Powers and duties of executive magistrates

THEIR FUNCTIONS AND POWERS
UNDER
THE CODE OF CRIMINAL
PROCEDURE, 1973 -
AND OTHER LAWS
A BRIEF OUTLINE

Separation of the Judiciary from
the EXECUTIVE
In pursuance of the scheme of
separation, two categories of Magistrates
have been created. They are -
(i) Judicial Magistrates.
(ii) Executive Magistrates.

The Magisterial Functions of JM and
EM
Judicial Magistrates are under the
control
of the High Court and
Executive Magistrates are under
the control of the State Government.

Cr.P.C 3(4) Where, under any law, other than this Code, the
functions exercisable by a Magistrate relate to matters—
(a) which involve the appreciation or shifting of evidence or the
formulation of any decision which exposes any person to any
punishment or penalty or detention in custody pending
investigation, inquiry or trial or would have the effect of sending
him for trial before any Court, they shall, subject to the
provisions of this Code, be exercisable by a Judicial Magistrate;
or
(b) which are administrative or executive in nature, such as, the
granting of a licence, the suspension or cancellation of a licence,
sanctioning a prosecution or withdrawing from a prosecution,
they shall, subject as aforesaid, be exercisable by an Executive
Magistrate

THE word magistrate used
in the cr.p.c. does not mean to
both jm and em. the code is
specific in, section 3 ,that any
reference without qualifyiing
words to magistrates only mean
JM

ENDORSEMENT of warrant
79. Warrant directed to police officer for execution
outside jurisdiction -
(1) When a warrant directed to a police officer is to
be executed beyond the local jurisdiction of
the Court issuing the same, he shall ordinarily take it
for endorsement either to an Executive Magistrate or
to a police officer not below the rank of an officer in
charge of a police station, within the local limits of
whose jurisdiction the warrant is to be executed.

Executive Magistrates are Criminal Courts within
the meaning of the Code vide Sec. 6 (iv) Cr.P.C.
When an Executive Magistrate acts judicially,
say for instance, when he holds an inquiry u/s 116 Cr.
P.C. in connection with a security proceeding u/s 107
Cr.P.C. he functions as a court but when he does
something purely administrative or executive in nature,
he does not perform the role of a court. When an
executive Magistrate, in exercise of the power vested
in him u/s 129 Cr.P.C. commands an unlawful
assembly to disperse,he is acting as an officer having
administrative power not under a judicial power.

1.District magistrate
2.Additional district
magistrate
3.Subdivisional magistrate
4.Special executive
magistrates

Appointment of Executive Magistrates
Executive Magistrates are to be
appointed by the State Government u/s 20
(1) Cr. P.C.
Executive Magistrates may be
appointed not only for every district but
also for every metropolitan area vide
Sec.20(1).

Cr.P.C 20. Executive Magistrates
(1) In every district and in every metropolitan area The
State Government may appoint as many persons as it thinks
fit to be Executive Magistrates and shall appoint one of them
to be the District Magistrate
(2) The State Government may appoint any Executive
Magistrate to be an Additional District Magistrate, and such
Magistrate shall have such of the powers of a District
Magistrate under this Code or under any other law for the
time being in force as may be directed by the State
Government

Cr.P.C 20 (3) Whenever, in consequence of
the office of a District Magistrate
becoming Vacant, any officer
succeeds temporarily to the executive
administration of the district, such officer
shall, pending the orders of the State
Government, exercise all the powers and
perform all the duties respectively
conferred and imposed by this Code on
the District Magistrate

(4) The State Government may place
an Executive Magistrate in charge of a
sub-division and may relieve him of
the charge as occasion requires; and
the Magistrate so placed in charge of a
sub-division shall be called the Sub-
divisional Magistrate
(5) In metroploitian areas,
commissioner of police also confered as
Exe.Mag.

21. Special Executive Magistrates
The State Government may appoint, for such term
as it may think fit, Executive Magistrates, to be
known as Special Executive Magistrates for
particular areas or for the performance of
particular functions and confer on such Special
Executive Magistrates such of the powers as are
conferrable under this Code on Executive
Magistrate, as it may deem fit
Comments
Special Executive Magistrate is entitled to exercise any of powers of the
Executive Magistrate conferred by the Code the same way as other EMs,
State of Maharashtra v Mohammad Salim Khan, (1991)1 Crimes 120 (SC)

Court Confirmations
• State Govt. can appoint Tahsildars and
Deputy Tahsildars as the Special
Executive Magistrates
• State of Tamil Nadu Vs.
R.Gandhi,1995 Cr.L.J.3129(Mad)

23. Subordination of Executive
Magistrates
(1) All Executive Magistrates, other than the Additional District Magistrate,
shall be subordinate to the District Magistrate, and every Executive
Magistrate (other than the Sub-divisional Magistrate) exercising powers in
a sub-division shall also be subordinate to the Sub-divisional
Magistrate, subject, however, to the general control of the District
Magistrate
(2) The District Magistrate may, from time to time, make rules or give
special orders, consistent with this Code, as to the distribution of business
among the Executive Magistrates subordinate to him and as to the
allocation of business to an Additional District Magistrate

44. Arrest by Magistrate
(1) When any offence is committed in the presence of a
Magistrate, whether Executive or Judicial, within his local
jurisdiction, he may himself arrest or order any person to
arrest the offender, and may thereupon, subject to the
provisions herein contained as to bail, commit the offender
to custody
(2) Any Magistrate, whether Executive or Judicial, may at
any time arrest or direct the arrest, in his presence, within
his local jurisdiction, of any person for whose arrest he is
competent at the time and in the circumstances to issue a
warrant

• Executive
magistrate do not
directly exercise
these powers,
• but through the
agency of police.

THE SPECIAL POWERS OF THE
EXECUTIVE MAGISTRATES
Ten Commandments
1.TO PASS INJUCTIONS
2.TO STOP PUBLIC NUISANCE
3.TO PREVENT UNLAWFULASSEMBLY
4.TO PREVENT DISORDER OR
APPREHENSION OF DANGER
OR BREACH OF PEACE,WHEN A
DISPUTE CONCERNING LAND AND
WATER contd…..

5.TO ATTACH SUCH SUBJECT OF DISPUTE
AND TO APPOINT RECEIVER,
6. TO ISSUE SEARCH WARRANT
7. TO HOLD INQUEST OF UNNATURAL OR
SUSPICIOUS DEATH
contd…………

8. TO TAKE DYING DECLARATION
9.MAKE ENQUIRY ON CUSTODIAL
DEATH
10. JUSTIFICATION OF POLICE
FIRING

The Constitution of India
• Article 22 (1) No person who is arrested
shall be detained in custody without being
informed, as soon as may be ,of the grounds
for such arrest nor shall he be denied the
right to consult, and to be defended by ,a
legal practioner of his choice.

The Constitution of India
• Article 22 (2) Every person who is arrested
and detained in custody shall be produced
before the nearest magistrate within a period of
24 hrs of such arrest excluding the time
necessary for the journey from the place of
arrest to court of the magistrate and no such
person shall be detained in custody beyond the
said period without the authority of a
magistrate.

Cr.PC. 58
• 58. Police to report apprehensions
• Officers in charge of police stations shall
report to the District Magistrate, or, if he so
directs, to the Sub-divisional Magistrate, the
cases of all persons arrested without
warrant, within the limits of their respective
stations, whether such persons have been
admitted to bail or otherwise

Cr.P.C 59
• 59. Discharge of person apprehended
• No person who has been arrested by a police
officer shall be discharged except on his own
bond,
• or on bail, or under the special order of a
Magistrate (i.e.Judicial mag.)

Cr.P.C.80
• Production of persons arrested on warrants
issued by the court, outside the jurisdiction
before the Executive Magistrate of the area
wherefrom arrest has been made
• May be produced before the Executive
Magistrate vide Sec. 80.

Cr.P.C.80
• 80. Procedure of arrest of person against whom
warrant issued
• When a warrant of arrest is executed outside the
district in which it was issued, the person arrested
shall, unless the Court which issued the warrant is
within 30 kilometres of the place of arrest or is nearer
than the Executive Magistrate or District
Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of Police
within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the arrest
was made, or unless security is taken under section 71,
be taken before such Magistrate or District
Superintendent or Commissioner

a warrant of arrest is executed outside
the district
• വാറണ്ടയച്ചക ാടതി 30 ി.മീ.ന്
വവളിയിലായിരിക്കു യുും
• എക്സി.മജി.,ഡി.എസ്പി
എന്നിവര്‍ അടുത്തായിരിക്കു യുും
• വെയ്താല്‍ അറസ്റ്റു വെയ്തയാവള
• ആ എ.മജി വെകയാ
സൂപ്പണ്ടിവെകയാ മുമ്പാവ
ഹാജരാക്കണും

Cr.P.C.81
• 81. Procedure by Magistrate before whom
such person arrested is brought
• (1) The Executive Magistrate or District
Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of
Police shall, if the person arrested appears to
be the person intended by the Court which
issued the warrant, direct his removal in
custody to such Court:

CrPC 81 proviso,(1)
• Provided that, if the offence is bailable, and such
person is ready and willing to give bail
• to the satisfaction of such Magistrate, District
Superintendent or Commissioner, or a direction
• has been endorsed under section 71 on the warrant and
such person is ready and willing to give
• the security required by such direction, the Magistrate,
District Superintendent or Commissioner
• shall take such bail or security, as the case may be,
and forward the bond, to the Court which
• issued the warrant:

CrPC 81 proviso,(2)
• Provided further that if the offence is a non-bailable
one, it shall be lawful for the Chief
• Judicial Magistrate (subject to the provisions of
section 437), or the Sessions Judge, of the
• district in which the arrest is made on consideration of
the information and the documents
• referred to in sub-section (2) of section 78 to release
such person on bail
• (2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prevent a
police officer from taking security under section 71

CrPC 71
• 71. Power to direct security to be taken
• (1) Any Court issuing a warrant for the arrest of any person
may in its discretion direct by endorsement on the warrant
that, if such person executes a bond with sufficient sureties
for his attendance before the Court at a specified time and
thereafter until otherwise directed by the Court the officer
to whom the warrant is directed shall take such security
and shall release such person from custody
• (2) The endorsement shall state—
• (a) the number of sureties;(b) Amount;(c) time to attend
before court
• (3) shall take such bail or security, as the case may be, and
forward the bond, to the Court which issued the warrant:

CrPC 78
• 78. Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction (1) When a
warrant is to be executed outside the local jurisdiction of the
Court issuing it, such Court may, instead of directing the warrant to
a police officer within its jurisdiction, forward it by post or
otherwise to any Executive Magistrate or District Superintendent
of Police or Commissioner of Police within the local limits of whose
jurisdiction it is to be executed; and the Executive Magistrate or
District Superintendent or Commissioner shall endorse his name
thereon, and if practicable, cause it to be executed in the manner
hereinbefore provided
• (2) The Court issuing a warrant under sub-section (1) shall forward,
along with the warrant, the substance of the information against the
person to be arrested together with such documents, if any, as may
be sufficient to enable the Court acting under section 81 to decide
whether bail should or should not be granted to the person

Power to Search
• Powers of the District Magistrate and the Sub-
Divisional Magistrate to issue search-warrants or to
make orders
• (a) U/S 94 Cr.P.C. for search of places suspected
to contain stolen property, forged documents etc.
• (b) U/S 97 Cr.P.C. for search of persons
wrongfully confined.
• (c) U/S 98 Cr.P.C. for restoration of abducted
females

search warrant
• 93(1) Cr.P.C. authorises a court to issue
search warrant for document or thing.An
Executive Magistrate, while acting as court
may also issue search-warrant U/S 93(1)
Cr.P.C. in appropriate cases after due
enquiry and upon proper material.

94. Search of place suspected to contain stolen
property, forged documents, etc
• (1) If a District Magistrate, Sub-divisional
Magistrate or Magistrate of the first class, upon
information and after such inquiry as he thinks
necessary, has reason to believe that any place is
used for the deposit or sale of stolen property, or
for the deposit, sale or production of any
objectionable article to which this section applies,
or that any such objectionable article is deposited
in any place, he may by warrant authorise any
police officer above the rank of a constable—

97. Search for persons wrongfully confined
• If any District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or
Magistrate of the first class has reason to
• believe that any person is confined under such
circumstances that the confinement amounts to an
• offence, he may issue, a search-warrant, and
the person to whom such warrant is directed may
• search for the person so confined; and such search shall
be made in accordance therewith, and
• the person, if found, shall be immediately taken before
a Magistrate, who shall make such order
• as in the circumstances of the case seems prope

98. Power to compel restoration of abducted females
• Upon complaint made on oath of the abduction or
unlawful detention of a woman, or a female child under
the age of eighteen years, for any unlawful purpose, a
District Magistrate, Sub divisional Magistrate or
Magistrate of the first class may make an order for
the immediate restoration of such woman to
her liberty, or of such female child to her husband,
parent, guardian
• or other person having the lawful charge or such child,
and may compel compliance with such order, using
such force as may be necessary

Power to direct search in his presence
• An Executive Magistrate, if and when he is
competent to issue a search warrant may,
instead of issuing a search warrant, direct a
search to be made in his presence vide Sec.
103.

CrPC 103
• 103. Magistrate may direct search in his
presence
• Any Magistrate may direct a search to be
made in his presence of any place for the
search of which he is competent to issue a
search warrant.

The Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1980

Security for keeping peace and for
good behaviour
• An Executive Magistrate is competent to
demand security as indicated below:-
• (a) for keeping peace in cases otherwise than
on conviction vide Section 107.
• (b) for good behaviour from persons
disseminating seditious matters vide Section
108.

Security for keeping peace and for
good behaviour
• (c) for good behaviour from suspected persons
vide Section 109.
• (d) for good behaviour from habitual offenders
vide Section 110.
• Sections 111 to 124 lay down the procedure to
be followed for the exercise of such magisterial
jurisdiction. Section 116 provides for the inquiry
to be held.

CrPC 107 (1)
• 107. Security for keeping the peace in other cases
• (1) When an Executive Magistrate receives information
that any person is likely to commit a breach of the peace or
disturb the public tranquillity or to do any wrongful act that
may probably occasion a breach of the peace or disturb the
public tranquillity and is of opinion that there is sufficient
ground for proceeding, he may in the manner hereinafter
provided, require such person to show cause why he should
not be ordered to execute a bond with or without sureties
for keeping the peace for such period, not exceeding one
year, as the Magistrate thinks fit

CrPC 107 (2)
(2) Proceeding under this section may be taken
before any Executive Magistrate when either the
place where the breach of the peace or disturbance
is apprehended is within his local jurisdiction
or there is within such jurisdiction a person who is
likely to commit a breach of the peace or
disturb the public tranquillity or to do any wrongful
act as aforesaid beyond such jurisdiction

Cr.PC 108
• 108. Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating
seditious matters
• (1) When an Executive Magistrate receives information that there is
within his local jurisdiction
• any person who, within or without such jurisdiction,—
• (i) either orally or in writing or in any other manner, intentionally
disseminates(പ്പെരിപ്പിക്കു ) or
• attempts to disseminate or abets the dissemination of,—
• (a) any matter the publication of which is punishable under section
124A or
• section 153A or section 153B or section 295A of the Indian Penal
Code (45 of
• 1860),

Indian Penal Code
• 124A. Sedition (രാജയകപ്രാഹും)—Whoever, by
words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by
visible representation, or otherwise, brings or
attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or
excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards,
the Government established by law in India, shall
be punished with imprisonment for life, to
which fine may be added, or with imprisonment
which may extend to three years, to which fine may
be added, or with fine.

Indian Penal Code
• 153A.(1) Promoting enmity between different
groups on grounds of religion,race, place of
birth, residence, language, etc., and doing
acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony

Indian Penal Code
• Offence committed in place of worship,
etc.—153എ(2) Whoever commits an offence
• specified in sub-section (1) in any place of
worship or in any assembly engaged in
• the performance of religious worship or
religious ceremonies, shall be punished
• with imprisonment which may extend to five
years and shall also be liable to fine.

Indian Penal Code
• 295A. Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to
outrage (അക്രമം)religious feelings of any class by
insulting its religion or religious beliefs —
• Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention of
outraging the religious feelings of any class of citizens
of India, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs
or by visible representations or otherwise, insults or
attempts to insult the religion or the religious beliefs
of that class, shall be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to
three years, or with fine, or with both

CrPC 108
• 108 [1](ii) makes, produces, publishes or keeps
for sale, imports, exports, conveys, sells, lets to
• hire, distributes, publicly exhibits or in any
other manner puts into circulation any
• obscene matter such as is referred to in
section 292 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of
• 1860),(I P C 292. Sale, etc., of obscene books,
etc.—)

CrPC 108
• 108 (2) No proceeding shall be taken under this
section against the editor, proprietor, printer or
• publisher of any publication registered under, and
edited, printed and published in conformity
• with, the rules laid down in the Press and Registration
of Books Act, 1867 (25 of 1867), with
• reference to any matter contained in such publication
except by the order or under the authority
• of the State Government or some officer empowered by
the State Government in this behalf

CrPC 109
• 109. Security for good behaviour from suspected
persons -When an Executive Magistrate receive
information that there is within his local jurisdiction
a person taking precautions to conceal his presence
and that there is reason to believe that he is doing so
with a view to committing a cognizable offence, the
Magistrate may, in the manner hereinafter
provided, require such person to show cause why he
should not be ordered to execute a bond, with or
without sureties, for his good behaviour for such
period, not exceeding one year , as the Magistrate
thinks fit

CrPC 110
• 110. Security for good behaviour from habitual
offenders
• When an Executive Magistrate receives information
that there is within his local jurisdiction a person
who—
• (a) is by habit a robber, house-breaker, thief, or
forger, or
• (b) is by habit a receiver of stolen property knowing
the same to have been stolen, or
• (c) habitually protects or harbours thieves, or aids in
the concealment of disposal of
• stolen property, or

CrPC 110
• 110(d) habitually commits, or attempts to
commit, or abets the Commission of, the
offence of
• kidnapping, abduction, extortion, cheating or
mischief, or any
• offence punishable under Chapter XII of the
Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), or under
• section 489A, section 489B, section 489C or
section 489D of that Code, or

IPC Chapter XII
• OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN AND
GOVERNMENT STAMPS
• SEC. 230 TO 263A
• 489A- COUNTERFEITING CURRENCY NOTES OR
BANK NOTES
• 489B-USING AS GENUINE, FORGED COUNTERFEIT
CURRENCY
• 489C-POSSESSION OF FORGED OR COUNTERFEIT
CURRENCY
• 489D- MAKING OR POSSESSING OF
INSTRUMENTSOR MATRIALS FOR
COUNTERFEITING CURRENCY NOTES OR BANK
NOTES

CrPC 110
• (e) habitually commits, or attempts to commit, or
abets the Commission of,
• offences, involving a breach of the peace, or
• (f) habitually commits, or attempts to commit, or
abets the commission of—
• (i) any offence under one or more of the following
Acts, namely:—
• (a) the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23 of 1940);
• (b) the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46
of 1973);

THE DRUGS AND COSMETICS ACT, 1940
• 22. Powers of Inspectors—(1) Subject to the
provisions of section 23 and of any rules
• made by the Central Government in this
behalf, an Inspector may, within the local
limits of
• the area for which he is appointed, —

THE DRUGS AND COSMETICS ACT, 1940
• 22(2) The provisions of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 2[1973 (2 of 1974)] shall, so far as
• may be, apply to any search or seizure under
this Chapter as they apply to any search or
• seizure made under the authority of a warrant
issued under section 2[94] of the said Code.

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 413 OF 2000
supreme court
• as per the directions of District Magistrate,
• appellant conducted raid at the medical shop of
respondent
• No.2 around 5.15 p.m. in the presence of two
Executive
• Magistrates and certain medicines were seized.
• Sections 27(b)(ii) and 28 of the Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940

CrPC 110 (i)cdefgh
• (c) the Employees' Provident Funds and Family
Pension Fund Act, 1952
• (19 of 1952);
• (d) the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
(37 of 1954);
• (e) the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (10 of
1955);
• (f) the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955 (22 of
1955);
• (g) the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962); or

FORM NO. 12
Bond to Keep the Peace
(See sections 106 and 107)
• WHEREAS I……………………………….. (name) inhabitant of
• ………………. (place), have been called upon to enter into a bond to keep
• the peace for the term of………………or until the completion of the
• inquiry in the matterof……………………………………..now pending in
the
• court of……………… ……………… I hereby bind myself not to commit
a
• breach of the peace, or do any act that may probably occasion a breach
• of the peace, during the said term or until the completion of the said
• inquiry and, in case of my making default therein; I hereby bind myself
• to forfeit to Government the sum of Rupees……………………………
•
• Dated, this ………………………… day of………………… 20…………
•
• (Seal of the Court) (Signature) 8

FORM NO. 13
Bond for Good Behaviour
(See sections 108, 109 and 110)
• WHERES I…………………………………….(name, inhabitant of (place)…………… have been
called upon to enter, into a bond to be of good behaviour to Government and all the citizens of India
for the term of ………………………………..(state the period) or until the completion of the inquiry
in the matter of …………………now pending in the court of ………………….. . I hereby bind
myself to be of good behaviour to Government and all the citizens of India during the said term or
until the completion of' the said inquiry; and, in case of my making default therein, I hereby, myself
to forfeit to Government the sum of rupees……………………………….
• Dated, this ………………………… day of………………… 20…………
• (Seal of the court) (Signature)
• (Where a bond with sureties to be executed, add………..)
• We do hereby declare ourselves sureties for the above-named…………………………. that he will
be of good behaviour to Government and all the citizens of India during the said term or until tile
completion of the said inquiry; and, in case of his making default therein, we bind ourselves, jointly
and severally, to forfeit to Government the sum of rupees……………….
• Dated, this ………………………… day of………………… 19…………
• (Seal of the court)
• (Signature)

• 3.
• 19.10.09
• U/S 111, 113 & 114 Cr.P.C.
• The present Report intentionally whereas appears the O P
• The First Party is present. Seen the Police Report. Whereas it appears from
the report of the O/C ………P.S. that the O.P. is making constant threats
with dire consequences to the petitioner intentionally. And it that O.P. could
not be restrained despite cautions made to him by the O/C of the P.S. And
whereas it appears that unless any action is taken against the O.P. there is
likelihood of disturbances of public tranquility. Hence, on being satisfied
about the existence of sufficient ground for proceeding against the O.P., I,
hereby, order for issuing a show cause notice through Summon upon the
O.P. as to why he should not be asked to execute a Bond of Rs 1,000/-only
with one Surety of like amount for maintaining peace in the locality for a
period of one year. Copy of this order be also sent along with the Summon
to the O/C … P.S. for service upon the O.P. and to submit S.R. by the next
date fixed to 02.11.2009. Sd/-

Model Proceeding (Section 107)
• 1. 20 09 2009 u/s 107 Cr.P.C.
• Seen the petition filed by the petitioner (first
party) alleging against the opposite party for his
commitment of certain acts that are likely to cause
breach of the peace or to disturb public tranquility
and praying for taking action u/s 107 Cr.P.C.
• Considered. Send the petition to the
O/C…………P.S. for a report
• To 04.10.2009.
• Sd/-

• 2. 04.10.09
• The First Party files affidavit through his
Advocate and is also present in person. No
report received from the P.S. Issue reminder.
• To
• 19 10 2009 for report.
• Sd

• 4. 02 11 09
• The petitioner is present. S.R. received. The O.P.
appears in person and files affidavit through his
Advocate. The O.P. is asked as to whether he
admits the allegations made against him or wants
to defend the case. The O.P. wants to defend the
case. Hence, he is directed to file Written
Objection.
• To
• 17.11.2009 for W/O by the O.P. Sd/-

• 5. 17.11.09 u/s 116 Cr.P.C.
• Both the parties are present. The O.P. files
written objection. Copy of the same is served
upon the petitioner (F.P.). The petitioner wants
to put evidence from his side. Allowed.
• To
• 30.11.2009 for oral evidence by the F.P. &
cross examination.
• Sd

• 6. 30 11 09
• Both the parties are present. F.P. produces two
witnesses. Evidence in chief as well as cross
examination is concluded. The O.P. wants to
adduce evidences from his side. Allowed.
• To
• 10.12.2009 for evidence from O.P.’s side.
• Sd/-

• 7. 10.12.09
• Both the parties are present. The O.P. is
present with one witness. Evidence from the
O.P.’s side as well as cross-examination is
concluded.
• To
• 28.12.2009 for hearing on argument.
• Sd/-

• 8. 28 12 09
• Both the parties are present. Heard both the
sides.
• To
• 15.01.2010 for order.
• Sd

• 9. 15.01.10 u/s117 Cr.P.C.
• ORDER
• Case of the First Party:-In brief including the evidences given from his side.
• Case of the Opposite Party:-In brief including the evidences given from his side.
• Issue to be decided:-In the aforesaid circumstances, it is to be decided whether the
O.P. is required to execute a Bond for keeping the peace in the locality.
………………………………… In the aforesaid analysis I am satisfied that there is
every likelihood from the end of the O.P. to commit breach of the peace or disturb
public tranquility and that it can be prevented if the O.P. is directed to execute a
Bond for keeping peace. Hence it is ordered that: Let the O.P. execute a Bond of Rs
• 1,000/-(rupees one thousand) only with one surety of like amount for maintaining
peace in the locality for a period of one year, in failure to judicial custody.
• To 22.01.2010 for furnishing Bond by the O.P.
• Sd/-

• 10. 22.01. 10
• Both the parties are present. O.P. furnishes
Bond as per order. Perused the Bond.
• Satisfied. Accepted the Bond. O.P. is released.
The petition of the First Party is disposed of.
• To 23.01.11
• Sd/-

• 11. 23.01. 11
• Both parties present. There is no report from
any corner about breach of bond
• executed by OP. Hence the OP is discharged
and instant case is filed.
• Sd/-

CrPC 129
• Power to disperse assembly by use of force
• (a) Any Executive Magistrate is competent to command an
unlawful assembly, actual or potential, to disperse vide
Section 129(1).
• (b) Any Executive Magistrate, may disperse such assembly
by use of Civil Force vide Section 129(2).
• (c) If such assembly cannot be dispersed otherwise, the
Executive Magistrate of the highest rank present may cause
it to be dispersed by armed forces vide Sec.130.

CrPC 129
• 129. Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force
• (1) Any Executive Magistrate or officer in charge
of a police station or, in the absence of such
• officer in charge, any police officer, not below the
rank of a sub-inspector, may command any
• unlawful assembly, or any assembly of five or
more persons likely to cause a disturbance of the
• public peace, to disperse; and it shall thereupon
be the duty of the members of such assembly to
• disperse accordingly

CrPC 129
• 129(2) If, upon being so commanded, any such assembly does
not disperse, or
• if, without being so commanded, it conducts itself in such a
manner as to show a determination
• not to disperse, any Executive Magistrate or police officer
referred to in sub-section (1), may
• proceed to disperse such assembly by force, and may require the
assistance of any make person,
• not being an officer or member of the armed forces and acting
as such, for the purpose of
• dispersing such assembly, and, if necessary, arresting and
confining the persons who form part of
• it, in order to disperse such assembly or that they may be
punished according to law

CrPC 130 (1)
• 130. Use of armed forces to disperse assembly
(1) If any such assembly cannot be otherwise
dispersed, and if it is necessary for the public
security that it should be dispersed, the
Executive Magistrate of the highest rank who
is present may cause it to be dispersed by the
armed forces

CrPC 130 (2)
• 130(2) Such Magistrate may require any officer in
command of any group of persons belonging to
• the armed forces to disperse the assembly with the
help of the armed forces under his command,
• and to arrest and confine such persons forming
part of it as the Magistrate may direct, or as it
• may be necessary to arrest and confine in order to
disperse the assembly or to have them
• punished according to law

CrPC 130(3)
• 130(3) Every such officer of the armed forces
shall obey such requisition in such manner as
he thinks fit, but in so doing he shall use as
little force, and do as little injury to person and
property, as may be consistent with dispersing
the assembly and arresting and detaining such
persons.

CrPC 132
• 132. Protection against prosecution for acts done under
preceding sections
• (1) No prosecution against any person for any act
purporting to be done under section 129,
• section 130 or section 131 shall be instituted in any
Criminal Court except—
• (a) with the sanction of the Central Government where
such person is an officer or
• member of the armed forces;
• (b) with the sanction of the State Government in any
other case

CrPC 132 –defence against suit
• `132(2) (a) No Executive Magistrate or police officer
acting under any of the said sections in good faith;
• (b) no person doing any act in good faith in compliance
with a requisition under section 129 or section 130;
• (c) no officer of the armed forces acting under section
131 in good faith;
• (d) no member of the armed forces doing any act in
obedience to any order which he was bound to obey,
shall be deemed to have thereby, committed an offence

Power to deal with public nuisances
• A District Magistrate or a Sub-Divisional
Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate
specially empowered in this behalf by the State
Government is competent to:-
• (a) pass a conditional order for removal of
nuisance vide Section 133.

• (b) make an inquiry as to the existence of
public right when it is denied vide Section 137.
• (c) hold an inquiry with a view to determining
whether conditional order should be confirmed
or modified or further proceeding dropped vide
Section 138.

• (d) such Magistrate may issue injunction,
pending inquiry, to prevent imminent danger
or injury of a serious kind to the public vide
Section 142, read with Section 133.
• (e) such Magistrate may prohibit repetition or
continuance of public nuisance vide Section
143.

CrPC 133
• 133. Conditional order for removal of nuisance -
• (1) Whenever a District Magistrate or a Sub-
divisional Magistrate or any other Executive
• Magistrate specially empowered in this behalf by
the State Government on receiving the report
• of a police officer or other information and on
taking such evidence (if any) as he thinks fit,
• considers—

CrPC 138
• 138. Procedure where he appears to show cause
• (1) If the person against whom an order under section 133 is
made appears and shows cause
against the order, the Magistrate shall take evidence in the
matter as in a summons-case
• (2) If the Magistrate is satisfied that the order, either as
originally made or subject to such
modification as he considers necessary, is reasonable and
proper, the order shall be made
absolute without modification or, as the case may be, with
such modification
• (3) If the Magistrate is not so satisfied, no further
proceedings shall be taken in the case

CrPC 139
• 139. Power of Magistrate to direct local
investigation and examination of an expert

CrPC 140
• 140. Power of Magistrate to furnish written
instructions, etc

CrPC 141
• 141. Procedure on order being made absolute
and consequences of disobedience he will be
liable to the penalty provided by section 188 of
the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)

Cr.P.C.142
• 142. Injunction pending inquiry till disposal of
the case

Cr.P.C.143
• 143. Magistrate may prohibit repetition or
continuance of public nuisance

CrPC 144
• Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance
or apprehended danger
• A District Magistrate, a Sub-Divisional
Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate
specially empowered in this behalf by the State
Government may, in the circumstances set forth in
Section 144 Cr.P.C., direct any person either to
abstain from a certain act or to take certain order
with regard to certain property in his possession
or under his management.

CrPC 144
• 144. Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or
apprehended danger
• (1) In cases where, in the opinion of a District Magistrate, a Sub-
divisional Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate specially
empowered by the State Government in this behalf, there is
sufficient ground for proceeding under this section and immediate
prevention or speedy remedy is desirable, such Magistrate may, by a
written order stating the material facts of the case and served in the
manner provided by section 134, direct any person to abstain from a
certain act or to take certain order with respect to certain property in
his possession or under his management , if such Magistrate
considers that such direction is likely to prevent, or tends to prevent,
• obstruction, annoyance or injury to any person lawfully employed,
or danger to human life , health or safety, or a disturbance of the
public tranquillity, or a riot, or an affray

CrPC 144
• Such direction may be given to prevent
• (i) obstruction, annoyance or injury to any
person lawfully employed. or (ii) danger to
human life, health or safety or (ii) disturbance
of public tranquillity, or a riot or any affray.

Cr.P.C.144
• 144. Power to issue order in urgent cases of
nuisance or apprehended danger to prevent,
or tends to prevent, obstruction, annoyance
or injury to any person lawfully employed,
or danger to human life, health or safety, or
a disturbance of the public tranquillity, or a
riot, or an affray

Cr.P.C.144
• 144(4) No order under this section shall
remain in force for more than two months from
the making thereof:

Cr.P.C.145
• 145.(1) Procedure where dispute concerning
land or water is likely to cause breach of peace
make an order in writing, stating the grounds
of his being so satisfied, and requiring the
parties concerned in such dispute to attend his
Court in person or by pleader, on a specified
date and time, and to put in written
• statements of their respective claims as respects
the fact of actual possession of the subject of
• dispute

Cr.P.C.145
• (2)land or water" includes buildings,
markets, fisheries, crops or other produce of
land, and the rents or profits of any such
property

• (4) The Magistrate shall (i) examine the
statements so put in,(ii) hear the parties,
• (iii)receive all such evidence as may be
produced by them,(iv) take such further
evidence,(v) decide whether and which of the
parties was in possession of the subject of
dispute:

• Provided that if it appears to the Magistrate that
any party has been forcibly and
• wrongfully dispossessed within two months
next before the date on which the report of a
police
• officer or other information was received by the
Magistrate, or after that date and before the date
• of his order under sub-section (1), he may treat
the party so dispossessed as if that party had
been in possession on the date of his order
under sub-section (1)

• (8) If the Magistrate is of opinion that any crop or
other produce of the property, the subject of
• dispute in a proceeding under this section pending
before him, is subject to speedy and natural
• decay, he may make an order for the proper
custody or sale of such property, and, upon the
• completion of the inquiry, shall make such order
for the disposal of such property, or the sale
proceeds thereof, as he thinks fit

• (9) The Magistrate may, if he thinks fit, at any
stage of the proceedings under this section, on
the application of either party, issue a
summons to any witness directing him to
attend or to produce any document or thing

• 146. Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint
receiver -
• (1) If the Magistrate at any time after making the order
under sub-section (1) of section 145
• considers the case to be one of emergency, or if he decides
that none of the parties was then in
• such possession as is referred to in section 145, or if he is
unable to satisfy himself as to which of
• them was then in such possession of the subject of dispute,
he may attach the subject of dispute
• until a competent Court has determined the rights of the
parties thereto with regard to the person
• entitled to the possession thereof:

• Provided that such Magistrate may withdraw
the attachment at any time if he is satisfied
• that there is no longer any likelihood of breach
of the peace with regard to the subject of
dispute

• (2) When the Magistrate attaches the subject of
dispute, he may, if no receiver in relation to such
• subject of dispute has been appointed by any civil
Court, make such arrangements as he
• considers proper for looking after the property or
if he thinks fit Appoint a receiver thereof, who
• shall have, subject to the control of the
Magistrate, all the powers of a receiver appointed
under
• the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908)

147. Dispute concerning right of use of land or
water -
• (1) Whenever an Executive Magistrate is satisfied
from the report of a police officer or upon other
information, that a dispute likely to cause a
breach of the peace exists regarding any alleged
right of user of any land or water within his local
jurisdiction, whether such right be claimed as an
easement or otherwise, he shall make an order in
writing, stating the grounds of his being so
satisfied and requiring the parties concerned in
such dispute to attend his Court in person or by
pleader on a specified date and time and to put in
written statements of their respective claims

• (2) The Magistrate shall then peruse the
statements so put in, hear the parties, receive
all such evidence as may be produced by them
respectively, consider the effect of such
evidence, take such further evidence, if any, as
he thinks necessary and, if possible, decide
whether such right exists; and the provisions
of section 145 shall, so far as may be, apply in
the case of such inquiry

• (3) If it appears to such Magistrate that such
rights exist, he may make an order
prohibiting any interference with the exercise
of such right, including, in a proper case, an
order for the removal of any obstruction in
the exercise of any such right:

P&T search
• 93(3) Nothing contained in this section shall
authorise any Magistrate other than a District
Magistrate or Chief Judicial Magistrate to
grant a warrant to search for a document, parcel
or other thing in the custody of the postal or
telegraph authority

K A P P A
THE KERALA ANTI-SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
(PREVENTION) ACT,
• W.P.Crl No.368/09.
• a) This writ petition is allowed.
• b) The impugned order is set aside on the
ground that the 3rd respondent who is only a
District Magistrate temporarily in charge has
no legal competence to exercise delegated
authority under Section 3(2) of the KAAPA.

KAPPA 3(1)
• 3. Power to make orders for detaining Known Goondas and
• Known Rowdies.--(1) The Government or an officer
authorised under sub-section (2), may, if satisfied on
information received from a Police Officer not below the
rank of a Superintendent of Police with regard to the
activities of any Known Goonda or Known Rowdy, that,
• with a view to prevent such person from committing any
anti-social activity within the State of Kerala in any manner,
it is necessary so to do, make an order directing that such
person be detained.
• .

KAPPA 3(2)
• (2) If having regard to the circumstances prevailing, or
• likely to prevail in any area, the Government, if
satisfied that it is necessary so to do, may, by order in
writing, direct that during such period as may be
specified in the said order, the District Magistrate
having jurisdiction may exercise the powers under
sub-section (1) in respect of such persons residing
within his jurisdiction or in respect of such persons
not so resident who have been indulging in or about to
• indulge in or abet any anti-social activities within such
jurisdiction

Summons by s.i
• To,
• Remesan, Age 42/10
• S/o.Gopalan
• Niravath (H), Maradu
• Ernakulam
• It has been made to appear that you have committed the offences mentioned below
on 23-3-2010 at 10.20 p.m. at Maradu. You are directed to appear before the ACJM Court,
Ernakulam at 11 0' clock on 10-5-2010 to answer the charge in the aforesaid petty case.
• Offence:- U/s. 279 I.P.C. & 132 (1) r/w 179 M.C. Act.
• Cr.446/10
• Signature of Ramesan
• (Signature)
• S.I. Panangad
next

Crl.M.C. Nos. 2125 of 2010
Notice issued by the Sub Inspector without any authority.
• Secondly, it was an arrangement made by means
• of administrative instructions in a conference convened
by the Chief Judicial Magistrate (District Magistrate
(Judicial) of Trivandrum, for expeditious disposal of
"petty offences" by the Magistrates in Trivandrum
District only.
• Thirdly, such executive instructions which are contrary
to the provisions of law cannot legalise the procedure
given thereunder. The above Circular was issued by the
Police Department at a time when Executive
Magistrates were invested with judicial powers as
well. But under the present Code there is a clear
separation of the Judiciary from the Executive.

Crl.M.C. Nos. 2125 of 2010
• No executive instruction can take away or abridge
the power of the Magistrate to issue process
for summoning an accused person to answer a
charge for a criminal offence alleged to have been
committed by him.
• The said power of the Magistrate under Sec. 204
Cr.P.C. Generally and under Sec. 206 (1) in
the case of petty offences cannot be delegated
by him to the police nor can any police officer
arrogate to himself the said power which is
exclusively vested in the Magistrate.

Crl.M.C. Nos. 2125 of 2010
• In Ajay Kumar Bhuyan v. State of Orissa - 2003
• (1) SCC 707 the Apex Court repelled a plea urged on
behalf of the State of Orissa that administrative
instructions issued by the State Government under the
Orissa Police Manual, 1940 were having statutory
force. It was held that they were only authoritative
guides for the officers of the Police Department and
could not be termed as statutory rules constituting
"existing law" within the meaning of Article 313 of the
Constitution of India.
• ".

OVERRIDING EFFECT OF ACT
• In Punjab Water Supply
• and Sewerage Board v. Ranjodh Singh -
AIR 2007 SC 1082 the Supreme Court
observed as follows:-
• "Any departmental letter or
executive instruction cannot prevail
over statutory rule and constitutional
provisions”

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