Importancia de las malezas acuaticas y su control en PR

Importancia de las malezas acuáticas y su control en Puerto Rico
Edwin Abreu
University of Puerto Rico

Objetives
1.To introduce insects for biological control of aquatic weeds: alligatorweed, waterlettuce and waterhyacinth.
2. To rear and release insects for the establishment in Puerto Rico.
3. Periodic sampling on plant density and insect damage to determine the impact of these insects on aquatic weeds.

Problems produced by aquatic weeds
1. Reduce biodiversity as it is established as monoculture.
2. Disrupt the natural ecology by substitution of native flora and fauna.
3. Floating mats obstruct navigation and recreation activities.
4. Change water parameters [CO2], [O2], pH.
5. Exacerbate mosquito problems.
6. Increase water loss by evapotraspiration(3.7 times water loss).

Martínez 2002: lake eutrofication in PR was
[37-63ug/L] TPL (Ej Plata, Carraizo y Dos Bocas)

Total Phosphorus in lakes in Puerto Rico.
Límit EPA
in PR
1,000ug/L
Criteria Std proposed by
Martínez 2003
20ug/L
Carr
DB
Pl
CA
GA
GU
CiD
Martínez 2002

Water quality criteria for nitrogen
Junio 1998
water hyacinth and water lettuce can grow at 5 ppm
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/nutstra3.pdf

12
A
D
E
B
F
C
Propagation of alligatorweed and water lettuce in greenhouse in the Agriculture Experimental Station in Isabela.
alligatorweed
Water lettuce

Alligatorweed biocontrol agents introduced in Puerto Rico
Stem borer
flea beetle
Vogtia malloi
Egg mass

Alligator weedAlternanthera phylloxeroides(Amaranthaceae)

West area in Puerto Rico

Majagual Creek Feb 27 1999
January 2000

mayo 2006
marzo 2007
Majagual Creek, Mayaguez

Río Hondo River, Bayamón
N
5
3
2
1
4

El AmalJanuary 24 2001

Liberación de A. hygrophila en Viejo cauce Río Hondo, 1 jul.1997.
Viejo cauce de Río Hondo área 1, 11 sept. 1997.
Viejo cauce de Rio Hondo Bayamón primera area de liberación, 9 de octubre de1997.
Viejo Cauce de Río Hondo. Área 1, 9 enero 1998.

Viejo cuace Río Hondo area 3, 19 abril 1999

Río Hondo

Sept 2006
Sept 2006
Feb 2002
Mayo 2005
Río Hondo Bayamón

Río Hondo
Area 3, Road 167 Bridge
Area 5, El Amal

Neohydronomus affiniswater lettuce weevil
14 spp. of mosquitos were identified associated with water lettuce.
Ej Mansonia, Culex, Anopheles Aedes

Water lettuce
Releases of:
2,328 N. affinis weevils .
938 plants
1,804 infested leaves
Campanero, 6 junio 1999

Figura2. Quebrada Campanero en Toa Baja área norte el 3 de octubre de 2000.
Figura 1. Quebrada Campanero en Toa Baja, área norte el 27 enero de 2000.
Figura 3. Quebrada Campanero en Toa Baja área norte el 15 noviembre de 2000.
Figura 4. Quebrada Campanero en Toa Baja área norte el 10 diciembre de 2000.
Figura 5. Quebrada de Campanero en Toa Baja área norte el 1 de febrero de 2001.
Figura 6. Quebrada Campanero en Toa Baja área sur el 1 de febrero de 2001.

Campanero, Bo. Ingenio, Toa Baja
Campanero 28 ago 2005
Campanero 12 sept 2006

La Plata Dam site
December 2000
April 16 1998
January 30 2002

Lago La Plata
La Plata, December 12 2005

Eichhornia crassipesJacinto de agua

Lago Carraizo, Trujillo Alto
Cuenca hidrográfica

Estado del LagoCarraizo con jacinto de agua en el 2001
Sept 2001

Biocontrol of wartehyacinth in Puerto Rico

Waterhyacinth in Puerto RicoLago Carraizo
6 water sewages treatment plants in the hydrographic captation area
sobre 29,564m3 /día

Water surface infested by waterhyacinth in Carraizo Lake
Hortensia 1996
George 1998
Hugo 1989

Sept 2001
March 2004
May 2005
Carraizo, Sector Chomos

March 2007
May 2007
April 2006

February 2008
March 2009

June 2001
June 2001
February 2008

Releases of Neochetina spp weevils and infested plants

Proportion of N. bruchi and N. eichhorniae on water hyacinth in Carraizo Lake.

Number of Neochetina spp. weevils per meter2 in Carraizo Lake.

Orthogalumna terebrantis(Acarina: Oribatida: Galumnidae)
Detected in November 2005.
Releases begun in Dec 2005.
18 releases : 7,013 leaves of water hyacinth

Releases of the mite O. terebrantis

New aquatic weeds detected in Puerto Rico Giant Salvinia Salvinia molesta

S. molesta at Dorado Golf Pond

Salvinia minima
Río Grande Arecibo creek
Caño Tiburones Reserve, Arecibo
Also established in Wild Life Refugee of Cabo Rojo, DRNA

Cyrtobagous salviniaepicudo de la salvinia
Muy efectivo contra Salvinia molesta
La larva barrena los rizoma y provoca que se desintegre.
El adulto se alimenta de las yemas de crecimiento evitando su crecimiento.
Mide 2-3 mm
Vive debajo de la hoja en contacto con el agua.
Ciclo vida 45-54d
Huevo 10d
Larva 21-30d
Pupa 14 d
USDA, ARS
Control efectivo en Australia, Nueva Guinea, India, Sri Lanka,

Release of Salvinia weevil in Dorado Golf Pound

Releases of Cyrtobagoussalviniae in Puerto Rico
This insect is not established in the Island, thus no effect has been detected so far. Possible explanation may be the low release number or different climatic conditions .

Water lily problem observed in Cabo Rojo Wild Life Refugee, DRNA

Hydrilla verticilliata in Puerto Rico 2001

Lakes with aquatic weeds
Lake aquatic weeds
Carraizo waterhyacinth, water lettuce
Dos Bocas waterhyacinth
Caonillas Mimosa pellita
Guajataca smartweed
Guayabal waterhyacinth, water lettuce
Patillas Lake smartweed
Carite, Luchetii, Garzas & Cerillos no aquatic weed

Patillas Lake
Guajataca Lake
Polygonum spp., smartweed

Some eduactional manuscripts prepared on aquatic weed problem

Newsletter reports

Agradecimientos a nuestros colaboradores
Katherine Malpica
L. Almodovar
Dr. Nelson Semidey
UPR AES
Lourdes Bernier, Gregorio Figueroa
Al Confrancesco, William Zattu, Charles Ashton , Michael Grodowitz (absent) (USACOE)
Ted Center (absent) (USDA, ARS), Phil Tipping (Univ Fl, USA)

Gacias por su atención

Importancia de las malezas acuaticas y su control en PR

by Biblioteca EEA on May 04, 2010

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