This seminar discusses implementing an eCall-compliant early crash notification service for portable and nomadic devices. It presents an overview of the eCall architecture and standardization, describes an experimental implementation using sensors and Bluetooth to detect crashes and occupants, and analyzes the benefits of reduced emergency response times and increased road safety. The proposed system automatically detects vehicle crashes and sends location and vehicle data to emergency responders via cellular networks.

1. SEMINAR
ON
ECall-Compliant Early Crash Notification
Service for
Portable and Nomadic Devices
Submitted by
SHEETHAL RAJAGOPAL
111006065
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Deepthi . R.S

2. OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Architecture and standardization of eCALL
 Implementation
 Analysis
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
Road accidents have earned India a dubious distinction. With
over 130,000 deaths annually, the country has overtaken China
and now has the worst road traffic accident rate worldwide.

4. Situation
 To provide immediate assistance to victims on spot
we need to know basic information like Location
of the accident site, the severity of crash , the
number of people in the crash site ,etc
Solution
An intelligent emergency call system
• utilising sensors to automatically detect a crash and using
wireless network to send critical systems to emergency
services
•Invehicle telematics control unit with a GPS receiver and
cellular network connectivity ,As in a GSM communication
,connected to the car sensors

5. Generic Architecture of existing
emergency call system

6. ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDIZATION
OF eCALL
•Use GSM Network to communicate between the vehicle in
the incident and the PSAP
•In Europe , the emergency call number E112 used
•Two main issues for the standardization
•The transport protocol by which the Minimum Set of
Data (MSD) will be sent.
•The content and the format of the MSD. It could amount
to 140 bytes including info like time stamp, vehicle
number and location.
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
is incharge in setting the standards for the architecture.

7. eCall Service and The IVS `

8. IMPLEMENTATION
 Experimental implementation of the proposed
emergency call system is shown bellow.

9. Crash sensor
 An accelerometer was chosen as the crash sensor
 It is a low-cost solution capable of detecting frontal,
lateral and roll-over crashes.
 Can Use pressure sensors to react to side impacts
monitoring changes in air pressure in vehicle body
cavities
 Crash Impact Sound Sensor ,detects vibrations in
material for judgement of deformation being
experienced can also be used
 Censor should be placed in a suitable place
 In car, at the front .
 In Bike , below the seat or in the helmet

10. eCall Box
 The eCall box is a communications-enabled device,
 Shall encompass at least GSM and may include Short-
Range Communications (SRC) if the crash sensor is
physically separated from the eCall box hosting the
proposed emergency call service.
 Communicates with the crash sensor through wired or
wireless link
.

11. Crash Detection Algorithm Flowchart
Implementation of the crash sensor and eCall box on a motorbike

12. MSD
 The MSD includes vehicle location information, time
stamp, number of passengers, Vehicle Identification
Number (VIN), and geographical locations along with
other relevant information
 SRC helps detecting the number of Bluetooth active
handheld devices which provides the estimation of
the number of people in the car.
 The other ways of finding the number of people can
be seat belt sensors and also pressure on the seats can
be used for the same

13. Test Setup

14. Bluetooth Quality
Condition(s) Distance Bluetooth devices Average signal
under test sensor-dongle detected strength (% of
max)
Line of sight 1m 5 99.52
Thick plastic 1m 5 98.44
Metal box 1m 16 82.20
Vibration 1m 16 98.40
3 and 4 1m 3 88.79

15. Crash Detection

16. ANALYSIS
 Advantages:
 Studies show that the emergency response time could be
reduced by about 50% in rural areas and 40% in urban
areas.
 It is estimated that the e-Call system could save up to 2 500
lives a year in the EU and, in particular, could significantly
reduce the severity of the injuries sustained in 15% of cases.
 Also the GPS tracker in the vehicle helps to find the location
of the car when it is stolen, thus it helps to find about
missing vehicles also.
 The system will also ensure a corresponding reduction in the
number of traffic jams.

17. CONCLUSION
 To improve the notification of road accidents and speeding up
emergency service response.
 This service, which was expected to be offered in all new four-
wheeled vehicles by 2010, will provide E112 with information
about the vehicle and its location.
 As a future work , implementing sensor in a miniaturised board
containing an accelerometer ,a controller, Bluetooth
transreceiver , and autonomous battery .
 Implementation of the system on mobile phones resulted in
battery drain out in 2.5 to 3.5 h
 Characterize the system on bike , if in case is ejected out due
to a crash and is unreachable

18. REFERENCES
 [1] US Patent 6141611, “Mobile vehicle accident data system”, 2000.
 [2] US Patent 7133661, “Emergency information notifying system, and
apparatus, method and moving object utilizing the emergency information
notifying system”, 2006.
 [3] US Patent 6587042, “Automatic accident informing apparatus for two
wheel vehicle”, 2003.
 [4] eCall Driving Group, "Recommendations of the DG eCall for the
introduction of the pan-European eCall", 2006.
 [5] European Committee for Standardization TC 278 WG, “Road transport
and traffic telematics - ESafety - ECall minimum set of data”, 2008.
 [6] E. Zafeiratou, “Options for eCall MSD signalling”,GSM Europe, 2006.
 [7] M. Feser, et al., “Advanced crash discrimination using crash impact
sound sensing”, in Proc. SAE World Congress & Exhibition, 2006.