The document summarizes chapters from a textbook about Malaysia's national policies, foreign relations, environment, and human development. It outlines Malaysia's economy-based and socially-based development policies, as well as education and science/technology policies. It also discusses Malaysia's active role in international organizations like ASEAN, the UN, and OIC. The chapters describe Malaysia's foreign policy goals and relations with other countries. Additionally, it addresses the government's efforts to balance development and environmental conservation, and to develop knowledge and a balanced society through special human development programs.

1. UNIT 5 CHAPTER 12 NATIONAL POLICIES

2. OBJECTIVES Describe Malaysia’s economy-based policies. Describe Malaysia’s socially-based policies. Discuss the aims and processes involved in Malaysia’s education reforms.

3. Introduction: Chapter 12 explains various dev. Policies implemented to enhance socio-economic growth of nation. 2. The policies : i. economy-based policy ii. Socially-based policy (See figure 5.5)

5. Refer to Pg. 230 – 237 for summary of policies. The govt. also adopted i. National Science & Technology Policy – encouraging R & D ii. National Education Policy – providing advance education to meet challenges of globalisation and nurture capabilities of Malaysians. ( refer to 237 to 242 of texts.)

6. ANS

8. UNIT 5 CHAPTER 13 Malaysia's Policy on Regional and International Affairs

9. Objectives: Discuss Malaysia’s role in international organisations. Discuss the focus of Malaysia’s relation to regional and international affairs.

10. Introduction: Malaysia active in : i. ASEAN ii. UN iii. OIC iv. The Commonwealth 2. Since independence, Malaysia’s foreign policy is “friendly” 3. In early days of Malaya (due o cold war + regional conflict – Korean War and Vietnam war) Malaya distanced itself from communist countries= Soviet union and China. 4. Malaya faced internal problem –communist insurgency. (refer to 18-21 of texts)

11. 5. After independence Malaysia =“ pro-west “ and “anti-communist” foreign policy. 6 . Focus of Malay’s foreign policy/core relations = UK,US,European countries and Commonwealth countries and rely on them for defence( counter communist insurgency) security and investments. (See figure 5.6) 7. Since 1970s, Malaysia = closer approach to SEA neighbours. 8. Malaysia = founding members of ASEAN played a significant role ensuring peace and stabilty in the region. (pg 248-250 of texts) 9. Besides ASEAN, Malaysia an active member of UN,NAM ,South-South Cooperation, and OIC . (refer 250-254 of texts) 10. Malaysia showed concern on: a. injustice experienced by Palestinians b. conflict in Balkans(Bosnia) c. fighting narcotic problem internationally

14. ANS

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17. UNIT 5 CHAPTER 14 DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

18. Objective 1. Discuss Malaysia’s role in the care and conservation of the environment quality.

19. Introduction Chap.14 looks into govt effort to preserve its environment. Since independence many projects were launched to raise productivity and to encourage rapid economic growth. These projects if not monitored may cause –ve effect to environment-pollution. The govt has stressed on balanced development and inculcate values to appreciate the environment.

21. ANS

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25. UNIT 5 CHAPTER 15 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

26. Objectives: Identify the special governmental human development programme. Discuss Malaysia’s role and emphasis on the development of knowledge

27. Introduction Chapter 15 deals with efforts to developed a balanced Malaysian society. In the past 30 years Malaysia experienced rapid economic development – KLCC Twin Towers, KLIA,Penang Bridge and KOMTAR. Malaysia encountered social problems – decline of family values, increase in drug addictions and HIV/AIDS. This urged the govt. to emphasise on human development and the target group is the youths. The aim is to produce a developed and modern society with strong spiritual values and able to withstand any challenges both physically and mentally.