated old
ones)

20. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Retrofit elements and retrofitted elements
columns beams
concrete
extention
slot
reinforcement
diagonale braces
stiffening
structural connected parts
steel masonry concrete
manteling
columns
parts included in
other assemblies
single parts
structural parts openings
"line" elements

21. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Gebäudestruktur II
interior wall exterior wall
bracing
partial
manteling
complet
frame field
frame construction
units of the structural parts
partial
interior wall
webbing
plates concrete
manteling
facade
manteling
partition wall
(between buildings)
exterior wall
total
bearing walls floors
"surface" elements (also parts)

22. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Retrofit elements
• required
– clear identification of the building elements
– marking of the elements in the 3D model
• building elements can be edited as service specification
– Tendering-Allocation-Billing modules
• elements consist of service specification positions given
in a database
• element costs are not statistically calculated
• element costs are leaded back to the execution steps
which caused them

23. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Surface elements
• posterior mounting of slabs in
reinforced concrete frames
– 5700 - 6700 DM/frame
– 2000 - 2350 DM/m3concrete
1
3
4
2
5
1
6
6
2
1. vorhandene Stütze, 2. vorhandenes Fundament, 3. nachträglicheingebaute Scheibe,
4. nachträgliche Fundamentergänzung,5. Bewehrung, 6. nachrägliche Querschnittserweiterung
F
• Posterior mounting of
diagonals in reinforced
concrete frames
– 6800 - 7300 DM/frame
V- oder K- Anordnung X- Anordnung

24. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Retrofit Elements
• Diminution of the rigidity
– 100 DM/field
Kautschuk
1
1 1
1 8
2
7
5
3
6
4
9
10
1. alter Beton, 2. beschädigter alter Beton, 3. neuer Beton,
4. ausgeknickte Bewehrung, 5. neue Bewehrung, 6. neue Bügel,
7. Schweißnaht, 8. alte Bügel, 9. alte Bewehrung, 10. Schalung
• Retrofit of a column

25. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Example
4
3
1
: Mauerwerk
: Stahlbeton
2
4,00m
3,00m
2,88m
5,00m
Scaffolding area 4*6*3,00*5,00= 360m²
Masonry to be broken away 4*6*4,00*2,88*0,36= 99,54m³
Masonry to be cleaned up 4*6*4,00*2,88*0,36= 99,54m³
concrete (d= 25cm) 4*6*2,88*4,00*0,25= 69,12m³
Steel (reinforcement: ca. 120kg/m³) 120*69,12= 8294,40kg
formwork 2*4*6*4,00*2,88= 553,00m²

26. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Example
Scaffolding area 4*6*3,00*5,00=
360m²
Masonry to be broken
away
4*6*4,00*2,88*0,36=
99,54m³
Masonry to be cleaned up 4*6*4,00*2,88*0,36=
99,54m³
concrete (d= 25cm) 4*6*2,88*4,00*0,25=
69,12m³
Steel (reinforcement: ca.
120kg/m³)
120*69,12=
8294,40kg
formwork 2*4*6*4,00*2,88=
553,00m²
Material Costs
concrete 200,00*69,12= 13824,00DM
steel 8294,40*1,00= 8294,40DM
anchorelements 5,65*60*4*6= 8136,00DM
sum 30254,40DM
process costs
1.put up the scaffolding
16,00*360,00=
5760,00DM
2. screening
72,00*2*4=
576,00DM
3. put up and away the waste
tub
72,00*4*4=
1152,00DM
4. break away masonry wall
72,00*5,60*99,54=
40134,53DM
5. floor break through
4*6*2*175,00=
8400,00DM
6.clean up of masonry broken
away
(25,00+11,50)* 99,54m³=
3633,21DM
7. reinforce – anchoring of the
reinforcement into existing
reinforced concrete frames
(72,00/60*8294,40)=
9953,28DM
(4*6*72,00*10)=
17280,00DM
9953,28+17280,00=
27233,28DM
8. casing 4*6*72,00*3=
5184,00DM
9. paving over 4*6*72,00*1,5=
2592,00DM
10. casing away 4*6*72,00*2=
5184,00DM
99849,02DM

27. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Spatial relationship
• Building divided in
– points (nodes)
– lines (beams and columns)
– areas (Floors and walls)
• executed works are related to this elements
• static programs can communicate with this elements
• the elements will be assigned in a GI-System using the
concepts of edge, surface and node

28. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Database
measures book
spatial
model
(GIS)
static
room book
building elements
service directory
1
1
1 1
n
n
n
n

29. 4-6.09.2001 ERES 2001
Malaga, Spain
Calculation of Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings
Maria Bostenaru, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Conclusion
• The method wasn't‘t applied until now
– no statements about certainty degree
• a service directory can be hold out from the same
database
• modular structure
– allows generalisation
– values can be stored in a standardised format in order to build a
database of retrofitted objects
• costs estimation for similar future projects