1. Yahweh Our Righteousness
Jeremiah 23,
Romans 3, Romans 10
December 16, 2012
First Baptist Church
Jackson, Mississippi, USA
Reference material:
LifeWay Christian Resources
of the SBC
The names of God often reveal His character and nature.
 In God's dealings with us as human beings He often revealed an aspect of
Himself that we could relate to in our everyday lives.
 For instance he saw how troubling and anxious our lives would often seem to us
so he let us know that he is Jehovah - Shalom, the Lord our Peace.
 He wants us to understand His names so we will understand Him!
Review:
December 2
Yahweh Our God
Exodus 6 & 15
December 9
Yahweh Our Father
Psalm 103
Today:
Yahweh Our Righteousness
Jeremiah 23:5-6
Romans 3:21-26
Romans 10:1-4, 9-10
December 23
DR. BILL ASHFORD
The Real Christmas
December 30
No Sunday School
One Worship Service
at 10:30 am

2. Focal Passages:
 God Promises Righteousness Jeremiah 23:5-6
 Jesus Reveals Righteousness Romans 3:21-26
 We Receive Righteousness from Christ Alone Romans 10:1-4,9-10
This Lesson Is About:
 Everything the sovereign and powerful God does is right.
 He is righteousness, and He is the source of righteousness.
How This Lesson Can Impact Our Lives:
 This lesson can help us understand that who we are in Christ is based on Who
Christ is.
 We rarely use, hear, or read the words righteous or righteousness.
 Sometimes, someone may describe another person as self-righteous.
 Someone may comment that an individual responded to a situation in
righteous indignation.
 In describing another person’s sterling character, many of us often use the term
good; seldom do we say they are righteous.
 To call someone righteous in today’s culture well may be a somewhat sarcastic
allusion to the person’s outmoded religious beliefs and strict practices.
 The word righteousness seems to be reserved for the pulpit and the Sunday
School setting.
 When was the last time you heard the words righteous or righteousness used
outside of a church context.

3.  A definition of righteous would be:
the characteristic of having justness,
the virtue or quality of being and doing what is morally right.
 Some of the synonyms of righteous help us more:
blameless,
guiltless,
holy,
innocent,
sinless.
 Keep these definitions in mind as we focus on God’s righteousness—and the
righteousness He demands from His people.
 We tend to set our own standards for what is right.
 Our standards usually allow us to justify or rationalize the way we already are
living.
 Only One objective standard exists, however, and our own measure of
righteousness falls far short of it (Him).
 This lesson is important because it helps adults discover God’s standard of
righteousness, a standard seen in Christ.
Focal Passages:
 God Promises Righteousness Jeremiah 23:5-6
 Jesus Reveals Righteousness Romans 3:21-26
 We Receive Righteousness from Christ Alone Romans 10:1-4,9-10

4. God Promises Righteousness
Jeremiah 23:5-6 HCSB
5 “The days are coming ”—this is the Lord’s declaration —
“when I will raise up a Righteous Branch of David.
He will reign wisely as king
and administer justice and righteousness in the land.
6 In His days Judah will be saved,
and Israel will dwell securely.
This is what He will be named:
Yahweh Our Righteousness.”
Jeremiah 23:5-6 HCSB
 When God revealed Himself as "THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS" in the Old
Testament (Jeremiah 23:5-6) the people were anything but sinless and guiltless.
 In fact, they were in the process of being hauled off into exile and captivity for
their constant and longstanding sin, idolatry, and unfaithfulness to the Lord.
 They had been warned over and over through the prophets God had sent to
them but their hearts were hard.
 Finally the judgment fell though God did it with the greatest reluctance.
 In the midst of that devastation, the Lord comforted them by revealing Himself
to them in a new way that would carry them through the tough times ahead.
 God never gloats over our sin; He always grieves.
 And if we are suffering the consequences of our own sin, He always has a plan
to bring us back to where His blessings can again flow in our lives.

5.  The promise of the Lord for the people of Israel was that He was going to send
a Messiah, One Who would sit on the throne of David again and provide a
permanent sin solution.
 King David's reign and the glory years of the Jews were now a distant memory;
the Messiah's rule and reign would be forever.
 Some 600 years later this prophecy was fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ.
 How exactly is the Lord our righteousness?
 Since every one of us except Jesus has sinned, we have no right to stand
before God and say; "Here I am Lord, right, just, sinless and blameless. I'm
innocent God."
 But Jesus can stand before the Father and say all those things.
 So by carrying our sins on the cross, He is letting us ride on His righteousness.
 He can say to the Father; "I've got Barbara covered. Don't look at her sin
because I paid for it and I want You to see her as blameless."
 The Father accepts Jesus' righteousness as if it were ours.
 Do you start to see how exciting it is to be able to call the Lord, JEHOVAH-
TSIDKENU?
 To some this concept is a stumbling block because it seems too good to be
true.
 Yes, it is simple - simple enough for anyone to understand, but it is not too good
to be true.
 It is true!
 Well, you say, what's the catch?
 The catch is that you have to accept it.
 It is not forced on anyone.
 We all continue to have a free will and God desires that our relationship with
Him is given freely from our heart with love.
 Jeremiah prophesied during the
decline and fall of the
Southern Kingdom of Judah.
 His ministry extended from about 627/26 B.C. to sometime after Jerusalem’s fall
in 587/86 B.C.
 He was highly unpopular and faced persistent opposition and pressure
because of his message: Judah’s only hope was to surrender to the
Babylonians.

6.  Because of this consistent counsel, Jeremiah’s people viewed him as a traitor.
 In Jeremiah 23:1-4, God denounced Judah’s rulers including kings and civil
leaders under them.
 These leaders failed to care for and provide for the people of Judah as good
shepherds tending their flocks.
 The leaders consistently destroyed and scattered (mistreated, neglected)
God’s people.
 Because the leaders had not “attended to” the people, God would “attend
to” the leaders (v. 2).
 After a period of exile, God would gather the remnant of His people and return
them to Judah.
 He also would set in place leaders who would rule properly.
 The Lord’s declaration was that at a future time He would raise up an ideal
King.
 The days are coming pointed to a time after the exile and the restoration
foretold in verse 3.
 It also emphasized the newness and importance of the following proclamation.
 In contrast to present conditions, God provided hope.
 This is the Lord’s declaration has the force of strong affirmation.
 The certainty of God’s promised fulfillment rested on His power and faithfulness.

7.  He would raise up a Righteous Branch of David.
 The Hebrew term rendered Righteous means just in character, conduct, and
rule.
 Branch comes from a Hebrew term that means “to grow,” “to sprout.”
 The noun means “shoot,” picturing a green sprig growing from a stump.
 God would provide the ideal King, the Messiah, a descendant of David’s.
Behind this prophecy stood God’s promise to David in 2 Samuel 7:11b-16.
 The Lord did not permit David to build the temple, but promised to establish his
family line and throne forever through a descendant.
 As the Jews suffered oppression under various occupational forces, this promise
was viewed as God’s sending the Messiah, Who would deliver them.
 In sharp contrast to the inept and corrupt leaders of Jeremiah’s time, the
promised King would reign wisely … and administer justice and righteousness.
 His reigning wisely referred to His having the insight, authority, and power to
accomplish His purposes.
 His reign would prosper. His decisions would be fair (proper, fitting) and right
(righteous).
 That is, He would fulfill completely
the covenant responsibilities.
 In the land likely indicates the
promised land to which the
remnant of God’s people
would return (see v. 3).

8.  Judah and Israel refer to the descendants of the united kingdom under David’s
rule.
 God would bless the people of Judah with salvation— freedom to live in
abundance.
 Israel’s descendants would enjoy security and quietness.
 Together in the promised land, both groups would receive both benefits.
 Jeremiah likely employed a play on words in giving the name of the Messiah,
the ideal King God would raise up.
 Jeremiah prophesied during the reign of Zedekiah, Judah’s last king.
 The name Zedekiah means “the Lord is righteous.” The Righteous Branch of
David would be named Yahweh Our Righteousness.
 That is, when the Messiah came, all people would acknowledge that from God
alone rises righteousness.
 Here the term righteousness carries the idea of salvation, deliverance.
 Messiah would be the grounds for God’s accepting people, the One through
Whom God would delegate personal righteousness.
 In 1 Corinthians 1:30, Paul referred to Christ as believers’ “righteousness.”
1 Corinthians 1:29-31
29 “so that no one can boast in His presence. 30 But it is from Him that you are in
Christ Jesus, Who became God-given wisdom for us—our righteousness,
sanctification, and redemption, 31 in order that, as it is written: The one who boasts
must boast in the Lord.” 1 Corinthians 1:29-31

9.  He is the Righteous Branch, the Messiah Who brought God’s righteousness to
people who would place their faith in Him.
 Our celebration of Christmas is in a few days.
 The joyous message of Christmas is that God fulfilled His promise in Jeremiah
23:5-6 by sending Jesus to earth.
 God’s words through Jeremiah remind us He values justice and righteousness.
 As His people, we also are to value these qualities.
 We should demonstrate justice and righteousness in the lives we lead.
Focal Passages:
 God Promises Righteousness Jeremiah 23:5-6
 Jesus Reveals Righteousness Romans 3:21-26
 We Receive Righteousness from Christ Alone Romans 10:1-4,9-10
Romans 3:21-26
21 “But now, apart from the law, God’s righteousness has been revealed—attested by
the Law and the Prophets 22 —that is, God’s righteousness through faith in Jesus Christ,
to all who believe, since there is no distinction. 23 For all have sinned and fall short of
the glory of God. 24 They are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that
is in Christ Jesus. 25 God presented Him as a propitiation through faith in His blood, to
demonstrate His righteousness, because in His restraint God passed over the sins
previously committed. 26 God presented Him to demonstrate His righteousness at the
present time, so that He would be righteous and declare righteous the one who has
faith in Jesus.” Romans 3:21-26
 The Letter to the Romans is Paul’s most thorough and orderly presentation of his
theology.
 He had not been to Rome but planned to travel through the city on his way to
take the Gospel to Spain.
 He wanted to visit the believers in Rome, in part to enlist their help in financing
his mission to Spain.
 Paul wrote Romans to introduce himself to the church and to present the
Gospel he preached.
 Following the letter’s introduction in 1:1-15, he stressed his pride in the Gospel
because “in it God’s righteousness is revealed from faith to faith” (v. 17).
 In 1:18–3:20, Paul painted a dark picture of people’s plight: All were sinners,
powerless to free themselves from sin’s death grip.

10.  The Gentiles rejected the revelation of God they received and turned to
immorality and idolatry.
 Jews depended on works of the law for righteousness, but they failed to keep
the law.
 The law identified sin but had no power to redeem sinners; thus, law-keeping
could not make people right with God.
 With but now, Paul introduced the good news of God’s making redemption
available in Christ.
 He contrasted futile dependence on the law for righteousness, and faith in
Christ for relationship with God.
 People could not free themselves from enslavement to sin, but God provided
liberation through grace.
 Apart from the law, God revealed His righteousness
 The law was powerless to remove the sin barrier separating people from God,
but He made known the way to right relationship with Him.
 God’s righteousness is His being right in saving people by grace through faith in
Jesus Christ.
 He is right, and He makes people right by grace.

11.  Paul’s critics charged that God would be unfair to grant righteousness on the
basis of faith alone, without meritorious works. [See Galatians.]
 Paul countered that God is just when He does so.
 The apostle pointed out that the Law and the Prophets—the Hebrew Scriptures
—were still bearing witness concerning God’s being right or just in how He
chose to provide righteousness.

15.  God’s righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ, to all who believe.
 The words faith and believe come from the Greek term that means “to be
convinced,” “to trust,” “to place confidence in.”
 It carries the senses of obedience and commitment.
 To place faith in Christ is to entrust life to Him, to commit to follow Him.
 The proper name Jesus Christ identified Jesus as Savior and Messiah.
 Paul stressed that all people who trusted Christ for salvation, who committed
themselves to Him, were made right with God.
 There is no distinction referred to Jews and Gentiles—all were sinners in need of
redemption; all could be set right with God through faith in Christ.
 If you want a right relationship with God, a new standing of grace, you must
place faith in Christ, trust Him for salvation in total commitment to Him.
 Paul emphasized that all had sinned, falling short of God’s glory.
 Sinned conveys “to miss the mark” thus “to err,” “to be guilty of wrong.”

16.  Glory referred to God’s redemptive character.
 No one lived up to the standards revealed in His character.

18.  God’s original intention was that people reflect His character or image.
 From Adam on, humans failed to conform to His image.

19.  Paul declared that sinners who believe in (commit themselves to) Christ are
justified freely by His [God’s] grace.
 Justified conveys “acquitted,” “declared and regarded as righteous,” thus
righteous.
 It also can mean “to make or render right or just,” “to set right.”
 Paul likely had more in mind than God’s declaring or counting repentant,
forgiven sinners as righteous.
 God makes them right, not by indulging their sin but by overcoming it and
giving them new standing with Him.
 He enables them to enter right relationship with Him out of which they are to
live rightly.

20.  God gives believers new, right standing with Him by His grace.
 Grace is God’s undeserved favor.
 It also can be defined as His love and goodness in action for sinners’ good.
 It has the sense of God’s active good will.
 Freely emphasizes right standing with God is His gift.
 We can do nothing to earn it or merit it; it is His gracious gift we can receive
through faith.
 People are made right with God through the redemption that is in Christ
[Messiah] Jesus [Savior].
 Paul borrowed a familiar term and concept from the slave markets of his day
as an analogy for salvation.
 Slaves could purchase their freedom, or benefactors could purchase it for
them.
 Redemption carries the idea of liberation at cost. People’s liberation from
enslavement to sin came at terrible cost—Christ’s voluntary, atoning death.
 Paul stated that God presented Christ as a propitiation.
 The word presented could indicate purpose (design) or open display.
 Propitiation is translated from the Greek hilasterion, meaning "that which
expiates or propitiates" or "the gift which procures propitiation".[citation
needed] The word is also used in the New Testament for the place of
propitiation, the "mercy seat". Hebrews 9:5. There is frequent similar use
ofhilasterion in the Septuagint, Exodus 25:18 ff. The mercy seat was sprinkled
with atoning blood on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:14), representing
that the righteous sentence of the Law had been executed, changing a
judgment seat into a mercy seat (Hebrews 9:11-15; compare with "throne of
grace" in Hebrews 4:14-16; place of communion, Exodus 25:21-22).
 Another Greek word, hilasmos, is used for Christ as our propitiation. 1 John 2:2;
4:10, and for "atonement" in the septuagint (Leviticus 25:9). The thought in the
Old Testament sacrifices and in the New Testament fulfillment, is that Christ
completely satisfied the just demands of our Holy Father for judgment on sin, by
his death on the Cross of Calvary.[citation needed]
 God, in view of the cross, is declared righteous in having been able to justify sins
in the Old Testament period, as well as in being able to forgive sinners under
the New Covenant (Romans 3:25,26; cf. Exodus 29:33, note).[original research?

21.  ‘...since the wrath of God is being revealed against all sin, there can be no way
of salvation other than the way that deals with sin, that is, the Gospel’ If, as we
have previously shown, the anger of God rests upon all of mankind and,
subsequently, the judgment of God is currently being poured out upon both
individuals and groups of men and women whether in tribes, cultures or nations,
then we need to understand the work of Jesus Christ that satisfies the anger of
God and removes His judgment from us.
 The reason for propitiation Our sins
◦ Heb 2:17 - ‘...propitiation for the sins of the people...’
◦ I John 2:2 - ‘...the propitiation for our sins...’
◦ I John 4:10 - ‘...the propitiation for our sins...’
 The reception of propitiation By faith Rom 3:25 - ‘...a propitiation by His blood, to
be received by faith...’ It’s not on the basis of mankind’s works, of our self-effort
- we’ve already seen that the initiative was solely with the Lord. Had He not
decided to do something about the predicament we’d put ourselves in, we
would forever have been under both God’s anger and judgment, not only in
this life but in the one to come.
 Although Jesus has taken upon Himself both the anger and judgment of God, it
doesn’t follow that every person is therefore free from any outpouring of them.
 The work of the cross must be met with a correct response in an individual and
that can only be done by faith to the revelation of the Holy Spirit concerning
the work of Christ - not a mere mind knowledge but an active trust and
participation in His completed work (see the study on ‘Faith’).
 Paul may have included both ideas.
 God designed to make Christ’s sacrificial self-giving the means of overcoming
the sin barrier between people and Him, and to display that atoning death
openly.
 In pagan cultures, the term propitiation referred to people’s offering sacrifices
to appease their gods, to ensure their gods looked on them with favor rather
than anger.
 In Hebrews 9:5, it designates the mercy seat, the ark’s covering.

22.  The place on Jesus' breast is still vacant, and open to any who are willing to
pay the price of deepening intimacy.
 We are now, and we will be in the future, only as intimate with God as we really
choose to be.
 In the Septuagint (Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures), the term almost
always refers to the mercy seat.
 It seems to me, Paul used the word to indicate that in Christ, and specifically in
His atoning death, we encounter God’s mercy.
 God took the initiative to provide the means by which people’s sins could be
covered.
 Their forgiveness and entrance into right relationship with Him comes through
faith in Christ’s blood—by trust in His sacrificial, atoning death.
 God presented Christ’s death on the cross on sinners’ behalf to demonstrate His
[God’s] righteousness.
 In times past, God had held back the full judgment people’s sins deserved.
 He had dealt with their sins but had exercised restraint (forbearance, patience)
in temporarily passing over (letting pass, disregarding) the sins previously
committed.
 Prior to Christ’s atoning death, God had withheld the full measure of sin’s
consequences.
 Did His doing so mean He was indifferent to sin, that He exercised easy
tolerance of people’s missing His design for life?
 Paul stated forcefully that at the present time—God’s appointed or opportune
season in contrast to the past—God demonstrated His righteousness or justness
through Christ’s sacrificial death as the means of dealing with people’s sins.
 The cross forever demonstrates the seriousness with which God views sin.

23.  It uncovers the depths of people’s sin and the lengths to which God in His love
has gone to remove that barrier and offer relationship with Him—a new
standing of grace.
 He is right, and He makes right with Him the one who has faith in (trust in and
commitment to) Jesus.
 Jesus fully revealed God’s righteousness and demonstrated that righteousness.
 We receive right standing with God through Him.
 Jesus demonstrates God’s righteousness.
 List examples of God’s righteousness you see in what you know about Jesus.
Focal Passages:
 God Promises Righteousness Jeremiah 23:5-6
 Jesus Reveals Righteousness Romans 3:21-26
 We Receive Righteousness from Christ Alone Romans 10:1-4,9-10
Romans 10:1-4, 9-10
1 “Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God concerning them is for their
salvation! 2 I can testify about them that they have zeal for God, but not according to
knowledge. 3 Because they disregarded the righteousness from God and attempted
to establish their own righteousness, they have not submitted themselves to God’s
righteousness. 4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who
believes.”
9 “If you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God
raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. 10 One believes with the heart, resulting
in righteousness, and one confesses with the mouth, resulting in salvation.”
Romans 10:1-4,9-10
 Paul wanted believers in Rome to know he had not abandoned his people, the
Jews (Israel).
 Addressing his letter’s recipients with the warm term brothers to indicate spiritual
kinship, Paul expressed intense care for the Jews.
 Desire conveys the sense of good will, of kind intent.
 At the center of his being (his heart), he was kindly disposed toward the Jews.
 He interceded for them, beseeching God for their salvation, which would bring
him the greatest possible pleasure.
 From his personal experience as a Pharisee, Paul could testify the Jews had
zeal for God expressed in law-keeping and rituals.
 Their zeal was not according to knowledge.
 They did not have full or correct perception or insight.
 Their religious fervor lacked enlightenment.
 The Jews largely disregarded the righteousness from God.
 The Greek term rendered disregarded means “not to know,” “to be ignorant
of,” “not to understand,” “to err or sin through mistake.”
 Paul may have meant the Jews largely failed to recognize God’s provision of
right standing with Him so they did not understand the means of right

24. relationship with Him.
 One view is that their lack of insight was self-imposed.
 They willfully refused God’s revelation of the only basis of relationship with Him.
 Instead, they attempted to establish their own righteousness.
 They devised a method by which they sought to make themselves right with
God, a works-righteousness devoid of a sense of indebtedness to Him.
 Out of pride, they determined to create their own standard by which to define
and attain righteousness.
 Thus, they had not submitted themselves to God’s righteousness; stubbornly,
they had refused to accept the Gospel of right standing with God by grace
and would not commit themselves to Him through faith in Christ.
 They substituted law-keeping for God’s offer of right relationship with Him as His
gift of grace.
 Christ is the end of the law for righteousness.
 End can mean “fulfillment” or “termination.”
 Thus, Paul may have meant:
(1) Christ fulfilled the law, or
(2) He terminated the law as a means of righteousness.
 One view says the way of grace through faith in Christ ended legalism as a
system to achieve right standing with God.
 Another approach says both meanings apply: Christ completely met the law’s
demands, embodied righteousness, and provided a way of faith that set aside
law-keeping as a means of achieving righteousness.
 Right relationship with God is open to everyone who believes.
 That is, anyone who trusts in Christ enters right standing with God as a gift of
grace.
 In verses 5-8, Paul contrasted righteousness “from the law” (v. 5) to
“righteousness that comes from faith” (v. 6).
 He pointed out that law-righteousness called for perfect obedience that no
one could achieve.
 On the other hand, faith-righteousness was readily available because of God’s
provision.
 Paul adapted Deuteronomy 30:11-14 to emphasize that Christ had done
everything necessary to provide right relationship with God.
 Faith is possible because of Christ’s atoning work.
 Paul stated clearly “the message of faith” he proclaimed (v. 8b).
 If indicates that what follows is a possibility.
 People’s being saved depended on their choices.
 Salvation hinged on two responses: confession and belief.
 Paul’s order corresponds to the quote in
verse 8 and does not indicate defined sequence.
 To be saved, one had to confess with
the mouth (verbally) Jesus’ lordship.
 To confess was to say the same thing
about Christ God said: Jesus was
God’s Son (see Mark 1:11).

25.  The confession “Jesus is Lord” acknowledged Jesus’ Deity.
 It also openly declared Jesus as the believer’s Master, his or her absolute
authority.
 A person seeking salvation had to believe … that God raised [Jesus] from the
dead.

27.  Belief is much more than accepting something as factual; it is conviction and
commitment.
 The heart was viewed as the center of life that involved the emotions, intellect,
and will.
 God’s raising Jesus from the dead was irrefutable evidence that Jesus was His
Son and verified everything Jesus said and did.
 Inner, decisive commitment to the truth of the resurrection is essential to
salvation because only trust in a living Lord can give new life—salvation, right
standing with God.
 Confession and commitment result in salvation—deliverance from sin.
By Mark A. Rathel:
 The concept of “confession” is an important part of a Christian’s experience.
 Many Christians correlate confession with the beginning of the Christian life.
 The acknowledgment of our status as sinners and our profession of allegiance
to Jesus express integral aspects of Christian conversion.
 The New Testament, however, does not limit the role of confession to the
beginning of the Christian life, when the new believer confesses his or her faith
in Christ.
 This act of confession, a confession that leads to repentance of sin, is an
essential part of a believer's spiritual life.
 As Baptist theologian W. T. Conner wrote, “It [repentance] is an attitude that
belongs to the Christian life as a whole.
 The initial act of repentance is the beginning of a Life of repentance.”
 1 The Greek verb for the act of confession is homologeo.
 This compound word derives from two other Greek words: homo, meaning
“like,” and logos, meaning “word” or “thing spoken.”
 The Greek verb for the act of confession, then, has a range of usages including
“promise,” “agree,” “admit,” “confess (sins),” and “publicly declare (that one is
something).”
 2 Backgrounds of “Confession” The various contexts in which the vocabulary of
“confession” occurred in documents written prior to the New Testament
provide understanding in how the readers of Romans would have understood
the concept of confession.
 Confession functioned as an important concept in legal and religious contexts.
 The concept of “confession” occurred predominately as a legal term with the
connotation of “agree with.”
 The Greek noun “confession” frequently described a contractual agreement.
 Numerous Greek papyri discovered in Egypt bear this meaning.
 3 A common heading for a last will or testament is “contract and agreement
(homologia).”
 The papyri describe a contract laborer as a “confessor” (homologos).
 Another of the papyri uses the verb form meaning "to agree with."
 It is a legal document: “We acknowledge (homologeo) that we divided
between ourselves at the present time the vineyard which we hold on lease.”
 4 The religious usage of “confession” correlates and builds upon the legal

28. background.
 In a manner similar to which one confessed wrongdoing in a court, one
acknowledged or confessed sins before a deity.
 An individual publicly professed allegiance to a deity by means of an oath of
confession.
 5 The Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, contains a unique
usage of the idea of confession.
 The translators of the Septuagint frequently translated the Hebrew word yada,
“to confess, to praise, to give thanks,” by means of the verb exomologeo, a
related word with the same meaning as homologeo, mentioned above.
 The Israelites “confessed praise” of God’s majestic power (1 Chron. 29:12), as
well as His mighty acts of redemption (Ps. 105:1-6).
 Frequently, worship provided the setting for the confession of praise to Yahweh.
 Greek translation of Psalm 100:4 provides evidence of “confession” as an act of
praise.
 “Enter into His courts by means of giving thanks (exomologeo), and his courts
with hymns; give thanks (exomologeo) and praise his name.”
 6 “Confession” in Romans Paul used Greek words for “confess” four times in
Romans.
 Twice he used the term homologeo highlighting public allegiance to Jesus
(Rom. 10:9-10).
 He used exomologeo twice in quotations from the Septuagint in the sense of
confessing praise (Rom. 14:11; 15:9).
 The concept of confession in Romans used both the legal and Septuagint
background.
 Romans 10:9-10—A discussion contrasting two kinds of righteousness supplies
the immediate context for Paul’s use of “confession” in Romans 10:9-10.
 On the one hand, a perfect, unmerited kind of righteousness is available from
God through faith.
 On the other hand, many Jews pursued self-righteousness through works of the
law.
 In Romans 10:1-13, Paul quoted the Old Testament six times to reassure his
readers that the Old Testament itself taught that righteousness comes by faith.
 One of his quotes, Deuteronomy 30:14 (see Rom. 10:8), affirmed that a heart
faith brings righteousness.
 In Romans 10:9-10, Paul set forth three pairs of related truths in describing how
an individual receives salvation.
 First, Paul linked confessing with the mouth to believing with the heart.
 Faith and confession involve doctrinal content, namely, the lordship of Christ.
 In light of the over six thousand times the Septuagint translates “Lord” for
“Yahweh,” an avowal of the lordship of Christ affirms His deity.
 The public confession “Jesus is Lord” flows out of an inward heart attitude of
trust.
 Faith inevitably flows outward in a public pledge of allegiance to the person of
Christ.
 Second, Paul linked righteousness with salvation—salvation that originates with

29. a person’s believing with his or her heart.
 Salvation means that God provides humans with righteousness as a gift through
Christ.
 Third, Paul linked believing that Jesus is Lord with His being raised from the
dead.
 As it was with the women who finally recognized the resurrected Christ at the
empty tomb, as it was with Jesus’ post-resurrection encounter with Thomas and
his subsequent confession of faith, so it has been for followers of Jesus through
the centuries: Christ’s death and subsequent resurrection confirm His lordship.
 Romans 14:11—Although we do not see it in the English translations, Paul again
used the Greek term homologeo to talk about confessing praise to God.
 In Romans 14:11, Paul uses the Septuagint version of Isaiah 45:23: “As I live, says
the Lord, every knee will bow to Me, and every tongue will give praise to God”
(HCSB, emphasis added).
 The dispute between “weak” and “strong” Christians differing on the subject of
eating meat offered to idols functions as the immediate context for this Old
Testament quote.
 Paul challenged his readers not to judge each other for two reasons.
 First, they are brothers despite their differences.
 Second, all believers will stand before God’s judgment seat (14:10).
 Isaiah 45 celebrates the nature of God as the world’s only Creator, Savior, and
Judge.
 The action of bowing the knee depicts submission.
 The action of the tongue portrays a confession of praise, even in the context of
judgment.
 Romans 15:9—Paul’s final reference to confession in Romans occurs in chapter
15.
 The immediate context is a final plea for unity in the Roman church (vv. 1-13).
 Since Christ accepted the individual believer, the individual believer should
accept other Christians (v. 7).
 Christ serves the Jews as well as the Gentiles (or nations), the most visible
human divide in the first century (v. 8).
 Paul brought together four Old Testament citations to demonstrate that both
Jew and Gentile belong to the community of the Messiah.
 In Romans 15:9, Paul quoted Psalm 18:49.
 The psalm described events in David’s life and David’s consequent desire to
praise God’s name among the Gentiles.
 The fact that Paul cites this Scripture passage as supportive of a ministry of
Christ to Jews and Gentiles indicates that the apostle interpreted this psalm as
a prophecy of the Messiah.
 Paul’s letter to the Roman believers affirms that Jesus, then, is the speaker who
confesses praise to God among the Gentiles.
 7 Implications for Believers Paul’s teaching regarding the act of confessing
offers numerous implications for the Christian life.
 First, the act of confessing “Jesus is Lord” serves as a public oath of allegiance
to the Person of Christ as full Deity.

30.  Second, Christians can disagree about matters nonessential to the gospel and
recognize that God alone is the Judge.
 All Christians will bow in submission to the Creator-Savior-Judge and confess
praise.
 Third, Christ Himself confesses praise among the Gentiles or nations as they
glorify God for His mercy.
 Christ, then, is our Example in praise for the nations coming to salvation.
 1. Walter T. Conner, The Gospel of Redemption (Nashville: Broadman Press,
1945), 199.
 2. William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich, “oJmologevw” in A Greek-English
Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 2nd ed. rev.
(Chicago: University of Chicago, 1979), 568; Dieter Fürst, “Confess” in The New
International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, gen. ed. Colin Brown
(Grand Rapids: Regency
 Reference Library, 1986), 1:344.
 3. The term “papyri” describes documents written on writing materials made
from the papyrus reed.
 4. The entire discussion about “confession” in the Greek papyri comes from
James Hope Moulton and George Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New
Testament: Illustrated from the Papyri and other Non-Literary Sources (London:
Hodder and Stoughton, 1952), 449.
 5. Fürst, 344.
 6. Author’s translation of Psalm 100:4.
 7. Douglas J. Moo, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids: William B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996), 878-79.
 In experience, inner conviction and commitment (belief with the heart) come
first, resulting in righteousness—a right relationship with God, a new standing
of grace.
 Coupled with complete commitment is confession of Christ as Lord, resulting in
salvation.

31.  Faith and confession go together; genuine faith expresses itself in verbal
confession.
 Paul stressed salvation was open to both Jews and Gentiles who would turn to
God in faith (vv. 11-13).
 The Jews were wrong in trying to establish their own standard of righteousness
instead of submitting to God’s standard.
 Today, we need to understand that we still are made right with God only when
we place faith in Christ and confess Him openly.
 We should not attempt to establish our own righteousness but should submit to
God’s way to right relationship with Him through commitment to Christ.
 Jesus not only demonstrates God’s righteousness, He also delivers
righteousness to those who trust Him.
 List examples of God’s righteousness Jesus has established in your life.
Biblical Truths
 God values justice and righteousness, and so must we.
 Jesus reveals and demonstrates God’s righteousness.
 We are made right with God only through faith in Christ.
 Receiving a new standing of grace with God requires commitment at life’s
center and confession of that commitment.
 Who you are in Christ is based on who Christ is.
 Thank Him for the righteousness He has developed in your life, and give Him
your permission and request to make you more righteous like the Father.