Additive manufacturing techniques frequently rely on powdered material of ultra-fine particles which are respiratory hazards to workers. This presentation identifies the process steps where #nanoparticles and UFP are potential hazards. It provides real-life examples of source capture air cleaners used in the manufacture of varied product types that help provide respiratory protection. #mfg #additivemanufacturing #assemblyshow #UFP

1. Newest additive manufacturing
technologies don’t erase
the traditional knowledge
of manufacturing professionals, the
original makers
Dirt is dangerous
#assemblyshow
#additivemanufacture
#3Dprinting
www.sentryair.com

2. What ‘s going to revolutionize
manufacturing this week?
Electron beams
or
Lasers
or
3D printers
Let’s use
Melt
or
Fuse
or
Sinter
or
Print
or
Add
to
Bio-polymer
Metal
Nylon
Nano-scale
Polystyrene
Polyether
Polyether ketone
Carbon fiber
Ceramic
powders

3. When powders are feedstock
Particles are measured in microns and in nanometers.
• A micrometer, also referred to as a micron, is
1/1,000,000 of a meter; expressed as mm and µm.
• Particles too small for the micron scale, sometimes called
ultra-fine particles [UFP], are measured using the nano
scale or nanometers.
• A single nanometer is 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter,
expressed as nm.
• Nano-scale powders in additive processes – including 3D
printing -- present respiratory risk to your workers.

4. Dirt = dust = powders = particles
Manufacturing professionals know:
Good housekeeping is, and always has been,
a good health and safety practice.
There’s more:
The powders of additive processes present
risk to operators.
Inhaled, metal particles can damage lungs;
some cause cancer

5. Where exposure to particles can
occur in additive manufacturing
Set up
Powders
Receiving,
Inventory
PPE
Removal
Shot peening
(metal, glass, ceramic particles)
CNC machining
Power tools
Band saw
Handheld tools
Rotary grinder, sander, polisher
Post
ProcessingCleaning
Self-Contained
Additive
Manufacturing
System

6. Particles in manufacturing facilities will
always be hazardous no matter which
technology you’re using
• You can’t see ultra-fine particles but you can inhale them2.
• 3D printers and lasers produce ultra-fine particles.
• Laser fumes contain components of the target material,
including oxidized heavy metals, benzene, cyanide,
formaldehyde.
• Enclosed systems must eventually be opened; particles and
fumes can spread.
• Source capture and ambient air cleaners reduce respiratory
hazards.

7. Source capture of 3D printer fumes
Axonics Modulation Technologies,
a manufacturer of medical devices
Model 300
Portable Floor Sentry
Testimonial: fume extraction for a 3D printer that runs 24/7

8. Source fume capture, same model,
different filters
Fume Extraction at the International Plastics Showcase (NPE2015)
Model 500 reaches elevated heights
Plastic injection molding
Welding steel office furniture
Model 500
Model 500

9. Architectural glass manufacturer uses
ambient air cleaner to keep glass
particle free
Removing soot from workplace air after a fire: our experience
Model 2000

10. Surgeon finds source-capture device
removes isoflurane to fraction of
action limit
Customer Testimonial: Surgeon tests efficiency of air cleaner against isoflurane vapor
Model 200
Winged Sentry

11. Sentry Air Systems wishes great productivity
and respiratory well-being to all manufacturing
professionals, the original makers.

12. Resources
1. Lessons Learned in Establishing the NIST Metal Additive
Manufacturing Laboratory, NIST Technical Note 1801,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.
Department of Commerce
http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1801
2. Chapter 3, page 32, Deposition, Clearance, and
Translocation of UFPs, HEI Perspectives 3, January 20143,
Understanding the Health Effects of Ambient Ultrafine
Particles.
3. Engineering Case Reports, Effectiveness of Local Exhaust
Ventilation (LEV) in Controlling Engineered Nanomaterial
Emissions During Reactor Cleanout Operations, Journal of
Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 2008.

13. www.sentryair.com
Simple solutions for cleaner air. TM