9. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2.. NEED TO EXCRETE AMMONIA 3. REMOVAL OF NITROGENOUS WAST E 4. EXCRETION OF UREA 5. EXCRETION OF URIC ACID 6. MYSTERY BEHIND BIRD POOP 7. HUMAN EXCRETION 8. WOKING OF KIDNEY 9. NEPHRON 10. TYPES OF EXCRETION 11. FORMATION OF URINE 12.. MOST EFFICIENT KIDNEYS 13. KIDNEY FAILURE ie HAEMODIALASIS 14. GOUT 15. KIDNEY STONE 16. THANKS
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11. All organisms produce ammonia as they metabolize nutrients (protein digestion) Ammonia is a nitrogenous waste that is toxic and must be removed from the body How an organism removes ammonia depends upon where it lives Why do we need to excrete Ammonia?
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13. (2) Urea: - Many land animals and some bony fish (amphibians, mammals) dilute the toxic ammonia with water. - This substance is called Urea & is filtered out by the kidneys. - The problem is they do lose water in the process! - Requires Energy Removing Nitrogenous Waste Products
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15. Human Excretion Like other animals humans have a system that excretes Nitrogen wastes as Urea, salt, and water Urinary System : Kidneys, ureter, urethra, and bladder Kidneys (located in back) play important role in homeostasis – - remove waste products from blood - maintain blood pH - control water content of blood
SKin, kidneys,liver, lungs Skin- sweat glands that excrete water and some urea - helps regulate heat loss
Filtration: glomerus, bowmans capsule Reabsorption: diffuse and actively transport needed materials back into blood via capillaires while wastes remain
Blood is not being filtered properly – a machine called dialsis will filter blood for them – 5-10 hours, 2-3 times a day!
A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney. Normally, urine contains chemicals that prevent or inhibit the crystals from forming. These inhibitors do not seem to work for everyone, however, so some people form stones. If the crystals remain tiny enough, they will travel through the urinary tract and pass out of the body in the urine without being noticed. Kidney stones may contain various combinations of chemicals. The most common type of stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. These chemicals are part of a person's normal diet and make up important parts of the body, such as bones and muscles. A less common type of stone is caused by infection in the urinary tract. This type of stone is called a struvite or infection stone. A bit less common is the uric acid stone. Cystine stones are rare.
