2. Module Title: Mathematics 1 Module Type: Standard module Academic Year: 2010/11, Module Code: EM-0001D Module Occurrence: A, Module Credit: 20 Teaching Period: Semester 1 Level: Foundation
3. Aims Reinforcement of basic numeracy and algebraic manipulation. A combination of lectures, seminars and tutorials is used to explain concepts and apply them through exercises
6. Numbers Number is a mathematical concept used to describe and access quantity.
7. The Beauty of Mathematics Here is an interesting and lovely way to look at the beauty of mathematics, and of God, the sum of all wonders. Wonderful World
8. 1 x 8 + 1 = 912 x 8 + 2 = 98123 x 8 + 3 = 9871234 x 8 + 4 = 987612345 x 8 + 5 = 98765123456 x 8 + 6 = 9876541234567 x 8 + 7 = 987654312345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432123456789 x 8 + 9 = 987654321
9. 1 x 9 + 2 = 1112 x 9 + 3 = 111123 x 9 + 4 = 11111234 x 9 + 5 = 1111112345 x 9 + 6 = 111111123456 x 9 + 7 = 11111111234567 x 9 + 8 = 1111111112345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111123456789 x 9 +10= 1111111111
10. 9 x 9 + 7 = 8898 x 9 + 6 = 888987 x 9 + 5 = 88889876 x 9 + 4 = 8888898765 x 9 + 3 = 888888987654 x 9 + 2 = 88888889876543 x 9 + 1 = 8888888898765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888 Brilliant, isn’t it?
11. And look at this symmetry: 1 x 1 = 111 x 11 = 121111 x 111 = 123211111 x 1111 = 123432111111 x 11111 = 123454321111111 x 111111 = 123456543211111111 x 1111111 = 123456765432111111111 x 11111111 = 123456787654321111111111 x 111111111 = 12345678987654321
12. Number Representation The number system that we use today has taken thousand of years to develop. The Arabic system that we commonly use consists of exactly ten symbols: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Each symbol is called a digit. Our system involves counting in tens. This type of system is called denary system, and 10 is called the base of the system. It is possible to use a number other than 10. For example, computer systems use base 2( the binary system) Numbers are combined together, using the four arithmetic operations. addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (×) and division (÷)
13. Powers Repeated multiplication by the same number is known as raising to a power. For example 8×8×8×8×8 is written 85 (8 to the power 5) Check your calculator for xy.
14. Place value Once a number contains more then one digits, the idea of place value is used to tell us its worth. In number 2850 and 285, the 8 stands for something different. In 285, 8 stands for 8 ‘tens’. In 2850, the 8 stands for 8 ‘hundreds’. The following table show the names given to the first seven places. The number shown is 4087026, which is 4 million eighty-seven thousands and twenty-six.
15. Real Numbers Real Numbers are any number on a number line. It is the combined set of the rational and irrational numbers.
16. Rational Numbers Rational Numbers are numbers that can be expressed as a fraction or ratio of two integers. Example: 3/5, 1/3, -4/3, -25
17. Irrational Numbers Irrational Numbers are numbers that cannot be written as a ratio of two integers. The decimal extensions of irrational numbers never terminate and never repeat. Example: – 3.45455455545555…..
18. Ratio/Quotient A comparison of two numbers by division. The ratio of 2 to 3 can be stated as 2 out of 3, 2 to 3, 2:3 or 2/3.
19. Whole numbers Whole numbers are 0 and all positive numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 4 ………
20. Integers Any positive or negative whole numbers including zero. Integers are not decimal numbers are fractions. . . .-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …
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24. x -5 -1 -4 -2 -3 1 5 2 3 4 0 Properties of Real Numbers All of the numbers that you use in everyday life are real numbers. Each real number corresponds to exactly one point on the number line, and every point on the number line represents one real number.
25. Rational numbers can be expressed as a ratio , where a and b are integers and b is not ____! Properties of Real Numbers Real numbers can be classified as either _______ or ________. rational irrational zero The decimal form of a rational number is either a terminating or repeating decimal. Examples: ratio form decimal form
26. Properties of Real Numbers Real numbers can be classified a either _______ or ________. rational irrational A real number that is not rational is irrational. repeats The decimal form of an irrational number neither __________ nor ________. terminates Examples: More Digits of PI? Do you notice a pattern within this group of numbers? They’re all PRIME numbers!
27. Example 1 Classify each number as being real, rational, irrational, integer, whole, and/or natural numbers. Pick all that apply.
28. For example, is a whole number, but , since it lies between 5 and 6, must be irrational. 2 3 6 0 10 9 4 5 8 7 1 x Properties of Real Numbers The square root of any whole number is either whole or irrational. Common Misconception: Do not assume that a number is irrational just because it is expressed using the square root symbol. Find its value first! Study Tip: KNOW and recognize (at least) these numbers,
