The document appears to be a slide presentation on life cycle analysis given by Leo A. W. Wiegman, the Mayor of Croton-on-Hudson, NY. It discusses concepts like life cycle management, analyzing the life cycle of a t-shirt, energy return on investment of different energy sources, and using life cycle cost analysis to evaluate the total costs of building ownership over time. It provides examples of how communities can use life cycle thinking to reduce energy use and costs through conservation and efficiency measures.
IGNOU MSCCFT and PGDCFT Exam Question Pattern: MCFT003 Counselling and Family...
Somers_Energy_Expo_2011_02_05_lifecycle
1. Somers Energy Expo
February 5, 2011
what goes in, must come out
the cycle of material life
Leo A. W. Wiegman, Mayor
Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY
lwiegman@crotononhudson-ny.gov
1
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 1
2. the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004) 2
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 2
3. the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004) 2
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 2
4. the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004) 2
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 2
5. the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004) 2
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 2
6. the cycle of material life
“A life cycle approach is a way of thinking
which helps us recognize how our selections
—such as buying electricity or a new t-shirt —
are one part of a whole system of events.”
–Jim Fava and Jennifer Hall, 2004
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004) 2
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 2
7. what is Life Cycle Management?
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 3
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 3
8. what is Life Cycle Management?
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 3
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 3
9. meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 4
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 4
10. meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 4
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 4
11. meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 4
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 4
12. meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 4
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 4
13. meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007 4
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 4
14. simple t-shirt life cycle
sources for this slide: adapted from [35] Remmen 2007 5
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 5
15. simple t-shirt life cycle
sources for this slide: adapted from [35] Remmen 2007 5
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 5
16. simple t-shirt life cycle
sources for this slide: adapted from [35] Remmen 2007 5
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 5
17. sources for this slide: adapted from [4] Cleveland 2008 and [15] Hall 2007 6
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 6
18. sources for this slide: adapted from [4] Cleveland 2008 and [15] Hall 2007 6
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 6
19. We extract 3 barrels of oil from the ground for every 1 barrel delivered to your home.
+ +
sources for this slide: adapted from [15] Hall 2007 7
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 7
20. We extract 3 barrels of oil from the ground for every 1 barrel delivered to your home.
+ +
sources for this slide: adapted from [15] Hall 2007 7
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 7
21. Can biofuels save us? No!
• US Primary Energy Use exceeds total Biomass Energy Production (2003)
• Some biofuels (ethanol) actually increase harmful tailpipe emissions (aldehydes, etc)
How much total
biomass potential
does US have?
units: EJ = 1 exajoule = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules
8
sources for this slide: adapted from [32] Patzek 2006 and [33] Pimentel and Patzek 2005
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 8
22. Can biofuels save us? No!
• US Primary Energy Use exceeds total Biomass Energy Production (2003)
• Some biofuels (ethanol) actually increase harmful tailpipe emissions (aldehydes, etc)
units: EJ = 1 exajoule = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules
8
sources for this slide: adapted from [32] Patzek 2006 and [33] Pimentel and Patzek 2005
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 8
23. Can biofuels save us? No!
• US Primary Energy Use exceeds total Biomass Energy Production (2003)
• Some biofuels (ethanol) actually increase harmful tailpipe emissions (aldehydes, etc)
units: EJ = 1 exajoule = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules
8
sources for this slide: adapted from [32] Patzek 2006 and [33] Pimentel and Patzek 2005
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 8
24. So what can save us from
ourselves?
9
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 9
25. So what can save us from
ourselves?
Conservation & Efficiency!
9
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 9
26. So what can save us from
ourselves?
Conservation & Efficiency!
How?
9
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 9
27. So what can save us from
ourselves?
Conservation & Efficiency!
How?
Use simple life cycle analysis
9
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 9
28. Conservation & Efficiency!
10
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 10
29. Conservation & Efficiency!
10
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 10
30. Conservation & Efficiency!
Cheapest energy is what we do not use.
Step 1: Conserve:
What energy use can I do without?
•Does every pole need 2 cobra-heads?
•Is each bulb the right wattage?
Step 2: Efficiency:
How can I get same result with less energy?
•Can I switch to more efficient lamps?
•Do I save labor if new lamps last longer?
10
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 10
31. Conservation & Efficiency!
Cheapest energy is what we do not use.
Step 1: Conserve:
What energy use can I do without?
•Does every pole need 2 cobra-heads?
•Is each bulb the right wattage?
Step 2: Efficiency:
How can I get same result with less energy?
•Can I switch to more efficient lamps?
•Do I save labor if new lamps last longer?
10
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 10
32. Conservation & Efficiency!
Cheapest energy is what we do not use.
Step 1: Conserve:
What energy use can I do without?
•Does every pole need 2 cobra-heads?
•Is each bulb the right wattage?
Step 2: Efficiency:
How can I get same result with less energy?
•Can I switch to more efficient lamps?
•Do I save labor if new lamps last longer?
10
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 10
33. some sample EROIs using LCA
sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33] 11
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 11
34. some sample EROIs using LCA
sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33] 11
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 11
35. some sample EROIs using LCA
sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33] 11
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 11
36. some sample EROIs using LCA
sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33] 11
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 11
37. life cycle meets life style: BedZed
Beddington Zero Energy Development BedZed video (2:30min)
is UK’s largest mixed use sustainable community. BedZED video embedded
sources for this slide: adapted from [1] BedZED 2008 12
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 12
38. life cycle meets life style: BedZed
Beddington Zero Energy Development BedZed video (2:30min)
is UK’s largest mixed use sustainable community. BedZED video embedded
sources for this slide: adapted from [1] BedZED 2008 12
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 12
39. What about $ costs?
•Life cycle is more than
units of energy flowing in
and out.
•What about the $ of
product’s life cycle?
•e.g. a building?
sources for this slide: adapted from www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010 13
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 13
40. What about $ costs?
•Life cycle is more than
units of energy flowing in
and out.
•What about the $ of
product’s life cycle?
•e.g. a building?
sources for this slide: adapted from www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010 13
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 13
41. What about $ costs?
•Life cycle is more than
units of energy flowing in
and out.
•What about the $ of
product’s life cycle?
•e.g. a building?
sources for this slide: adapted from www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010 13
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 13
42. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
sources for this slide: www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010 14
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 14
43. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
sources for this slide: www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010 14
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 14
44. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
• Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing
the total cost of facility ownership.
• It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and
disposing of a building or building system.
• LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill
the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to
initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to
select the one that maximizes net savings.
• E.g., LCCA will help determine whether a high-performance
HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost, but
result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs,
is cost-effective or not.
sources for this slide: www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010 14
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 14
45. Local information = local power
Lighting Croton’s Holiday Tree
$541
bulbs $
electricity $
$295
40% bulbs $
savings
($246) electricity $
800 old incand. lights 1600 new LED lights
2008 2009
Source: Croton’s GHG Inventory www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
15
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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46. Life cycle resources
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol
•Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (2010),
for the U.S. Public Sector
Sieglinde Fuller (NIST), www.wbdg.org/
resources/lcca.php
•The Greenhouse Gas Protocol for the U.S.
Public Sector (2010), World Resources
Interpreting the Corporate Standard
for U.S. Public Sector Organizations
Institute and LMI, www.wri.org/publication/
ghg-protocol-for-us-public-sector
WORLD
•LCA 101 (2004), Life Cycle Assessment
RESOURCES
INSTITUTE
Research, US EPA, www.epa.gov/nrmrl/
lcaccess/
16
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 16
47. Some good books for background
“Cradle to grave designs dominate modern manufacturing.”
—Bill McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to
Cradle, www.mbdc.com, 2002
“Energy analysis is the first step to determine and compare
energy consumption and production of different options. This
can involve complex life-cycle net energy analysis, but often
the most useful energy analysis is done by calculating simple
energy consumption or conversion efficiency on the back of an
envelope.”
—John Randolph and Gilbert Masters, Energy for
Sustainability, www.energyforsustainability.org, 2008
17
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 17
48. Some good books for background
“Cradle to grave designs dominate modern manufacturing.”
—Bill McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to
Cradle, www.mbdc.com, 2002
“Energy analysis is the first step to determine and compare
energy consumption and production of different options. This
can involve complex life-cycle net energy analysis, but often
the most useful energy analysis is done by calculating simple
energy consumption or conversion efficiency on the back of an
envelope.”
—John Randolph and Gilbert Masters, Energy for
Sustainability, www.energyforsustainability.org, 2008
17
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 17
49. Some good books for background
“Cradle to grave designs dominate modern manufacturing.”
—Bill McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to
Cradle, www.mbdc.com, 2002
“Energy analysis is the first step to determine and compare
energy consumption and production of different options. This
can involve complex life-cycle net energy analysis, but often
the most useful energy analysis is done by calculating simple
energy consumption or conversion efficiency on the back of an
envelope.”
—John Randolph and Gilbert Masters, Energy for
Sustainability, www.energyforsustainability.org, 2008
17
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
Tuesday, February 1, 2011 17
50. Questions?
contact:
Leo A. W. Wiegman, Mayor
Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY
lwiegman@crotononhudson-ny.gov
18
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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51. works cited & consulted (1 of 3)
Chapter 8, Energy in the Cycle of Material, from Blockstein/Wiegman, The Climate Solutions Consensus
www.eoearth.org/article/Climate_Solutions_Consensus
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programme_projects/ecohous_prog/bedzed/bedzed_hpg.htm
[2] Berst J, Ban P, Burkhalter M, Zheng A (2008) The Electricity Economy: New Opportunities from the Transformation of the Electric Power
Sector. www.globalenvironmentfund.com; www.globalsmartenergy.com
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...
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52. works cited & consulted (2 of 3)
Chapter 8, Energy in the Cycle of Material, from Blockstein/Wiegman, The Climate Solutions Consensus
www.eoearth.org/article/Climate_Solutions_Consensus
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...
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53. works cited & consulted (3 of 3)
Chapter 8, Energy in the Cycle of Material, from Blockstein/Wiegman, The Climate Solutions Consensus
www.eoearth.org/article/Climate_Solutions_Consensus
[28] McDonough W, Braungart M (2002) Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. (North Point Press/FSG, New York).
www.mbdc.com
[29a] MIT (2003) the Future of Nuclear Power. http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower
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[30] NIOSH (2008) Faces of Black Lung. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. August 18, 2008 (read September 4, 2008). www.cdc.gov/niosh/blog/
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Service (read September 12, 2008). www.nirs.org
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Legal and Policy Dimensions. http://petroleum.berkeley .edu/ papers/Biofuels/BiofuelsTop.htm
[33] Pimentel D, Patzek TW (2005) Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass and wood; biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower.
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[39] USGS (1997) Radioactive Elements in Coal and Fly Ash: Abundance, Forms, and Environmental Significance. Fact Sheet FS-163-97. US
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[40] Wald ML (2008) “As Nuclear Waste Languishes, Expense to US Rises.” New York Times, February 19, 2008. www.nytimes.com
[41] Weber CL, Matthews HS (2008) Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States. Environmental Science and
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[42] WHO (2003) National Healthy Cities Networks: A Powerful Force for Health and Sustainable Development in Europe. www.euro.who.int
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