Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.

1. Building Façade
Building Material
Building Function
Building Structure & Detail Construction
• How SUN influences the façade concept, the building material and the building function?
• How the energy, environmental and economic benefits have been quantified?
• How Sun responsive building affect energy efficiency?
OBJECTIVE
CASE STUDIES

2. THE SANDCRAWLER
ARCHITECT ANDREW BROMBERG OF AEDAS
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARUP SINGAPORE
SERVICES ENGINEER J ROGER PRESTON
PROGRAMME OFFICE
LOCATION FUSIONOPOLIS SINGAPORE
CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2013
PROJECT HEIGHT 74.5M
FLOOR AREA 6816.90 SQM
OWNER LUCAS REAL ESTATE SINGAPORE

3. 1
SITE
Context
SANDCRAWLER
FUSIONOPOLIS,
SINGAPORE.

4. Source: http://cdn.pursuitist.com
100-seat Theatre, Office Space, Public Podium
2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME

5. Source: http://bttm.co.uk/
http://geekculture.co/
2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME
Office Space
• The workspace environment of
digital artists of industrial light &
magic (ILM), which is the arm of
lucas film, create digital effects for
films.
Covered Corridor
• The walkway leading to lucas film
office space, it is well-lid by the
daylight, save on electrical
daylighting.

6. Lobby
• Skylight at the ground level
entrance lobby.
2
BUILDING
PROGRAMMEPhotograph By Paul Warchol

7. Photography by Marcus Oleniuk
2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME
Courtyard
• A lush and natural ventilated public space

8. The 8-storey building is
elevated on 13m high
pilots.
Source: http://www.archdaily.com/?p=534778
Provide privacy and security to the office space + Create lush public space
Raised aluminum
louvered roof
3
STRUCUTRE
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Cross section

9. Source: http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
The slope reflects the
high – sloping roof
called for by the
master planning shape
rules governing the site
Raised roof is a layer of
aluminum louvers –
minimizes heat gain on
roof, overhang provide
shade for terraces and
courtyard.
3
STRUCUTRE
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Longitudinal Section

10. Source: Drawing by AEDAS, http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
3
STRUCUTRE
DETAILS CONSTRUCTION
Façade Details, Wall Type 5 – Stepping Façade

11. 3
STRUCUTRE
DETAILS CONSTRUCTION

12. The façade of the Sandcrawler
Photograph by Paul Warchol
4
STRATEGY
BUILDING FACADE
Unique Statement; Strong Presence
• Glossy, Streamlined horseshoe-shape façade
• Metallic exterior = Low-iron glass with a second
metallic frit-dot inner layer.
• Achieve the desired day-lighting.
• Provide shade from the tropical island’s heat.

13. Unique Statement; Strong Presence
• A lush tropical garden enclosure.
• Achieve the desired day-lighting.
• Provide shade from the tropical island’s heat.
4
STRATEGY
BUILDING FACADE

14. Picture show the people overlooking the central courtyard.
(Photograph by Goh Chin Lian)
4
STRATEGY
BUILDING FACADE
The Bird-eye view of the Sandcrawler
(Photograph by Aedas)

15. Source: http://blog.dk.sg
4
STRATEGY
BUILDING MATERIALS
Solarban® 72 Starphire® Glass
• Triple-silver coated
• Solar control
• Low emissivity
View towards the central courtyard via the
metallic façade
(Photograph by Paul Warchol)

16. VLT higher = MORE daylight
is admitted through the glass.
Source: PPG Industries Inc. 2008
Ideal Glass
Visible Light Transmittance
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
Light to Solar Gain
LSG = VLT / SHGC
MORE natural light
Solar heat gain limited
LESS daytime electrical lighting
4
STRATEGY
BUILDING MATERIALS

17. 4
STRATEGY
BUILDING MATERIALSSource: PPG Industries Inc. 2008
http://www.ppgresidentialglass.com

18. Source: http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html
Demonstrates some of other solar control low-
E glass: reduces amount of infrared energy
(HEAT) that enter building + high level of
visible light transmittance (SUNLIGHT).
4
STRATEGY
BUILDING MATERIALS
Benefits:
 Can be sourced regionally through PPG
Certified Fabricator Network.
 Cradle-to-cradle Silver certification- Silver
level (material ingredient optimization)
 Manufacturer has published a stated
commitment to sustainable practices.

19. THE SANDCRAWLER
5
REFERENCE
• http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html
• PPG Industries Inc. 2008, from http://www.ppgresidentialglass.com
• http://blog.dk.sg
• Drawing by AEDAS, http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com
• http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
• http://www.archdaily.com/?p=534778
• http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html

20. CH2
ARCHITECT DESIGNINC
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER BONACCI GROUP
SERVICES ENGINEER LINCOLNE SCOOT
PROGRAMME CITY HALL
LOCATION 240 LITTLE COLLINS ST. MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2004
CONSTRUCTION TYPE 2B – PRECAST CONCRETE
FLOOR COUNT 10
FLOOR AREA 134,940 SQ FT
OWNER CITY OF MELBOURBE COUNCIL
AWARD 6 GREEN STAR RATING

21. 1
SITE
Context
COUNCIL HALL 2
STR 218-242 LITTLE COLLINS ST.
MELBOURNE
AUSTRALIA

22. 2
BUILDING
PROGRAMME
ROOFTOP 11F
OFFICES 2F-10F
LOBBY/RETAILS GF
PARKING B1-B4

23. 3
STRUCUTRE
FLOOR STRUCUTRE

24. 3
STRUCUTRE
SHEAR WALL
SHEAR WALL
CH2 by using typical construction method with shear wall,
columns and beam as the main structural system.

25. 3
STRUCUTRE
CEILLING CONSTRUCTION

26. 3
STRUCUTRE
CEILLING & FLOORING

27. 4
STRATEGY
CLIMATE CONTROL
PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL
The building installed an automatic night-purge windows to cool the
concrete ceilings and chilled copper tubes looped through a metal
structure.

28. SouthNorth
4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
Cold Air
Hot Air
basement
Office
Retails

29. 4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
SouthNorth
basement
Office
Retails

30. 4
STRATEGY
CLIMATE CONTROL
Chilled ceiling prototype
Chilled Beam
The chilled beam consists of chilled copper tubes looped through a metal
structure. The tube tie into chilled water supply and return lines running in
the cavities behind the precast concrete panel.

31. 4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
SHOWER TOWER
‘Shower towers’ on the south side of the building act
like passive cooling towers – air and water gently falls
to provide extra cool water for building reticulation
and cool air to supplement ground floor and retail
cooling

32. 4
STRATEGY
HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION

33. 4
STRATEGY
BUILDING SKIN
BIOMIMICRY
The concept come from skin system of human, creating a micro-
environment for CH2.
Office
Balcony Garden
Services Services
Office

34. 4
STRATEGY
ENVELOPE

35. 4
STRATEGY
FAÇADE MATERIALS
BARK FAÇADE
The eastern core and façade used the analogy of bark. It was conceived as a
protective layer that filtered light and air into the naturally ventilated wet
area spaces behind. The final solution consists of two overlapping layers
of perforated metal with polycarbonate walling and fixed metal louvres.

36. 4
STRATEGY
FAÇADE MATERIALS
TIMBER LOUVERS
A louvers system covering the western façade with timbre
louvers able to move and photovoltaic cell to ‘track’ the sun
and glare, responding in the internal light conditions and air
quality. Timber louvers are made by recycled timber.

37. 4
STRATEGY
WINDOWS
TAPERING WINDOWS
This to reduce the heat at upper levels.

38. CH2
5
REFERENCE
• C40: Council House 2 (CH2) New Municipal Office Building: Eco-Buildings CO2 87%,
Electricity... (2011, November 3). Retrieved March 13, 2015
• Battle, G. (2003), The Air We Breathe, in Big and Green, Princeton Architectural Press, New
York, USA.
• Benyus, J. (1997), Biomimicry –innovation inspired by nature, HarperCollins, New York,
USA.
• Davies, P. (1992), The Mind of God – Science and the search for ultimate meaning, Penguin
Group, Victoria.
• Edwards, B. (ed.) (2003), Green Buildings Pay, Spon Press, London, UK.
• Gissen, D. (ed.) (2003), Big and Green, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, USA.
• Groak, S (1992) The Idea of Building, E and FN Spon, London, UK.
• Lawson, B. (1997), How Designers think – the design process demystified, Architectural Press,
Melbourne.
• McDononough, W. and Braungart, M. (2002), Cradle to Cradle, North Point Press, New York,
USA.
• CASE STUDY: Council House 2. (2011, November 1). Retrieved March 11, 2015

39. SOLARIS
ARCHITECT TR HAMZAH & YEANG
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARUP
SERVICES ENGINEER CPG CORPORATION
PROGRAMME OFFICE
LOCATION SINGAPORE
CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2011
FLOOR COUNT 15
FLOOR AREA 32000 SQ M (344500 SQFT)
OWNER JTC CORPORATION
AWARD GREEN MARK PLATINIUM

40. 1
SITE
Context
SOLARIS
SOLARIS FUSIONOPOLIS 2B,
ONE NORTH,
SINGAPORE
Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc
FUSIONOPOLIS
An integral part of the larger one-north master plan that is developed by
JTC. Together with the adjacent Biopolis and Mediapolis land parcels,
the three entities within one-north aim to become incubators for biomedical
research, new media production and high-tech software engineering
development in Singapore and in South East Asia.

41. Wind rose of Singapore (year)
http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/singapore_changi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Year
Wind direction SSW SSW SSW SW NNE NNE NNE N NNE NNE SSW SSW SSW
Average Wind
speed (m/s)
4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3
Average Air
temperature(°C)
28 29 29 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 28 28 29
2
CLIMATE
WIND ANALYSIS

42. 3
STRATEGY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
FEATURES

43. Image source: http://blog.japhethlim.com/index.php/2011/06/14/green-architecture-is-underrated-a-case-study-on-solaris-
by-tr-hamzah-and-ken-yeang/
3
STRATEGY
ECOLOGICAL DESIGN
FEATURES

44. Extensive sun-shading louvers
• Limate-responsive façade design responds directly
to local sun-path.
• Singapore is at the equator and the sun-path is
almost exactly east-west.
• Facade studies analyzing the solar-path determined
the shape and depth of the sunshade louvers, which
also double as light-shelves.
• This solar shading strategy further reduces heat
transfer across the building’s low-e double-glazed
perimeter facade, contributing to an extremely low
external thermal transfer value (ettv) of 39 w/m2.
• Assist in establishing comfortable micro-climates in
habitable spaces along the building’s exterior
3
STRATEGY
LOUVERS

45. Atrium Skylight
• The skylight louvers system at the top of the atrium
for stack effect.
• It is a fail-safe system – upon the detection of fire
within or near its proximity (via the building’s
intelligent management system), the skylight
louvers will automatically open up to disperse potential
smoke or heat build-up due to the fire.
• Still will function even without the building’s main
power supply, in case the latter is damaged by fire.
This strategy eliminates the requirement of costly and
power hungry engineering smoke control
systems, which is commonly used in conventional
atrium design.
• Designed to close during adverse weather to shield the
occupants from rain via an array of rain detection
sensors.
3
STRATEGY
SKYLIGHT

46. Eco-cell
• Located at the building’s north-east corner where
the spiral ramp meets the ground
• To allows vegetation, daylight and natural
ventilation to extend into the car-park levels
below.
• Lowest level of the eco-cell contains the storage
tank and pump room of the rainwater recycling
system
3
STRATEGY
ECO-CELLS

47. Solar Shaft
• To allows daylight to penetrate deep into the
building’s interior.
• Internal lighting operates on a system of sensors
which reduces energy use by automatically
turning off lights when adequate day lighting is
available.
• Landscaped terraces within the solar shaft bring
added quality to adjacent spaces and enhance
views up into the building from the street below.
• Creation of refreshingly new high-rise office
interiors enhanced by ambient mood lighting
that constantly changes with the play of sunlight
and shadow.
3
STRATEGY
SKYLIGHT

48. Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc
1. Stack effect (top left)
2. Passive Features: Grand Atrium & Solar Shaft
( bottom left)
3. Activated louvers above atrium to protect interior
spaces from rain ( top right)
3
STRATEGY
HEAT, COOLING AND
VENTILATION
1
2
3

49. Planter box design
• To keep the building facade elegant, the planter
boxes on the spiral ramp are designed to be as
shallow as possible, to reduce the “bulkiness”
they would otherwise create when viewed from
the exterior.
• The lack of deep soil means that the plant
species had to be carefully selected to ensure
that their roots are able to spread horizontally,
instead of digging deep downwards for stability.
Roof top Garden + Sky Terraces
• Acts as a thermal buffer and creates areas for
event spaces, relaxation and spontaneous
social activities.
• These extensive gardens allow for interaction
between the building’s occupants and nature,
offering opportunities to experience the external
environment and enjoy views of the treetops of
adjacent one-north Park.
3
STRATEGY
GREEN FEATURES

50. 3
STRATEGY
PLANT SELECTION
Plant Selection
•It allows for fluid movements of
organisms and plant species between
all vegetated areas within the
building
•To enhance biodiversity and
contributing to the overall health of
these ecosystem
•To mimic natural tropical landscape
environment
•Lighting condition on each
building’s façade was consideration
factor, ensuring the chosen species
could strive in specific location

51. 3
STRATEGY
MAINTENANCE METHOD

52. Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc
23rd September - 9.00 am
23rd September - 12.00pm
23rd September – 3.00pm
The east direction of the sun showered on the lower
tower of Solaris. Atrium and upper floors of higher
tower illuminated.
Sunlight illuminates most of the floors of the
higher tower as well as the atrium.
Atrium and upper floors of lower tower
illuminated.
Therefore, the design of the atrium is relevant.
ECOTECH Simulation
4
SIMULATION
ECOTECH SIMULATION

53. • Lau E.(2014) Report on Solaris – Singapore. Retrieved Mar 9, 2015, from
http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc
• Jin F.E. (2012) In Detail: Solaris @One-North. Retrieved Mar 9, 2015, from
http://blog.cpgcorp.com.sg/?p=2118
• Building and Construction Authority (n.d). BCA Green Mark Platinum Building(Singapore). .
Retrieved Mar 10, 2014, from
http://www.bca.gov.sg/newsroom/others/pr11092013_IGBCA.pdf
• TR Hamzah & YeangSdn. Bhd..(n.d.).TR Hamzah&YeangSdn. Bhd.. Retrieved Mar 10, 2015,
from http://www.trhamzahyeang.com/project/large-buildings/solaris_01.html
• Windfinder.com - Wind and weather statistic Singapore Changi. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11,
2014, from http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/singapore_changi
5
REFERENCE
SOLARIS