1. Unit 3 - Future of Computing – Part 1
Cloud Computing
Image Sources: Microsoft Office
Online Pictures Creative Commons
Janet L. Ochs
2. Technologies for unit
• Artificial Intelligence - Driverless Car (Autonomous
Vehicle), Watson Supercomputer
• Robotics - Atlas, Wildcat, Google Robots
• 3 – D Printing
• Bionic Limbs and Implants
• Quantum Computing, Machine Learning
3. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
•John McCarthy (2007) from Stanford University claims:
•“The ultimate effort is to make computer programs that can solve problems
and achieve goals in the world as well as humans.”
•Alan Turing, the “Father” of AI, discussed a test for AI. If computer convinces a
human it is a person, the computer passes the test. Today, it is called the
Turing Test.
•Rouse (2015) at TechTarget states AI includes “learning, reasoning and self
correction” and may involve speech recognition.
4. AI Examples
•Google Driverless Car
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LYi2NAi8zE
•Watson Supercomputer
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dr7IxQeXr7g
5. 11.2 million drivers in NY State
212 million drivers in the United States
(U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 2013)
Map Source: Chinissai (2014) Map of NY State Route 13 Retrieved from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_York_State_Route_13_Map.svg
6. Autonomous Vehicles or Driverless Cars
Image Source: Norbert Aepli (2014) Geneva Auto Show Retrieved From
Http://Commons.Wikimedia.Org/Wiki/File:2014-03-04_geneva_motor_show_1186.Jpg
Computerized
Operation
7. WHAT IS AN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE (AV)?
• Armstrong (2015) claims that driverless cars contain sensors (radar,
light, ultrasonic), video devices and a computer. Used to determine
how to apply the braking system, alter steering and change the speed.
• In the article “Fast Approaching: Driverless Cars” (2013), John Hanson
from Toyota explains that “there are three basic aspects” – perception,
processing and responding.
• For a demonstration of driverless cars, visit the following link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qu90xeckiyi
8. IS THIS A GLOBAL PHENOMENON?
Source World Map: CIA (2013) World Factbook
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CIA_WorldFactBook-Political_world.pdf
Audi, Volkswagen
BMW (ENO, 2013)
GM, Ford
(ENO, 2013)
Toyota
(ENO, 2013)
Apple
(Graham, 2015)
AV Trials
(ABC News, 2015)
AV Trials
(Merrett, 2014)
https://www.youtube.com/user/ochsjan/playlists
9. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL IMPACT?
• Yarrow (2014) claims that Volvo will have 100
cars on road by 2017
• Roger (2015) reports that Google will have
vehicles on road within 5 years - 2020
• In an Engadet article (2015), the author claims
that Mercedes will join by 2030
• The IEEE (2012) predicts that 75% of vehicles
will be autonomous by 2040 Image Source: Jurvetson, S. (2012)
Google Self Driving Car Retrieved from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Driving_Google_Self-Driving_Car.jpg
10. TOP 10 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2015
MIT Technology Review (Knight, 2015)
Image Source: Screen Shot MIT Technology Review & Illustration by Cillufo, L. Car to Car Communication Retrieved
from http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/534981/car-to-car-communication/
11. ARPANET – Internet
Global Positioning
Systems (GPS)
Microelectronics for
Smartphones
Mobile Robots (AVs)
Image and Text Source: DARPA (2012) DARPA Accomplishments Retrieved from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_DARPA_accomplishments_spanning_more_than_five_decades.tiff
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
LESSONS FROM HISTORY
12. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON
PERSONAL LIVES?
ENO CENTER FOR TRANSPORTATION (2013) “PREPARING A NATION
FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES” RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.CE.UTEXAS.EDU/PROF/KOCKELMAN/PUBLIC_HTML/ENOREPORT_BCAOFAVS.PDF
Obtain Multiple Perspectives
Investigate Positive & Negative
Impacts
13. MAJOR ADVANTAGE - SAFETY
• “Traffic crashes remain the primary reason for death of
Americans between 15 and 24 years of age.”
• “Over 30 thousand persons die each year in automobile
collisions, with 2.2 million crashes resulting in injury”
• Driver error major problem and likely cause for “90
percent of all crashes.” (ENO Center for Transportation, 2013)
14. ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGES
• ENO Center for Transportation (2013) reports that
increased vehicle to vehicle communication reduces road
congestion
• ENO Center for Transportation (2013) claims that money
on fuel is saved due to better braking and less speed
fluctuations
• Morely (2015) predicts that a driver will “not need to own
car or have parking facilities”
16. DISADVANTAGES – COST, HACKERS, PRIVACY
• If not ridesharing, cost of AV technology is high. Added cost
between $25,000 – $50,000 per vehicle until mass production
peaks.
• AV computer systems are subject to hacking by terrorists,
countries or employees
• Data ownership & privacy, control and storage is a gray area –
all movements are tracked
(ENO Center For Transportation,
2013)
17. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON
PROFESSIONAL LIVES?
McKinsey & Company
(2013) reports potential
impact of $1.9 trillion
dollars annually by 2025
Chart Source: McKinsey & Company (2013) Disruptive Technologies Retrieved from
http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/disruptive_technologies
18. HOW ARE PROFESSIONAL LIVES IMPACTED?
“There is growing anecdotal evidence that firms'
inabilities to cope with emerging technologies have
produced high product and firm failure rates.”
(Srinivasan, 2008)
Srinivasan is from McCombs School of Business, University of Texas, Austin
Failure to adapt can lead to lost revenue or bankruptcy.
19. MIT CENTER FOR DIGITAL BUSINESS
Image Source: Whitehouse.gov and Brynjolfsson, E. & McAfee, A. (2011) Race Against the Machine Retrieved from
https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/PCAST_May3_Erik%20Brynjolfsson.pdf
MIT Authors with
Driverless Car
20. DISADVANTAGES – LOST JOBS
• “Many of the nation’s 240,000 taxi drivers and 1.6 million
truck drivers could be displaced” (ENO Center For Transportation, 2013)
• “AVs could destroy about a million jobs in Canada”. Including
“auto sector companies - assembly, aftermarket, repairs,
financing, insurance” (Morely, 2015)
• Impact on “health providers - trauma surgeons, critical care
nurses, car-crash victim rehabilitation officers & traffic police,
road safety, driving instructors/trainers” (Morely, 2015)
21. DISRUPTION OF TRADITIONAL AUTO INDUSTRY
• Shared usage, drop in
individual ownership
• Vehicle operating system
vendor may emerge &
outsource car
• Open to new players –
Google, Apple
(KPMG, 2012) Chart Data: (KPMG, 2012)
22. BENEFITS – PRODUCTIVITY & OPPORTUNITY
• According to KPMG (2012), 90% of workers over 16 commute.
Time and productivity gained. On average, 50 minutes per day.
• KPMG (2012) claims some companies will gain from these
changes:
• Firms specializing in digital maps, LIDAR, GPS and Big Data
• “Mobility on demand providers” such as Zipcar
• Businesses with “complex distribution channels” or “car
service organizations”
23. SOFTWARE OPPORTUNITIES
PC Web Mobile Auto
Mapping, Security,
Data Analysis,
Privacy, Car Apps
Image Source: Jurvetson, S. (2012)
Google Self Driving Car Retrieved from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Driving_Google_Self-Driving_Car.jpg
24. UBER CAR SERVICE & SMARTPHONE APP
• In a Harvard Business Review article by Webb (2015), the
author discusses 2015 “Tech Trends You Can’t Ignore”
including UBER
• “Back in February 2015, UBER announced a partnership with
Carnegie Mellon University to build a robotics research lab in
Pittsburgh. The goal is to create a fleet of driverless, robot
cabs.”
(Farahi, 2015)
25. SUMMARY
• Autonomous Vehicle = Driverless Car with sensors, video and a
computer (Armstrong, 2015)
• University and business sources claim there is a potential future impact
(Brynjolfsson& McAfee, 2011)
• Changes are already occurring and will continue over 20-25 years (IEEE,
2012)
• The technology will impact personal lives and change privacy, vehicle
expenses and car ownership (ENO, 2013)
• Driverless cars will disrupt professional lives and entire industries
(KPMG,2012)
26. Emerging technologies are like rain drops. At first, a few droplets appear
and the strength of the storm may seem far off and distant. Then,
seemingly without warning, the full power of the storm is upon us and
the environment is changed. Depending on the storm, we may suffer
negatively or benefit from the ensuing downpour.
(JANET L. OCHS, 2015)
Image source: Thyssen, M. Retrieved from
http://commons.Wikimedia.Org/wiki/file:regnbyge.Jpg
27. REFERENCE LIST
ABC NEWS (2015) DRIVERLESS CAR TRIALS CLOSER FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA ROAD USERS RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.ABC.NET.AU/NEWS/2015-04-22/DRIVERLESS-CARS-ADELAIDE-TRIALS-CLOSER-ACCORDING-TO-
RAA/6411102
ARMSTRONG, J. (2015) HOW DO DRIVERLESS CARS WORK? RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.TELEGRAPH.CO.UK/MOTORING/MOTORINGVIDEO/11308777/HOW-DO-DRIVERLESS-CARS-WORK.HTML
BRYNJOLFSSON, E. & MCAFEE, A. (2011) RACE AGAINST THE MACHINE RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.WHITEHOUSE.GOV/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/MICROSITES/OSTP/PCAST/PCAST_MAY3_ERIK%20BRYNJOLFSSON.PDF
BUTTERMAN, E. (2013) FAST APPROACHING: DRIVERLESS CARS. (2013). MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 135(5), 12-14.
RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.ASME.ORG/ENGINEERING-TOPICS/ARTICLES/AUTOMOTIVE-DESIGN/FAST-
APPROACHING-DRIVERLESS-CARS
DARPA (2014) FACT SHEET RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.DARPA.MIL/ABOUT.ASPX
ENO CENTER FOR TRANSPORTATION (2013) PREPARING A NATION FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
HTTP://WWW.CE.UTEXAS.EDU/PROF/KOCKELMAN/PUBLIC_HTML/ENOREPORT_BCAOFAVS.PDF
FARAHI, A. (2015, APRIL 30). EMBRACE, DON'T FEAR, CHANGE. LONDON COMMUNITY NEWS (ON).
28. REFERENCE LIST
FITZPATRICK, A. (2015). HERE’S WHY UBER WOULD SPEND $3 BILLION ON MAPS. TIME.COM, N.PAG.
GARTNER (2014) FIVE TOP SMART TECHNOLOGIES RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.GARTNER.COM/DOC/2669320?REF=SITESEARCH&STHKW=SMART%20MACHINES&FNL=SEARCH&S
RCID=1-3478922254
GIBBS, S. (2015) VOLVO TO TEST AUTONOMOUS CARS WITH ORDINARY DRIVERS ON PUBLIC ROADS BY 2017
RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2015/FEB/24/VOLVO-TEST-AUTONOMOUS-
CARS-ORDINARY-DRIVERS-PUBLIC-ROADS-BY-2017
GRAHAM, J. (2015) THE ICAR HAS CAPTURED OUR IMAGINATIONS RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.USATODAY.COM/STORY/TECH/2015/02/15/THE-ICAR-HAS-CAPTURED-OUR-IMAGINATIONS/23453693/
IEEE (2012) Look Ma, No Hands! Retrieved from Http://www.ieee.org/about/news/2012/5september_2_2012.html
KNIGHT, W. (2015) 10 BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES 2015 – CAR TO CAR COMMUNICATION RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM/FEATUREDSTORY/534981/CAR-TO-CAR-COMMUNICATION
KPMG (2012) SELF DRIVING CARS: THE NEXT REVOLUTION RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.KPMG.COM/US/EN/ISSUESANDINSIGHTS/ARTICLESPUBLICATIONS/DOCUMENTS/SELF-DRIVING-
CARS-NEXT-REVOLUTION.PDF
29. REFERENCE LIST
MCKINSEY & COMPANY (2013) DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.MCKINSEY.COM/INSIGHTS/BUSINESS_TECHNOLOGY/DISRUPTIVE_TECHNOLOGIES
MERRITT, R. (2014) WHERE ARE SMART MACHINES HEADING IN 2015?. (2014). CIO (13284045), 1. RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.CIO.COM.AU/ARTICLE/562685/WHERE-SMART-MACHINES-HEADING-2015
MORELY, S. (2015) WILL THE GOOGLE CAR TRIGGER A HOUSING BOOM IS MUSKOKA? RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.MUSKOKAREGION.COM/OPINION-STORY/5587773-WILL-THE-GOOGLE-CAR-TRIGGER-A-HOUSING-
BOOM-IN-MUSKOKA-/
SRINIVASAN, R. (2008) SOURCES, CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: RESEARCH
OPPORTUNITIES IN INNOVATION RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/PII/S0019850108000916
WEBB, A. (2015) TECH TRENDS YOU CAN’T IGNORE IN 2015 RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://HBR.ORG/2015/01/THE-TECH-
TRENDS-YOU-CANT-IGNORE-IN-2015
WOODWARD, C., & USA TODAY (2015). EFFECTS OF SELF-DRIVING CARS WOULD BE HUGE, REPORT SHOWS. USA
TODAY RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.USATODAY.COM/STORY/MONEY/CARS/2015/03/04/MCKINSEY-SELF-
DRIVING-BENEFITS/24382405
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION (2013) HIGHWAY STATISTICS SERIES
LICENSED DRIVERS BY SEX AND RATIO TO POPULATION – 2013 RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://WWW.FHWA.DOT.GOV/POLICYINFORMATION/STATISTICS/2013/DL1C.CFM
30. SOURCES MICROSOFT OFFICE ONLINE
PICTURES CREATIVE COMMONS
ELISABETHD (2008) BASIC SHAPES [IMAGE] RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://ES.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/FIGURA_GEOM%C3%A9TRICA#/MEDIA/FILE:BASIC_SHAPES.SVG
CREATIVE TOOLS (2013) MAKERBOT 3-D PRINTER [IMAGE] RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.FLICKR.COM/PHOTOS/CREATIVE_TOOLS/8544474991/
GOUFORIT (N.D.) SMARTPHONE [IMAGE] RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://GOUFORIT.COM/CUAL-ES-EL-MEJOR-Y-MAS-
BARATO-SMARTPHONE-LIBRE-CON-ANDROID-EN-2014-MOTOROLA-MOTO-G/
ROCKWELL, D. (2010) 3 D HUMAN WITH RED QUESTION MARK [IMAGE] RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://LEADERSHIPFREAK.WORDPRESS.COM/2010/05/PAGE/3/
SPINDER, K. (N.D.) SOCIAL MEDIA [IMAGE] RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://KIMSPINDER.NL/
