user0076

1. It borders in north and east for
about 600 miles with Sin kiang and
Tibet provinces of China and in the
south and west for about 750 miles
with Pakistan. A thirty miles stretch
of Wakhan, an Afghan territory
separates it from Tajikistan, whereas
towards south, it forms a border
with India.

2. • Strategically, the importance of this area
cannot be over emphasized as it lies at the
intersection of the great Himalayas,
Hindukush and Karakoram ranges.

3. • It is located in the extreme NW corner of Sub-
Continent. where borders of five countries
converge, i.e. former USSR, China,
Afghanistan, India and Pakistan.

4. • Geographical Over View• The state of Jammu
and Kashmir before 1947 had an area of
84,471 square miles

5. • Kashmir – Implications on Pakistan The importance of
Kashmir to Pakistan as the lifeline of Pakistan can be well -
understood by having a look at the map of Pakistan. Three
out of six rivers, which run through Pakistan, originate from
Kashmir namely Rivers Indus, Jhelum and Chenab where as
remaining three Rivers Ravi, Sutlaj and Biyas originate from
India. Economically, the waters of the Indus, Jhelum and
Chenab, which originate through Kashmir, are vital to the
agricultural life of Pakistan. Assuming that Kashmir was to
accede to India, the same would also apply to the other
three rivers, and not only the water of the rivers which flow
from India to Pakistan but also that of the rivers which flow
from Kashmir into Pakistan would be denied to Pakistan.

6. • Millions of acres of cultivated land would be turned
into wasteland and millions of people would be faced
with starvation• b. Kashmir also assumes added
importance for Pakistan from military point of view.
Without Kashmir, Silk route to China will be greatly
endangered and there will be no link with China-a time
tested ally and friend of Pakistan.• c. There will be no
ground defense of Pakistan if the rivers and canals of
Pakistan are dried up.• d. The strategic location of the
state, close proximity of its SE borders to 180 miles
long vital road and rail route between Rawalpindi and
Lahore.

7. • Kashmir – Implications on IndiaIf critically
analyzed, the presumed strategicimportance of
Kashmir as per Indian viewpointis more based on
desire to having hegemony inthe region rather
than based on securitycompulsions, as is the case
with Pakistan. It isexactly what was termed by Mr.
Liaqat Ali Khan,the Late Prime Minister of
Pakistan in 1951 as“luxury to India” and a “vital
necessity ofPakistan” if judged from the
securitycompulsions of both the countries.

8. • Kashmir – Implications on Pakistan• Three out of six rivers,
which run through Pakistan, originate from Kashmir namely
Rivers Indus, Jhelum and Chenab where as remaining three
Rivers Ravi, Sutlaj and Biyas originate from India.• Kashmir
also assumes added importance for Pakistan from military
point of view. Without Kashmir, Silk route to China will be
greatly endangered and there will be no link with China-a
time tested ally and friend of Pakistan.• There will be no
ground defence of Pakistan if the rivers and canals of
Pakistan are dried up.• The strategic location of the state,
close proximity of its SE borders to 180 miles long vital road
and rail route between Rawalpindi and Lahore.

9. • Pakistan is located at a region which has great
political, economic and strategic location. It has been
hub of activities of great powers for last 20 years. It
has witnessed intervention of three great powers I-e
Britain, USSR, and USA. Its significance was further
enhanced during cold war when it becomes ally of US
policy of containment of USSR and now the post cold
war era has witnessed its significance particularly
after the events of 9/11.

10. • Bridge between South Asia and South West Asia; Iran
and Afghanistan are energy abundant while India and
China are lacking of. China finds way to Indian Ocean
and Arabian Sea through Karakorum. China with its
fastest economic growth rate of 9%; is developing its
southern provinces because its own port is 4500 km
away from Sinkiang but Gawader is 2500 km away.
Pakistan offers to CARs the shortest route of 2600 km
as compared to Iran (4500 km) or Turkey (5000 km).
Land locked Afghanistan now at the phase of
Reconstruction, finds its ways through Pakistan.
Gawader port with its deep waters attracts the trade
ships of China, CARs and South East Asian Countries.

12. • Iran is struggling to export its surplus gas and
oil to eastern countries. Qatar Pakistan and
Turkmenistan Pipeline projects highlight the
position. Pakistan would get 400 million dollar
annually if IPI gets success. Mountain Ranges
such as Himalayas, Hindu Kush in the North
are plentiful in providing water and natural
resources.

13. • It has resource rich area in the north-west,
people rich in the north-east.” Pakistan is a
junction of South Asia, West Asia and Central
Asia, a way from resource efficient countries
to resource deficient countries. The world is
facing energy crisis and terrorism. Pakistan is
a route for transportation

14. • Pakistan is located at the junction of great
powers. In its neighbor’s one world power
Russia and the other emerging power china.
Any alliance among world powers enhances its
significance. This factor has been utilized by
Pakistan after 9/11. Security and business
are two main US interests in the region while
Pakistan is playing a front line role in the war
against terrorism.

15. • Central Asia is the center stage of new Great
games. Western quest for resources- oil and
energy resources in the central Asia. After
USSR decline, new quest started which is as
manifested by politics of oil. Pakistan is
located very close to the oil rich Middle
Eastern countries. The belt started from Iran
and extended to Saudi Arabia.

16. • If we look at the map of Muslim countries,
Pakistan occupies a central location. Towards
west of Iran, china extends to North Africa. Thus
it can actively participate in the activities of
Muslim world-economic development, transport
of resources and above all combat terrorism.
Among the Muslims countries Pakistan is the only
Muslim country having nuclear capability which
has great influence on the political, socio-
economic activities in the region and the
maintenance of status quo in the region.

17. • China's link to the Middle East: Pakistan is the
only direct and shortest link between China
and the Middle East. Imagine the impact of
China on the Middle East, if this link is fully
functional. Gawader Port located in proximity
of Arabian Gulf and Central Asian Republics
provide it unique opportunity to serve both.

18. • China's link to the Middle East: Pakistan is the
only direct and shortest link between China
and the Middle East. Imagine the impact of
China on the Middle East, if this link is fully
functional. Gawader Port located in proximity
of Arabian Gulf and Central Asian Republics
provide it unique opportunity to serve both.

19. • Pakistan is a junction of south Asia, west Asia
and central Asia; a way from resource efficient
countries to resource deficient countries. The
world is facing energy crises and terrorism.
Pakistan is a route for transportation and a front
line state against terrorism. Moreover Pakistan
has been traditionally ally of emerging economic
giant; china. So in the vague of any change in
world politics, Pakistan’s geo-strategic
significance would further be enhanced.

20. • How dangerous is the Kashmir dispute?• It is potentially one of the
most dangerous disputes in the world and in the worst-case
scenario could trigger a nuclear conflict.• In 1998 India and Pakistan
both declared themselves to be nuclear powers with a string of
nuclear tests.• In 2002 there was a huge deployment of troops on
both sides of the border as India reacted to an armed attack on the
national parliament in Delhi the previous December. Tension
between the two countries has rarely been so high.• India said the
attack was carried out by Pakistani-based militants assisted by the
Pakistan government - a charge always denied by Pakistan.• For
much of the last two decades, separatist militancy and cross-border
firing between the Indian and Pakistani armies has left a death toll
running into tens of thousands and a population traumatised by
fighting and fear.

21. •
• GEO STRATEGIC LOCATION
• “While history has been unkind with Pakistan,
its geography has been its greatest benefit.”
• Pakistan is located at a region which has great
political, economic and strategic location.
•

22. • PAKISTAN GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATION:
• Location: Southern Asia lies between 24 and 36.75 northern latitude and
between 61 and 7505 eastern longitude. Area: 7,96000 sq.km.
• Towards north apart from the state of Kashmir is china. It shares 400 km long
border with china.
• Towards north Tajikistan though no boarder but a narrow strip as Wahkhan strip
separate the two.
•
• Towards east, Punjab-Rajasthan boarders which is 1650 km long
• Towards west, Afghanistan and Durand line of 2250 km.
• Towards south, Arabian and Indian sea. Coastal belt is about 700 km.
•
Proximity to great powers such as China & Russia, proximity to central Asia & oil
rich Middle East countries are few points that signify the importance of Pakistan`s
Geo-strategic location. RINP`s programme will focus on recommending strategies
to policy makers & decision makers on how the geo strategic location can help in
development & management of natural resources of Pakistan.

23. • Outflow of goods from western China and Central Asia through Gwadar PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 9. CURRENT PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT Gwadar-Khunjerab-Kashgar rail network Gwadar-Khunjerab-Kashgar rail network
connecting the maximum number of population through a network of highways and railways six-lane motorway to be built from Karachi to Lahore.
MoU’s signed with China PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 10. OBJECTIVE OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Increase the volume of trade between Pakistan and china Take full advantage of preferential
trade agreement(PTA) and free trade agreement (FTA) Increase export to china, recently export to china is $3.14 billion PAK CHINA ECONOMIC
CORRIDOR
• 11. OBJECTIVE OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Pakistan and china are second largest partners in south Asia, this will help to retain
partnership Widen Karakorum high way and open new economic corridor from china to Gwadar Approximately reduce 10000 km distance and it
is the shortest route PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 12. PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 13. OBJECTIVE OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Expand trade with Afghanistan and it help both countries to play their role in post-2014
Afghanistan Expand trade with Russia by providing trade route till Gwadar port Development of infrastructure along Pakistan PAK CHINA
ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 14. OBJECTIVE OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR China access to the Indian Ocean with the aim of widening its geopolitical influence and
military presence in the region Job opportunities and economic development in Baluchistan Increase Chinese investment, Pakistani investment in
china will also be encouraged PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 15. OBJECTIVE OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Regional peace, prosperity and elevate the life of poor people of south Asia Enhance trade
among Pakistan, China, Gulf States, Central Asia and Africa China is interested to extend the IranPakistan pipeline to its western territory PAK
CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 16. ADVANTAGES OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Can benefit new emerging regional cooperation Save time, cost and freight charges
Facilitate trade, have Economic Zone en-route and will allow reaping of full benefits of development, economic and social uplift
• 17. ADVANTAGES OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Increase the economic collaboration between both countries by connecting western
china to Gwadar Regional stability in Asia as well as whole world Pakistan economy will Boost PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 18. ADVANTAGES OF PAK-CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR Pakistan can avail great opportunities from chine’s expert in various sectors like energy
,Technology and Education sector Create new employment opportunities Pakistan and china both collectively target the half of the population of
the world ,it will provide great opportunity for both countries to expend their market PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 19. DISADVANTAGES: FTA leads to threat for local markets and local manufacturers Disturb of local industries Difficult to compete chine’s
product in market Increase the ratio of unemployment Dependent to China PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 20. Huge difference between Balance of payment Trade deficit Trade Deficit Pakistan-China trade increased by 17.6% to a total of US$ 12.4 billion in
2012. 00 3.14 China export to Pakistan is 9.3billion Pakistan’s export to china is 3.14billion PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR 9.2
• 21. DISADVANTAGES: Focus on import rather than Domestic production Threat for potential group Due to free trade agreement with china leads to
lack of competition. PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 22. Recommendation: Pakistan should create stability In its terrority to implementation on that plan To make positive balance of trade Pakistan
should increase exports Agriculture products Textile products Leather PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 23. Maintain favorable balance of trade Precious stone Sports goods Textiles products
• 24. RECOMMENDATION: • Restriction on that commodities which is harmful for our industries • To make a frame work to use Domestic currency for
trade (barter system) • Develop auto industries rather than focusing on import parts. PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 25. Implementations of agreements should be addressed Should provide latest technology Think tank should collaborate by both countries PAK
CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 26. RECOMMENDATION: Pakistan should implement and handle policies up to the mark Utilization of raw material and value added process should
be done in Pakistan PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 27. Recommendations Make efforts to diversify market in China Security issues, law and order system are main obstacles in the way of Pak-china
economic corridor { Pakistan should develop the training centers and Chinese language centers in order to make effective communications PAK
CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
• 28. CONCLUSION Natural Gateway for China Positive response by both countries through mutual cooperation Both countries are keen to enhance
trade activities PAK CHINA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR

24. • Geo political is defined as, stressing the
influence of geographic factors on the state
power, international conduct and advantages
it derives from its location

25. • US interests in the regions to contain the
Growing China, nuclear Iran, terrorist
Afghanistan, and to benefit from the market
of India.

26. • Security and Business are two main US
interests in the region while Pakistan is
playing a front line role against terrorism

27. River system for Pakistan
Pakistani dependence is many fold:
1) The foremost is Pakistani agricultural
dependence. 2) The dams constructed en-route
the rivers are the largest source of water supply
for irrigation 3) The river water is used for
hydroelectric power generation 4) The water is
used for drinking. 5) Less importance is that the
river water is used as source of sweet water fish
in Pakistan.

28. • China illegally occupying:- North East
Ladakh: sq km 38,000
Central Sector: sq km 2100
(Kaurik, Shipkila, Pulam,
Sumdo,Jadhang,Barahoti)
Ceded by Pak to China: sq km 5180
Total 45,280

29. • The significance of the Karakoram Highway lies
in the fact that it cuts through the zone
between Asia and the Indian subcontinent,
wherein China, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, India
and Pakistan come within 250 km of each
other.

30. • 411-mile-long railroad, which will connect the
town of Havelian in Abbottabad district in
Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the
Khunjerab Pass.

31. • But even though renewable energy and nuclear technology will
gradually offset demand for coal, China’s continued dependence on
oil and rising demand for gas—that it will be incapable of supplying
wholly from domestic sources—will sustain a high dependence on
imported resources. With China’s domestic oil production
stagnating, the International Energy Agency (IEA) expects its import
dependence ratio to reach 80 percent in 2030. Beijing has over the
past two decades made efforts to diversify its sources of imported
oil, but it has only managed to tinker at the margins with its heavy
reliance on the Middle East and Africa. China remains dependent on
six countries for over half of its oil supplies: Saudi Arabia, Angola,
Iran, Russia, Oman, and Sudan. And as demand for imported oil and
gas will continue to grow, supply security will remain a prominent
feature of China’s energy strategy and its foreign policy calculus.

32. • India is now the world’s fourth largest energy
consumer. India’s demand for energy is expected
to double over the next 20 years supplied by
growing consumption of high-ash coal-fired
power and increased imports of oil, natural gas,
coal, and uranium. India’s import dependence
from 2010 to 2035 is projected for each of the
primary fossil fuels as follows: coal’s dependence
doubles from 16 percent to 33 percent, oil jumps
from 76 to 92 percent, and gas, mostly LNG,
grows from 20 to 36 percent. Given the sheer
scale of India’s energy needs