Introduction to Mathematics Preliminary Knowledge about Number system.

1. Mathematics for Nurses
Chapter # 01
Preliminaries
Number System
Prepared By:
Afza Malik (BScN ,CCRN)
Coordinator,
CON National Hospital & Medical Centre, Lahore.

2. Why Mathematics Need for Nurses
• Mathematics Used in Nursing
• In essence, math is a critical skill that RNs must master. Nurses have
to use addition, ratios, fractions and algebraic equations at work to
deliver medications and monitor patients on different clinical
instruments. Math is necessary for calculating medication dosages, IV
drip rates, drug titrations, and the patients' caloric inputs and outputs.
Besides that, some medicinal calculation mathematics can helps to
provide base for statistical calculations. The Statistical knowledge is
the core of Nursing Research.

3. What is Number System in Math?
A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers. It is the
mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits
or other symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a unique representation of
every number and represents the arithmetic and algebraic structure of the
figures. It also allows us to operate arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction and division.
The value of any digit in a number can be determined by:
• The digit
• Its position in the number
• The base of the number system

4. Types of Number System
• There are various types of number systems in mathematics. The four most
common number system types are:
1.Decimal number system (Base- 10)
2.Binary number system (Base- 2)
3.Octal number system (Base-8)
4.Hexadecimal number system (Base- 16)

5. Interconversion of Number System
• Direct Method
• Double Conversion

6. Definitions:
• Natural Numbers - Common counting numbers.
• N=1,2,3,4,...
• Whole Numbers - The set of Natural Numbers with the number 0
adjoined.
• W=0,1,2,3,4,…
• Integers - Whole Numbers with their opposites (negative numbers)
adjoined.
• Z=…,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,…

7. Rational Numbers - All numbers which can be written as fractions.
Q=−1/2,0.33333…,5/2,1110,…
Irrational Numbers - All numbers which cannot be written as fractions.
Q’=F=...,π,0.121221222...

8. Sr.# Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers
1.
Numbers that can be expressed as a
ratio of two number (p/q form) are
termed as a rational number.
Numbers that cannot be expressed
as a ratio of two numbers are termed
as an irrational number.
2.
Rational Number includes numbers,
which are finite or are recurring in
nature.
These consist of numbers, which are
non-terminating and non-repeating
in nature.

9. 3.
Rational Numbers includes perfect
squares such as 4, 9, 16, 25, and so on
Irrational Numbers includes surds
such as √2, √3, √5, √7 and so on.
4.
Both the numerator and denominator
are whole numbers, in which the
denominator is not equal to zero.
Irrational numbers cannot be written
in fractional form.
5.
Example: 3/2 = 1.5, 3.6767 Example: √5, √11

10. Real Numbers - The set of Rational Numbers with the set of Irrational Numbers
adjoined.
R=...,−3,−1,0,1/5,1.1,√ 2,2,3,π,…
Imaginary Numbers
An imaginary number is a real number multiplied by the imaginary unit i, which is
defined by its property −1 = 𝑖
Complex Number - A number which can be written in the form a + bi where a
and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1.
𝑅 ∪ 𝐼

11. Other Division of Numbers
• Prime Number - A natural number greater than 1 which has only 1 and
itself as factors.
• Composite Number - A natural number greater than 1 which has more
factors than 1 and itself.
• Even numbers are divisible by 2 without remainders. They end in 0, 2, 4,
6, or 8.
• Odd numbers are not evenly divisible by 2 and end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
• Multiples of number: is the product of the number and a counting number.

12. Concept of Zero
The Number Zero
• Zero is denoted by 0. It is used to depict nothing. In other words, if
something has no value at all, it is assigned the number zero as a
quantity. The number zero comes before all the counting numbers, and
forms the set of ‘whole numbers’.
0
𝐴𝑛𝑦 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
= 0 ,
𝐴𝑛𝑦 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
0
= ∞

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