Brazil has made significant efforts to control HIV through its National AIDS Control Program. Some key efforts include providing universal, free antiretroviral treatment which has doubled survival rates, treating over 180,000 patients and covering 90% of AIDS cases. Testing and prevention programs have been expanded, with over 40% of adults being tested and free condoms distributed. While progress has been made, issues remain such as increasing testing rates as only 1/3 of positive Brazilians know their status. Continued focus on prevention methods is also needed.

1. Group Work

2. Objectives
• Describe important indicators about the
disease in the given country.
• Identify the important steps taken by the
country / MoH to control the disease.
• Identify the risk factors, diagnosis & mode of
transmission of the disease.
• Describe the main problems /issues
concerning the HIV control in Brazil.

3. INTRODUCTION

6. • The Capital: Brasília
• Population (2012 est.): 205,716,890 (growth
rate: 1.1%)
• birth rate: 17.48/1000
• life expectancy: 72.79 year

7. Q1 Describe important indicators
about the disease in the given
country.

11. Q2 / Identify the important steps
taken by the country / MoH to control
the disease.

12. • The Brazilian Ministry of Health made a very
successful program for HIV control in 1986
• The program is called National AIDS Control
Program (NACP)
• participation by civil society organizations (CSOs)
and non- governmental organizations (NGOs).
The Important Steps Taken By The
Country / Moh To Control HIV In Brazil

13. • Its an aggressive and innovative program
focused on both prevention and treatment
and some of the steps are mentioned in the
following slides :
National AIDS Control Program

14. Survival
Rate
doubled
universal, free
antiretroviral treatment
180,000
patients
treated
cover
90% of
AIDS
cases
67% of
pregnant
women
were tested
141
research
70% sex
workers
report using a
condom with
last client
STD Network
for
Technological
Cooperation
established
97% of the population
knows that HIV can be
transmitted through
sexual relations
Over 40% of
adult
population
tested for HIV
at least once
Free
provision
of 1 billion
condoms
Prevention
Treatment
Reaching
to poorer
people

15. Q3 / Identify the risk factors,
diagnosis & mode of transmission of
the disease.

16. Risk factor of HIV
Unprotected sexual
activity
Having another STI
herpes, Chlamydia, syphilis, or
gonorrhea.
Sharing syringes or needles
Piercing or tattooing

17. Other risk factors
• Having had a blood transfusion or received blood
products before 1985.
• Having fewer copies of a gene that helps to fight HIV.
• Having many sexual partners.
• Having sex with a sex worker or an IV drug user with
someone with the high risk of HIV
• Are exposed to the virus as a fetus or infant before or
during birth or through breastfeeding from a mother
infected with HIV

18. Diagnosis of HIV
• HIV is most commonly diagnosed by testing your
blood or saliva for the presence of antibodies to the
virus.
• Unfortunately, these types of HIV tests aren't
accurate immediately after infection because it takes
time for your body to develop these antibodies

19. Diagnosis of HIV
• Newer type of test checks for HIV antigen
immediately after infection.
• This test can confirm a diagnosis within
days of infection.

20. Mod of Transmission
• HIV is found in specific human body fluids. If any of those fluids enter your body,
you can become infected with HIV.
• HIV is transmitted through body fluids in very specific ways.
• HIV lives and reproduces in blood and other body fluids:
– Blood
– Semen (cum)
– Pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum)
– Breast milk
– Vaginal fluids
– Rectal (anal) mucous

21. Q4 / Describe the main
problems /issues concerning the HIV
control in Brazil.

22. Introduction
The Brazilian
government has made
aggressive efforts to
minimize the impact
of the HIV epidemic.

23. General Issues
o Here is some of the general issues including
some statistics that everybody most know:
• Heterosexual & Homosexual transmission.
• Drug use by injecting.
• Blood transfusion.
• Prisoners transmission.
• Accessing testing for HIV.
• Availability of Zidovudine (AZT).

24. Heterosexual & Homosexual
Transmission
• At the beginning of the Brazilian HIV epidemic,
most of the people becoming infected with
HIV were men who have sex with men
• Since 1993 more cases of AIDS are attributed
to heterosexual transmission than homosexual
transmission.

25. Heterosexual & Homosexual
Transmission.
• In 2011, heterosexual sex accounted for:
42.4% among adult males.
83.1% among adult females!

26. Drug Use By Injecting
• The share of injecting drug use as the
exposure category in 2011 cases is:
5% among adult males
2% among adult females.

27. Blood Transfusion.
HIV transmission resulting
from contaminated blood
products and blood
transfusions is now thought to
be practically non-existent.

28. Prisoners Transmission.
• Reports indicate that inmates are particularly
at risk of becoming infected with HIV during
their time in prison (often this is associated
with injecting drug use).
HIV prevalence is as high as
20% in some prisons.

29. Accessing Testing For HIV.
• Encouraging people to access testing is an important
part of worldwide HIV prevention, as HIV-positive
people who are aware of their status are less likely to
pass infection on to other people.
• The country role is to find means and methods to
promote the people to test for HIV.
• There is still a need for many more people to access
testing facilities.

30. Accessing Testing For HIV.
It is estimated that only one third
of HIV-positive Brazilians are
aware of their status, and that
just 18.4% of Brazil’s sexually
active population has been
tested for HIV.

31. Availability of Zidovudine (AZT)
• This is the antiretroviral used to delay the
development of AIDS.
• In 1991 the government announced that it would
make the drug available for free to all Brazilians that
required it.
• In following years after making the drug available,
the national AIDS mortality rate began to decline due
to the effectiveness of the treatment.

32. Availability of Zidovudine (AZT)
So, we can admit that the country’s
role in providing AZT is accomplished
and this is no more a concern issue in
facing HIV incidence.

34. Introduction
• Sexuality and sexual expression are integral to
Brazilian culture and are discussed openly. While
some cultures associate sex with shame and
corruption, many Brazilians see it as something
that should be celebrated, and this social climate
has made it much easier to carry out HIV
prevention work.
• Some prevention points will be mentioned
accordingly to face the challenge that the culture
made:

35. Prevention methods
Condom use
Media
campaigns.
Preventing
mother to child
transmission.

36. THE REFERENCES :
-BOOKS :
 World Health Statistics 2013 - Indicator
compendium
• CDC’s Country Management and Support
Initiative
 -INTERNET WEBSITES:
http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/
http://www.nacp.go.tz/