2. REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Example: Binnary Fission
Budding
Mitosis
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Involves the fusion of two gamates
Sperm and eggs produced by same individual
and sometimes by different individuals.

3. Stages of Reproduction/development
1) Gamate Formation MEIOSIS
EGG(n) SPERM(n)
Gamates start out as(diploid) germ cell
Female one egg per Males produce 4 sperm
germ cell per germ cell

4. 2.Fertilization
Then this After
Although
Result of sperm travel fertilization in
male can
copulation,se through female’s
release 200-
men female’s fallopian
300 milion
containing vagina tube,the
sperm,but
sperms through cervix nuclei of
only one can
ejaculated and uterus to sperm and
penetrate the
into vagina. meet mature egg form the
egg.
egg. zygote.

5. 3.Cleavage
• A cleavage furrow is formed as the egg divides
into numerous smaller cell called blastomeres.
• Cleavage increases the number of cells but not
the overall volume of the egg.
Early cleavage(2-16cells) late cleavage
( more than 16 cells)

6. 4.Blastula
“hollow ball of cells”
Blastomeres surround a fluid-filled cavity
called a blastocoel

7. 5.Gastrulation
• Cellular organization, invagination
• Cells become arranged into different germ
layers.
• A)Ectoderm outermost layer
• B)Mesoderm middle layer
• C)Endoderm innermost layer
• CELL DIFFERENTIATION

8. 6.Morphogenesis

9. Embryos may develpo in several ways
A) Oviparous -young develop outside of
mother
- feed of egg yolk
- hatch from egg
~Amniotic eggs have fluid-filled sac to protect embyro
~Some eggs encased in hard outer shell

10. b)Ovoviviparous -egg contained inside female
-”hatch” from egg within uterus
c)Viviparous -young develop inside he mother
-nourished directly by mother’s tissue
(placenta)
-mammals