This is a presentation on digital manuscript (DMS) interoperability as an Open Annotation use case, presented on April 9, 2013 at the West Coast OA Roll Out at Stanford University. It includes both the DMS use cases as well as excerpts of shared-canvas slide decks and IIIF.
Digital Manuscript Interoperability Via Shared Canvas
1. Digital Manuscript (DMS) Interoperability
Via Shared Canvas
A Case Study in Open Annotation
OA Rollout * Stanford * April 9, 2013
Tom Cramer Borrowing liberally from… and-> Ben Albritton
Chief Technology Strategist DMS Program Manager
Stanford University Libraries Rob Sanderson Stanford University Libraries
tcramer@stanford.edu Los Alamos National Labs blalbrit@stanford.edu
rsanderson@lanl.gov
6. Consider
…an
art
historian
who
would
like
to
compare
and
annotate
illustra<ons
from
manuscripts
at
two
different
repositories,
available
via
two
different
interfaces
…a
codicologist
who
would
like
to
study
the
original
state
of
the
Codex
Sinai<cus,
fragments
of
which
are
now
dispersed
across
four
different
sites
…a
linguist
who
would
like
to
cite
the
first
wriIen
use
of
old
English
words
in
manuscripts,
referring
to
both
digital
images
and
transcrip<ons
…a
paleographer
who
would
like
to
analyze
scribal
hands
using
a
custom-‐built,
image
analysis
tool
7. Digital
Medieval
Manuscripts
Today:
A
World
of
Silos
&
Duplica<on
Parker App Rose App Gallica St. Gall App App X
Parker Rose BnF St. Gall X
Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store Data Store
• Dis<nct
applica<on
func<onality
• Separate
data
stores
• Unique
data
models
• Different
(or
no)
API’s
8. Dis<nct
Concerns
Build
useful
tools
and
apps
Scholars
Want:
Users
&
resources
Find,
Use,
Tool
Analyze,
Annotate
Makers
Want:
Mix
&
Match,
Best
of
Breed
Repositories
Host,
Preserve
(and
Enrich)
Resources
Want:
Use
of
Resources,
Enriching
services,
Enriched
content
9. API’s
Enable
Reuse
Applications Dictionary of TPEN
Parker App
User interfaces Old English Transcription Tool
present DMS data
with specialized Image Des- Image Image Trans-
Des-
tools and contexts Delivery cription Delivery Search Delivery criptions
cription
Import & Export
DMS apps and tools can both
API's consume and contribute data
I's
AP
RESTful via common web services. E.g.,
Web Services transcriptions or annotations
can be deposited in the source
repository, enriching the corpus
Repository Parker Data
for future researchers.
Canonical Data Store
for Images, Description,
and TechMD
Images MD Annot.
10. API’s
-‐>
Framework
-‐>
Ecosystem
Annotation & Cross Repository Search
Transcription Tools & Delivery Environments
Parker App Gallica
Image Trans- Image
Delivery criptions Delivery Search
Image Des- Image Des-
Delivery Search cription Delivery Search cription
I's
I's
I's
I's
AP
AP
AP
AP
Parker Data Oxford Data Rose Data BnF Data
Images MD Annot. Images MD Annot. Images MD Annot. Images MD Annot.
11. Specific
Use
Cases
for
Interoperability
1. Drive
a
page
turner
with
a
sequence
file
(harder
than
you
might
think!)
2. Enable
3rd
party
transcrip<ons:
Relate
transcrip<ons
to
pages,
and
to
regions
of
interest
(ROI)
on
pages
(text
blocks)
3. Enable
3rd
party
annota<on:
Relate
annota<ons
(scholarly
commentary)
to
specific
manuscript
elements
–
pages,
images,
text,
marginalia,
etc.
19. Requirements
for
Data
Model
1. Reflect
the
physical
and
structural
complexi<es
of
medieval
manuscripts
– Enable
ordered
delivery
of
(page)
images
and
associated
(transcrip<on)
texts
2. Relate
mul<ple
(and
poten<ally
overlapping)
images,
texts
and
other
resources
to
a
single
page
3. Reliably
relate
addi<onal
annota<ons
(scholarly
commentary)
to
the
manuscripts
(whole
item,
range
of
pages,
page-‐level,
or
specific
region)
4. Express
via
an
easy
transforma<on
of
exis<ng
descrip<on
&
resources
20. Naïve Approach: Annotate an Image
CCC
26
f.
iiiR
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
21. Naïve Approach: Annotate which Image?
CCC
26
f.
iiiR
Fold
A
Open
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
22. Naïve Approach: Annotate which Images?
CCC
26
f.
iiiR
Fold
A
Open
Fold
A
and
B
Open
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
23. Naïve Approach: …?!
CCC
26
f.
iiiR
Fold
A
Open
Fold
A
and
B
Open
f.
iiiV
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
24. Naïve Assumption: Everything is Square
Non-‐rectangular
objects
• Fashionable
heart
shaped
manuscripts
• Fragments
• Pages
with
foldouts
Facsimile
of
BNF
Rothschild
2973
hDp://www.omifacsimiles.com/brochures/montchen.html
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
25. Naïve Assumption: Image Equals Page
Parts
of
Pages:
• Only
illumina<ons
digi<zed
• Fragments
of
page
• N.B.
Informa<on
about
non-‐
digi<zed
parts
may
s<ll
exist
Mul<ple
Pages:
• Open
spread
• Fragments
from
mul<ple
pages
in
single
image
Cod.
Sang.
1394:
10.5076/e-‐codices-‐csg-‐1394
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
26. Naïve Assumption: Image Exists
The
page
may
not
be
digi<zed
at
all
• Not
"interes<ng"
enough
This
page
inten<onally,
• Digi<za<on
destruc<ve
but
unfortunately,
lej
blank
• Page
no
longer
exists
• Page
only
hypothe<cal
• Lack
of
money,
<me,
…
Countless
manuscripts,
all
around
the
world!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
27. Naïve Assumption: Only One Image
Alignment
of
mul<ple
images
of
same
object
• Mul<-‐spectral
imaging
• Mul<ple
resolu<ons
• Mul<ple
digi<za<ons
• Image
<ling
Bonus
naïvete:
• Page
has
one
orienta<on
• Page
has
one
text
Archimedes
Palimpsest
Mul7-‐Spectral
Images
hDp://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
28. Canvas Paradigm
•
A
Canvas
is
an
empty
space
in
which
to
build
up
a
display
•
Well-‐known
concept,
eg
HTML,
PDF
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
29. Canvas Paradigm
•
A
Canvas
is
an
empty
space
in
which
to
build
up
a
display
•
A
SharedCanvas's
top
lej
and
boIom
right
corners
correspond
to
the
equivalent
corners
of
a
[rectangular
bounding
box
around
a]
page
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
30. Canvas Paradigm: Implementation
Empty
space
is
not
hard
to
implement!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
31. Painting the Canvas?
Requirements:
•
Need
to
allow
distributed
associa<on
of
resources
with
the
Canvas,
or
part
of
the
Canvas
•
Any
type
of
resource,
or
part
of
a
resource,
should
be
able
to
be
painted
•
Need
to
allow
users
to
comment
about
the
Canvas,
or
part
of
it,
or
any
of
the
resources
Solu<on:
•
Associate
resources
and
commentary
using
Open
Annota<ons!
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
32. Annotations to Paint Images
Open
Annota<on
with
single
Target
(Canvas)
and
Body
(Image)
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
33. Annotations to Paint Images
An
oa:Choice
with
a
default
and
1
or
more
op<ons
for
the
image.
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
34. Annotations to Paint Images: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
35. Annotations to Paint Text
Specific
Resource
with
Selector
to
define
an
area
of
the
Canvas
And
also
need
Text
Selectors
to
describe
the
appropriate
part
of
the
text...
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
36. Annotations to Paint Text
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
37. Annotations to Paint Text: Implementation
SharedCanvas: Collaborative Manuscript Facsimiles
Open Annotation Collaboration, July 26-27, Chicago IL, USA
49. In
Summary
• DMS
Interoperability
requires
common
approaches
to
serving
data
and
images
• Shared
Canvas
provides
an
open,
extensible
data
model
based
on
OAI-‐ORE
and
Open
Annota<on
constructs
– Using
the
original,
physical
object
as
the
absolute
frame
of
reference
• New
scholarly
work
produced
in
OA-‐compa<ble
tools
add
to
and
enrich
the
scholarly
record
– Crea<ng
a
virtuous
circle
– And
truly
transcending
silos!
50. Using
OA
Adds
to
the
Ecosystem
Annotation & Cross Repository Search
Transcription Tools & Delivery Environments
Parker App Gallica
Image Trans- Image
Delivery criptions Delivery Search
Image Des- Image Des-
Delivery Search cription Delivery Search cription
I's
I's
I's
I's
AP
AP
AP
AP
Parker Data Oxford Data Rose Data BnF Data
Images MD Annot. Images MD Annot. Images MD Annot. Images MD Annot.