5 strategies for each stage of the before, during, and after reading process. References included.

1. Before, During, and
After Reading
Strategies
Samantha Morales

2. Before Reading
The reader establishes a plan and his/her purpose for reading
Strategy 1: KWL Chart
• The reader creates a three-column chart
• Helps set purpose for reading and focuses on key ideas
• Left column: K – What I already know
• Middle column: W – What I think I will learn or what I want
to know
• Right column: L – What I learned

3. Before Reading cont.
Strategy 2: Vocabulary Frames
• Useful for learning new vocabulary words that introduce new concepts
• Divide paper into four boxes with a circle in the center
• Center circle: vocabulary word
• Upper right box: dictionary or student-generated
definition of the word
• Upper left box: antonym and cross it out
• Lower right box: include a graphic to visualize
the concept
• Lower left box: write a sentence that includes the definition of the word

4. Before Reading cont.
Strategy 3: 30-15-10 List
• Students know the meaning of the
following and can decode words
independently during reading
 Meaning of the 30 most used prefixes
 Meaning of the15 most popular roots
 Meaning of the 10 most used suffixes

5. Before Reading cont.
Strategy 4: K.I.M.
• Students synthesize and interpret new
information, making it their own
• Students can reference drawings for
quizzes, tests, or other assessments
• Similar to KWL chart template
• K: term or key idea
• I: information that goes with it
• M: draw a picture/memory clue

6. Before Reading cont.
Strategy 5: Anticipation Guide
• Statements should include big
ideas/main principles of the lesson or
unit
• Statements must incite students to agree
or disagree with and must pull on prior
knowledge
• Include one foil statement to provoke
critical thinking and discussions
• Reading must provide answers to
statements in the anticipation guide
• Students complete anticipation guide
independently but work with a partner or
in groups of two to share knowledge
after

7. During Reading
Reader thinks about his/her purpose for reading and about
his/her prior knowledge
Strategy 1: Sticky notes and
highlighting
• Used to find a part in a text, mark
confusing parts, hold thinking to
share after reading
• Also to summarize
questions/thoughts/ideas to share
in class later, answer questions,
and use as study guide

8. During Reading cont.
Strategy 2: Vocabulary Blocks
• Similar to vocabulary frames but
includes several blocks on the same
paper
• Upper left: vocabulary word
• Lower left: definition of the word
• Upper right: Antonym
• Lower right: drawing of definition

9. During Reading cont.
Strategy 3: T-Notes
• Used for reviewing and note-taking
• Divide paper into two columns
• Left column: write words/key points
• Right column: write definition of the
word or explanation of key point

10. During Reading cont.
Strategy 4: Most Important Word
• Used to identify author’s intent in
carefully choosing words to craft a
message
• As a class, discuss two words found in
the selected text’s title
• Brainstorm definition of both words and
record them on the overhead
• Identify passages containing the two
words and explain significances
• Assign chapters to examine and look
for other words they think are important
to support the theme of the text

11. During Reading cont.
Strategy 5: Descriptive Frame
• Provides information about a topic by
describing and attributing
• Usually used for people, places,
objects, and events
• Prompt students by asking questions
such as “What can you tell me about
the topic?” and “What do you think the
topic is about?”

12. After Reading
Reader thinks about prior knowledge and what he/she learned,
connections made during reading, and links information to build
new knowledge
Strategy 1: Compare and
Contrast
• Determine how 2 ideas, things, people,
places, etc. are similar and different

13. After Reading cont.
Strategy 2: Circle Story
• Identify main parts of a story
• Divide circle into number of events
students must identify (usually 3 but
can be more)
• As a class, read, discuss, and place
events in corresponding part
• Students independently draw pictures
to represent events in the story and
retell the story using pictures

14. After Reading cont.
Strategy 4: Venn Diagram
• Another way to compare and
contrast
• Compare/contrast 3 or more ideas,
concepts, people, events, etc.
• Students must complete diagram
independently without the teacher’s
help
• Can also be used as an outline to
write a summary

15. After Reading cont.
Strategy 4: Exit Slips
• Provide feedback about the lesson to
the teacher and prompt students to
reflect on what they learned
• Questions/prompts ask students to
write what they understood and what
needs more explaining from the lesson
• Not a grade but must be honest
• Anonymous
• Make changes or accommodations
next time based on what students
shared

16. After Reading cont.
Strategy 5: Summarizing
• Taking the key ideas and main points,
as well as what is truly necessary to
understand them
• Repeatedly model strategy
• Students read the text, take notes
(graphic organizers) on key points and
main idea, key words, etc.
• Students can also shorten by writing
their understanding of the concept,
idea, etc.
• Once outline is done, students write
the summary

17. Reference
Before, During, and After: Helping Your Students Understand the
Content. (n.d.). Retrieved November 15, 2018 from
http://images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MadisonCity/DiscoveryMid/
Uploads/Forms/Before__During__and_After_New_Strategies.pdf