This document discusses the role of forestry in maintaining and expanding forest carbon sinks. It notes that forests contribute to carbon sinks through afforestation/reforestation projects under the Clean Development Mechanism as well as by avoiding deforestation, which accounts for 18-25% of annual greenhouse gas emissions. While afforestation projects have faced challenges under the CDM, reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is seen as a promising mechanism but baseline setting and additionality pose difficulties. The document concludes future efforts could focus on diversifying rural economies, combining mitigation and adaptation projects, and promoting sustainable forestry and avoided deforestation.
Economic indicators for peatland restorationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Sonny Mumbunan, Scientist, Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, at "Online Workshop Series:Exploring Criteria and Indicators for Tropical Peatland Restoration", on 2 Sep 2020.
This presentation offered key insights into the financial aspects of peatland restoration efforts. Some important questions include – how to generate the funds needed for carrying out restoration? How to devise a plan such that the benefits of restoration are distributed equitably.
CIFOR Strategy 2016-2025: Stepping up to the new Global Development Agenda.
This presentation was delivered by CIFOR Director General Peter Holmgren in Jakarta, March 2016.
Presentation by Louis Verchot, Director of Environment Research, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) at 'Taking stock of REDD+: Past, present and future' Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Economic indicators for peatland restorationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Sonny Mumbunan, Scientist, Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, at "Online Workshop Series:Exploring Criteria and Indicators for Tropical Peatland Restoration", on 2 Sep 2020.
This presentation offered key insights into the financial aspects of peatland restoration efforts. Some important questions include – how to generate the funds needed for carrying out restoration? How to devise a plan such that the benefits of restoration are distributed equitably.
CIFOR Strategy 2016-2025: Stepping up to the new Global Development Agenda.
This presentation was delivered by CIFOR Director General Peter Holmgren in Jakarta, March 2016.
Presentation by Louis Verchot, Director of Environment Research, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) at 'Taking stock of REDD+: Past, present and future' Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Mitigation Of What And By What PresentationfinalLn Perch
Presentation of Draft Final findings from Research Paper on Mitigation of What and Adaptation by Whom. Presented at DevNet Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, November 2010
Drivers of deforestation and forest degradationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Gabrielle Kissinger and Martin Herold was given on 26 November 2012 at a UNFCCC COP18 side-event in Doha, Qatar. They shared findings from a recently published global assessment on the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, as well as country experiences of dealing with them in a REDD+ context. To support SBSTA considerations on REDD+, and to support ongoing national-level REDD+ planning and implementation, the assessment explores the importance of drivers, the role of drivers in REDD+ policy development and interventions, and in developing forest reference emission levels.
Policy Background Paper: A Viable Framework for a Green Economy in Caribbean ...UNDP Policy Centre
Key findings of IPC-IG researcher Leisa Perch's paper entitled "A Viable Framework for a Green Economy in Caribbean Member States: Considerations for Inclusive and Green Growth"
CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: evidence, capacity building and engagementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presents findings from three studies in Indonesia on social forestry, in Laos on REDD+, and in Vietnam on swidden agriculture.
The presentation was given at the ASFN Annual meeting in Palawan in June 2016.
REDD+, SFM, development, markets and forestsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Bastiaan Louman, Miguel Cifuentes, Mario Chacón.
REDD+, SFM, development, markets and forests.
Oaxaca Workshop Forest Governance, Decentralisation and REDD+ in Latin America and the Caribbean,
31 August – 03 September 2010, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Biodiversity in finance. As ESG has become relevant. Therefore it’s become important for finance sector. Biodiversity in finance . It’s a report by Bloomberg . Biodiversity risk is important
Inclusiveness, equity and sustainability: New ideas needed for informal timbe...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Paolo Cerutti, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the XVI Biennial IASC Conference ‘Practicing the commons: self-governance, cooperation, and institutional change’, in Utrecht, the Netherlands, on July 12, 2017.
Colloqui di Martina Franca 2014 "Quale Economia per quale Benessere" - Pre-conditions and constraints on the way towards a green industrial revolution.
Mitigation Of What And By What PresentationfinalLn Perch
Presentation of Draft Final findings from Research Paper on Mitigation of What and Adaptation by Whom. Presented at DevNet Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, November 2010
Drivers of deforestation and forest degradationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Gabrielle Kissinger and Martin Herold was given on 26 November 2012 at a UNFCCC COP18 side-event in Doha, Qatar. They shared findings from a recently published global assessment on the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, as well as country experiences of dealing with them in a REDD+ context. To support SBSTA considerations on REDD+, and to support ongoing national-level REDD+ planning and implementation, the assessment explores the importance of drivers, the role of drivers in REDD+ policy development and interventions, and in developing forest reference emission levels.
Policy Background Paper: A Viable Framework for a Green Economy in Caribbean ...UNDP Policy Centre
Key findings of IPC-IG researcher Leisa Perch's paper entitled "A Viable Framework for a Green Economy in Caribbean Member States: Considerations for Inclusive and Green Growth"
CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: evidence, capacity building and engagementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presents findings from three studies in Indonesia on social forestry, in Laos on REDD+, and in Vietnam on swidden agriculture.
The presentation was given at the ASFN Annual meeting in Palawan in June 2016.
REDD+, SFM, development, markets and forestsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Bastiaan Louman, Miguel Cifuentes, Mario Chacón.
REDD+, SFM, development, markets and forests.
Oaxaca Workshop Forest Governance, Decentralisation and REDD+ in Latin America and the Caribbean,
31 August – 03 September 2010, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Biodiversity in finance. As ESG has become relevant. Therefore it’s become important for finance sector. Biodiversity in finance . It’s a report by Bloomberg . Biodiversity risk is important
Inclusiveness, equity and sustainability: New ideas needed for informal timbe...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Paolo Cerutti, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the XVI Biennial IASC Conference ‘Practicing the commons: self-governance, cooperation, and institutional change’, in Utrecht, the Netherlands, on July 12, 2017.
Colloqui di Martina Franca 2014 "Quale Economia per quale Benessere" - Pre-conditions and constraints on the way towards a green industrial revolution.
Dr pachauris bio economy presentation aug12 2013Katri Vuorjoki
"Changing climate - Is resource efficiency a way out of crisis?"
All countries must take more action. Otherwise the climate change will continue steadily. As a result, there is a growing risk that different types of crisis and the struggle for increasingly scarce natural resources, such as clean water, will become more common. Could resource efficiency boost growth at country level and, in this way, prevent conflicts? And what would be the role of resource efficiency in the recovery from conflicts? What are the challenges and opportunities of the bioeconomy in the slowing down of climate change?
Very topical morning seminar in Joensuu Eastern Finland pointed out the relationship between resource efficiency, development and conflicts on the one hand and the relationship between climate change and bioeconomy on the other.
Speeches were given by Doctor Rajendra K. Pachauri, Chairman of IPCC and Heidi Hautala, Finland’s Minister for International Development.
The seminar, organised by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, TERI and the Nordic office of TERI, served as an introduction to the Koli Forum that will take place between 17 and 19 September.
More information is also available at
http://koliforum.fi/
Facilitated by SNV, this event was held on April 24 to coincide with the Asia Pacific Forestry Week (APFW), which occured over April 21-26. The event featured a special Guest speaker - David Huberman - who was visiting Hanoi for the APFW - and focussed on REDD, the forestry mechanism proposed for the post-2012 UNFCCC protocol. Click on the link below to read his presentation.
Presentation by David Huberman
Dr pachauris bio economy presentation aug12 2013koliforum
"Changing climate - Is resource efficiency a way out of crisis?"
All countries must take more action. Otherwise the climate change will continue steadily. As a result, there is a growing risk that different types of crisis and the struggle for increasingly scarce natural resources, such as clean water, will become more common. Could resource efficiency boost growth at country level and, in this way, prevent conflicts? And what would be the role of resource efficiency in the recovery from conflicts? What are the challenges and opportunities of the bioeconomy in the slowing down of climate change?
This topical morning seminar studied the relationship between resource efficiency, development and conflicts on the one hand and the relationship between climate change and bioeconomy on the other.
Speeches were given by Doctor Rajendra K. Pachauri, Chairman of IPCC and Heidi Hautala, Finland’s Minister for International Development. The audience was provided with an opportunity to discuss the issues concerned with the speakers.
The seminar, organised by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, TERI and the Nordic office of TERI, will serve as an introduction to the Koli Forum that will take place between 17 and 19 September.
www.koliforum.fi
The Forest Action Plan defines the WBG’s contribution to the global forest agenda.
The Forest Action Plan FY16–20 (FAP) confirms the aim of the World Bank Group (WBG) to strengthen the role of forests in achieving the WBG’s goals of ending extreme poverty and increasing shared prosperity in a sustainable manner by 2030.
The FAP builds on the 2002 WBG strategy, Sustaining Forests: A Development Strategy, which continues to provide the overall framework for WBG engagement in forests, as well as a detailed analysis of the emerging demands coming from client countries.
Wildlife: a forgotten and threatened forest resourceRobert Nasi
Protein from forest wildlife (including fish) is crucial to food security, nutrition and health across the tropics. The harvest of duikers, antelopes, pigs, primates, rodents, birds, reptiles and fish provides invaluable benefits to local people both in terms of income and of improved nutritious diets. It also creates, often linked with commercialization, some very important health issues with the spread of several life-threatening diseases (Ebola, SARS).
Vulnerability of the resource to harvest varies, with some species sustaining populations in heavily hunted secondary habitats, while others require intact forests with minimal harvesting to maintain healthy populations. Global attention has been drawn to biodiversity loss through debates regarding bushmeat, the “empty forest” syndrome and their ecological importance.
However, information on the harvest and the trade remains fragmentary, along with understanding of their ecological, socioeconomic and cultural dimensions. Here we assess the consequences, both for ecosystems and local livelihoods, of the loss of these important resources and propose alternative management options.
Managing for high value timber and biodiversity in the Congo BasinRobert Nasi
Multiple-use forest management is considered by many as a preferable alternative to single-use, generally timber-dominant, management models to ensure a greater biodiversity. In this presentation we will briefly explore the major land-uses in the Congo Basin and their actual or potential for sustaining biodiversity in a production context. We then focus on the most extant production systems (shifting cultivation, industrial logging concessions and main commodity crops) to analyze the existing issues and options for managing actively both valuable timber species and biodiversity with a special emphasis timber stands, wildlife and the potential role of certification.
We highlight a few promising but yet ‘unfinished’ examples in the region and we review these cases to draw lessons and recommendations. We contend however that true multiple-use could only be realized by expanding beyond boundaries of formal management units through new innovative land-use units, allowing a spatial cohabitation of the interests of local people, of conservation proponents and of extractive industries in the same management unit.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Mission to Decommission: Importance of Decommissioning Products to Increase E...
The contribution of forestry in maintaining and expanding forest-based carbon sinks
1. CLIMATE 2050
Montréal, 24-26 October, 2007
The contribution of forestry in
maintaining and expanding forestbased carbon sinks
Markku Kanninen, Robert Nasi, CIFOR
Alain Karsenty, CIRAD
1
5. Forests and carbon sinks
► Contribution to carbon sinks
Planting ‘new’ forests (A/R CDM)
Avoiding deforestation (conserving forests)
► Contribution to GHG emissions
Deforestation is responsible for 18 to 25% of
GHG annual emissions
Bio-energy
5
6. Trends
► During
the last 40 years
Deforestation: 500 M Ha
Consumption of forest products: 50% increase
► During the next 40 years
►
Over 100 M Ha of new agricultural land needed
Consumption of forest products: 50% increase
40-50% of industrial wood from plantations
does not consider the issues related to biofuels
6
8. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
►
►
A PES scheme for reducing emissions through project
activities in developing countries
General rules of CDM: boundaries, baseline, additionality
and leakage
► Additionality: demonstrate that the project would not have been
undertaken without the incentive of carbon credits industrial
plantation projects systematically rejected by CDM Executive Board
► Leakage: demonstrate the project will nor result in displacement of
the emissions elsewhere
►
Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) projects
Addressing non permanence (temporary credits)
Human-induced activities only: no project in degraded forest
Ineligible if the land was covered by forest after 31/12/1989
8
9. Forestry CDM: a failure?
One registered project and a few more in the pipe
9
10. The difficulties faced by forestry CDM
No real demand for temporary credits in a
context of relative oversupply of permanent
credits;
EC do not allow European companies to use A/R credits to
fulfill their objectives of emission reductions
In most tropical countries, difficulties to secure
land for plantations due to:
land tenure issues,
the bureaucratic process and low efficiency of the
administration,
the poor governance and ill-functioning justice institutions
Transaction costs are high, too high for small and
community-based projects
10
12. Avoided Deforestation (RED, REDD)
► Generic expression for RED (Reduction of
Emissions from Deforestation) or REDD (the 2nd
D initially for Developing countries but used now
for Degradation)
► To curb down deforestation – and biodiversity
loss- by rewarding good land use and forestry
practices (e.g. promotion of sustainable
forestry…)
► Reward will be through carbon credits (Kyoto
assets) or money equivalent (special fund?)
12
13. RED/REDD
► A mechanism proposed by PNG, Brazil and
others (e.g. Congo Basin’s countries), but with
different features
► The bottom line: financial rewards for countries
reducing their deforestation rates
► Major difficulties:
How to choose and set up baselines?
How to take into account degradation?
As a Kyoto (fungible credits, second commitment
period 2013-2017) or independent (special credits or
money) instrument?
13
14. Assessing deforestation
► Monitoring deforestation is difficult, but not
impossible
► The crux is about agreeing on the reference
baseline
Most proposals suggest deriving the baseline from an
average of past trends of deforestation
Others (e.g. Congo Basin countries) claim for an
adjustment factor allowing them to increase their future
deforestation while keeping a possibility to be rewarded
Others (researchers) would prefer predictive baselines
based on anticipated rates of deforestation by country
14
15. Historical reference: winners and losers
►
Indonesia or Malaysia had high rates of deforestation in
the 80 and 90’s; forest tends now to concentrate on less
accessible lands: deforestation expected slow down for
‘mechanical’ reasons
Future reductions likely to be non additional
Would it be ‘fair’ to reward Indonesia and Malaysia with regard
to their policies vis-à-vis the forest in the past decades?
►
Peru, Bolivia, Congo Basin are likely to be the losers
under such baseline reference and claim for adjusting
the reference to anticipated trends of deforestation
15
16. Can we predict deforestation rates?
►
►
A possible solution would be to forecast a likely
“business as usual” deforestation rate
Chomitz et al. (2007) suggest modeling land-use
dynamics to calculate the baseline scenario.
also pointing out correlations between deforestation rate in the
Amazon and beef price at farm gate or with rainfall…
►
(quite) predictable variables (e.g. population growth)
and (best educated) guesses:
Speculative prices of major agriculture commodities, such as
soy, oil palm, beef…?
Evolution of rainfall and the risk of forest fires in the context of
growing climate disorders?
16
17. Can governments do something?
► Most
factors influencing deforestation rates are
beyond the reach of governments (cash crop
commodities price changes, currency exchange
rates…)
► In complex systems, finding a direct plausible
causality link between public action and a number
hectares (not) deforested is very difficult (or
impossible?)
Kaimowitz and Angelsen (1999) have shown the non consistent
effects of single variables (such as agricultural progress) on
deforestation
If deforestation slows down, how to disentangle the effect of public
policies to the other factors insensitive of government action?
17
18. Exogenous factors
Type of measures
Non intentional
Endogenous
factors
Change in Agricultural
commodity prices
Changes in interest
rates
Extended climate
disorders
Cut in fertilizer
subsidies
Intentional
Endogenous
factors
Stringent enforcement
of land-use change
laws
Possibility to impute
the deforestation
reduction to the
public action
No
yes
yes
Possibility to quantify
the net impact on
deforestation
No
Very difficult
Possible
18
19. Carbon credits or what else?
►
Fears that AD would generate huge quantities of “hot air”
and a reduction of price of emission permits
► Recent report from CDM executive board suggests 20% of carbon
credits are “non additional”…
►
A possible alternative:
De-coupling from Kyoto: money instead of carbon credits
through an international fund against deforestation
Targeting, in priority, field actors instead of governments
Using a range of PES to favor changes in farmers’ productive
practices and rewarding true conservation efforts (case by case
assessment)
Working with governments to remove perverse incentives
(inappropriate subsidies, fiscal system…) and overcome
structural threats, such as land tenure insecurity, corruption,
justice…
19
20. Combining economic instruments and
law enforcement
►
►
Detecting forest infractions (by satellite) is less difficult
than enforcing law and effective sanctions…
How to avoid designing a scheme in which law compliers
will be at a disadvantage compared to violators?
What conditions of eligibility?
Setting differential regimes for compliers and non-compliers?
►
The minimum condition of success is strong signals of
political will to enforce the law: do we want to pay for
that?
With the risk to be said : “ if you don’t pay I let my
forests being destroyed ”
►
The ultimate condition is (still) about choices and
behavior: forest are converted because it ‘pays’ to do so
(for cultivation, feeding beef, biofuels, paper…)
20
21. Conclusions – a way forward
► Synergies of C sequestration with other PES
schemes
► Diversified
rural economies and improved livelihoods
► CDM projects for biodiversity corridors
► Landscape level planning in watersheds
► Combine mitigation (C sequestration) measures
with adaptation to climate change
► CDM
projects to reduce vulnerability, minimize risks (forest
fires, flooding, etc.) or increase resilience of ecosystems
► Joint CDM / AD projects
► Promoting
sustainable forestry
21
22. Promoting sustainable forestry
► CDM for afforestation and reforestation
Gain experience in good management
Develop forest-based rural enterprises
Role of planted forests will increase in the future
in timber supply
► Avoided deforestation
High potential post 2012
Reduce emission and conserve biodiversity
Improve forestry practices and management
22