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Orthodontic Instruments
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- 2. Contents Introduction Brief History Orthodontic Instruments Materials Manufacturing Parts Of Pliers Grasp Features Of Orthodontic Instruments
- 3. Classification Of Orthodontic Instruments Diagnostic Instruments Separator Placement Band Forming Instruments Bracket Positioning Instruments Ligature Instruments Cutters Debonding Instruments Wire Bending Instruments Wire Forming instruments Measuring Instruments Other Instruments
- 4. Maintenance Sterilization References
- 5. Introduction Tool “A device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function” Pliers “A tool with scissor-action, pointed- jawed tool for bending or cutting metal wires or grasping s mall objects.”
- 7. Class Three Lever
- 8. Brief History 3000 BC – Bronze Age Evolved from Tongs Hand Tool used to hold objects firmly Late 17th Century – Pierre Fauchard – Needle Nose Pliers Often used tools from Watch maker and Jewellers
- 9. Stainles s Steel 88% Iron 12% Chromium 0.2% Carbon Tungsten Carbide Steel Equal parts of Tungsten Carbon German Stainles s Steel Iron Chromium Nickel Molybdenu m Titanium Alloy Aluminium Vanadium Orthodontic Instruments Materials
- 10. Manufacture Red Hot Metal Forged in Die by pressure Trimming of Forged rod Shaping the beak by Cutting Austempering Salt Water Rapid Cooling Laser Heat treatment of Beak Pair of Handle is assembled by Rivet Martempering Cool in Oil Solution Dip in Corrosion Resistant Laser Engraving
- 12. Grasp Thumb and Palm Grip - Pen Grip -
- 14. Features Of Orthodontic Instruments Stainless steel Tungsten Carbide Tips Hinge or Pivot joint Gold brazing Rounded tips Serrations on working ends Inner Surface of beak Bow out handles Laser Marking
- 15. Diagnostic Instruments Mouth Mirror Probe Explorer Tweezer Impression trays Lip Retactor Intraoral Mirror
- 18. Separator Placing Pliers Stainless steel Spring back action Use - Expanding elastic separators before positioning them interdentally. Barrel-shaped tip prevents slippage of the module, reduces the risk of tissue damage. Angled beaks facilitate easier placement of elastic separators in anterior and posterior areas
- 20. Band Cutting Scissors Hardened stainless steel with tungsten carbide inert cutting tip Cutting Edge Pattern straight or curved pattern long and short Use - cutting thin metal bands or band material
- 21. Mershon Band Pusher Handle is cylindrical and working end is serrated Use – push bands so as to seat adapt to contour of the teeth
- 22. Band Pinchable Plier Beaks are in triangular passion with inner surfaces had serrated for better control of band material. It has two types curved and straight. Curved (45˚) pinchable plier used for lower band preparation , and straight is used for upper band preparation. Use - for pinching of bands during band preparation
- 23. Peak Plier Beaks - Contour fitting to the side of a tooth is aided by the concave surface or depression at the outer ends of each of the band clamping portion. Use - for preparation of band to tooth.
- 24. Double Beak Pliers Stainless steel Double beak pliers are used for forming bands in the mouth. Types - Anterior and posterior band fabrications. These were important when all teeth were Banded Use - preparation of band to tooth
- 25. Nylon Band Seater High impact plastics or wood The biting surface - Tin inlay with serrated surface Shape – Round Square Triangular Use – Patient is asked to bite on the surface with the tin inlay tip resting on the lug or the band edge.
- 26. Band Crimping Plier Use - contour the gingival surface of preformed bands to provide better tooth anatomy Photo – Hu-friedy Catalog
- 27. Johnson Band Contouring Plier Beaks - Tapered with a slight bow. One beak is concave and other is convex allowing re-contouring of bands. Use - re-contour band edges that sometimes get bent during band placement.
- 28. Anterior Band Removing Pliers Beak - narrow groove and sharp end One beak is shorter
- 29. Oliver Jones Posterior Band Removing Plier Beaks - Plastic padded tip and sharp removing beak Plastic head rest on the occlusal surface of tooth and the sharp tip below the gingival contour of the band. Use - Remove posterior metal bands with maximum patient comfort.
- 31. Boons Gauge It is the most frequently used bracket positioning aid. Stainless steel. It accurately measures height of bracket placement from the incisal edge at 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5mm. Flat surface rests on incisal/occlusal surface of tooth. Simplifies seating the bracket on the teeth with exactly the right distance between bracket slot and incisal edge with pencil lid or metal tips.
- 32. Bracket Positioning & Height Gauge Aluminum or stainless steel Use - This device simplifies the seating of brackets on the teeth with exactly the right distance between the bracket slot and incisal edge. Adjustable for use on both anterior and posterior teeth. Measures height of bracket placement from the incisal edge at 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 and 5.5mm. Works with .022 & .018 bracket system.
- 33. Photo – Leone Catalog
- 34. Bracket Holder It holds any type of bracket from a wide twin to a single one. Reverse action type handle which on pressing the handle open-up the beaks. Beaks are diamond shaped with serrations to grip the bracket. Flat end of the handle used to press the bracket into position for bonding.
- 35. Curved Bracket Holder Serrated Tips Use – Lingual Bracket placement Photo – iXion Catalog
- 36. Modified Bracket Positioning Holder Combined Gauge with Bracket Holding Forcep Photo – Contm. Clini. Dentistry
- 37. Lingual Bracket & Tube Holder Reverse Action Curved Beaks help in unobstructed placement Use – For placement of Lingual Brackets, Tubes and Attachments Photo – iXion Catalog
- 38. Orthodontic Bracket Card It is used to organize and hold orthodontic brackets to facilitate quick bracket placement. Each circle on the card corresponds to a particular tooth in the mouth. Brackets are placed corresponding to the tooth to be bonded.
- 40. Mosquito Forceps Types Straight Curved Use Placing Elastic Ligature Tightening Wire Ligature Photo – iXion Catalog
- 41. Mathieu Plier Locking And Spring Back Mechanism Serrated tips Types TC tip Straight Curve RMOrtho Wide Hole Shape Mini Standard Narrow Photo – iXion Catalog
- 42. Coon Style Ligature ‘Y’ shaped tip Tie long Ligature into figure of 8 Photo – Dentsply Catalog
- 43. Speedo Ligature Director Double Ended Removing and Placing Ligature
- 44. Twister Twisting Ligature wire Photo – Dental USA Catalog
- 45. Ligature Tucker Types Single end Double Use – To Tuck cut end of Ligature
- 46. Straight Shooter Ligature Gun Thermoplastic Material Types Mini Bracket Shooter Twin Bracket Shooter Use – Elastomeric to Edgewise Bracket
- 47. Cutter
- 48. Hard Wire Cutter Hard wire cutters have hard metal tips or tungsten carbide tips. These are heavier and larger than the pin and ligature cutters. These are used to cut all wires up to 0.020" round
- 49. Manu’s Heavy Wire Cutter’s Heavy gauge side cutters. They are capable of cutting wires of up to 1.3 mm diameter. Laboratory purpose
- 50. Face Bow Bending / Cutting Plier The face bow bending pliers are ideal for bending and cutting the outer bows of a face bow. These can be used to bend wires up to a diameter of 1.8 mm.
- 51. Distal End Cutter The distal end cutter is capable of cutting arch wires up to 0.56 x 0.70 mm/ .022" x .028 " both intraoral and extra oral Use - Exclusively for cutting the distal end of wire protruding out of the molar tubes It had a ‘safety’ mechanism to hold the cut arch wire so it does not fall into the patients mouth. Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog
- 52. Distal End Cutter Angulated 45 ° and 90˚ angled cutting tips For Posterior Areas
- 53. Lingual Distal End Cutter Used to cut distal end in lingual orthodontics Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog
- 54. Kruz Distal End Cutter Similar to distal end cutter Difference - Designed with long body so it can reach back into depth of mouth
- 55. Pin & Ligature Cutter - PLC Stainless steel or Tungsten carbide Right to the tip, for smooth cutting of soft ligature wires and lock pins and elastomerics Ligatures up to 0.015mm in diameter Types Mini Micro Mini Micro Mini 15 degree
- 57. Bracket & Adhesive Removing Pliers Use - for removing bonded brackets. The wide tips wedge between both the edges of the base of the bracket and the tooth surface(incisal-gingival direction), easily lifting off the bracket. Types Straight 60° angled tip Anterior debonding plier is also used for removal of adhesive remanant on enamel surface after bracket debonding
- 60. Kurz Lingual Bracket Removing Plier It is designed to fit the design of lingual brackets under the lingual hooks and bite turbos. This instrument incorporates a state of the art spring mechanism to improve durability and has an increased arm radius to allow for better movement. Use - to removal of lingual brackets and bite turbos.
- 62. Clasp Forming Instruments Adam’s Plier Hard stainless steel with or without TC tip Beaks - two smooth rectangular beaks The distance between hinge pin and the tips of the beaks is short The sides of the beaks are flat Edges of the grasping surface of the beaks are sharp and textured Inner surfaces - Not polished for better grip Use – For fabrication of the Adam's clasp
- 63. Adam’s Clasp Bending Plier Special pliers for easy forming of Adams' clasps in one step. Used for wires up to the diameter of 1 mm.
- 64. Arrow Clasp Bending Plier Arrow clasp bending pliers are used to bend the arrow clasp Used for wires up to the diameter of 0.7 mm.
- 65. Arrow Clasp Former Arrow clasp former is used for hard wires up to 0.7mm/0.028". Use - forms the clasp of the shape and small stops in the arch wire
- 66. Adam’s Spring Forming Plier Beaks - One beak is rounded and other is square/flat ended. Use - to adjust springs on orthodontic removable appliances and to smooth and contour arch wires Up to 0.7mm
- 67. Swartz Plier Clasp Forming 0.028” or 0.7mm Wire Photo – iXion Catalog
- 69. Bird Beak Plier Stainless Steel Beaks – Pyramid Shape Use – Utility Plier,Up to 0.030”/0.76mm, Round Wire Photo – iXion Catalog
- 70. Light Wire Plier Beaks – Long and Tapered Types Smooth Serrated Use - up to 0.5mm/0.020” Arch Form & Spring Preparation Photo – iXion Catalog
- 71. Jarabak Plier Modification of Light Wire Plier Precision Groove Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog
- 72. Howe Plier Lip Shape Types Straight Curved Photo – iXion Catalog
- 73. Weingart Plier Serrated tips Use – Placement of Archwire Up to 0.020”/0.5mm Photo – iXion Catalog
- 74. Tweed Plier Photo – iXion Catalog Serrated tips Use – Edgewise Technique Stoppage Bends
- 75. Three Jaw Plier 3 tips Up to 0.030” Use Activation of quad Helix Bends in Lingual bar and Wire Photo – iXion Catalog
- 76. Lingual Arch Plier Use – Double and Triple Back Bends Photo – iXion Catalog
- 77. Turret The wire slotted body is made of stainless steel It is used for preparation of arch wires with or without torque adjustment. It is available in six different versions and colors – Blue, Black, Gold, Silver, Purple, Green.
- 78. Turret – Blue Turret – Black It is used for forming rectangular arch wires. .016’’ to .0215’’ It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 – 230 For use only with wire : .016’’ x .022’’
- 79. Turret – Gold Turret – Silver It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 70 – 100 - 130 – 160 For use only with wire : .018’’ It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 – 230 For use only with wire : .022’’
- 80. Turret – Purple Turret – Green It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 - 230 For use only with wire : .016” x .016” It is used for forming round arch wires For use only with wire : .014” - .016” - .018” - .020”
- 81. De La Rosa Contouring Pliers Guiding grooves for forming round and square arches 0.016", 0.018", 0.020" and 0.022". Use - helps to accentuate the curvature in the arch wire.
- 82. Hook Crimping Plier Designed to crimp stops, hooks and posts to archwire Photo – Dentsply Catalog
- 83. V Bending Plier 1mm V bend Photo – iXion Catalog
- 84. Rose Torquing Plier Used In Pair To give Labial or Lingual Torque Photo – Dentsply Catalog
- 86. Young’s Loop Forming Plier Stainless Steel with Tungsten Carbide Tips It can be used for wires up to the diameter of 1 mm Use – To form loops
- 87. Nance Loop Forming Plier Steps 3mm 4mm 5mm 6mm Use – Round and Rectangular Wire Up to 0.7mm/ 0.028” Photo – iXion Catalog
- 88. Tweed Plier Beak – One Cylindrical & Concave Beak Use Multiple Loops Omega Loops Photo – iXion Catalog
- 89. Omega Loop Forming Plier Electro-etched Beak Steps 0.045” 0.060” 0.075” Use – Up to 0.021” x 0.028” Round Omega Loop Photo – Dentsply Catalog
- 90. Loop Tie Back Plier Steps 2mm 3mm 4mm 5mm Use – Closing loops are made to desired heights
- 91. Optical Plier Beak – One Round & Concave Beak Use Stop in Wire Loop Tie Back Gable Bend Photo – iXion Catalog
- 93. Dontrix Gauge Stainless Steel Measures Orthodontic Forces
- 94. Correx Gauge Measures Orthodontic Forces Measure and calibrate the pressure or force required
- 95. Vernier Scale Originated in Ancient China Measures Orthodontic Forces
- 97. Repair Blunt Tips Distorted plane of Joint Gap between contact surface of beaks Beveled edges Worn Beak Image – Competitor Repair
- 99. Maintenance Handle Gently Avoid Mishandling Discard corroded instruments Check beaks regularly Use for the prescribed purpose Lubricate Joints before sterilization Dry instruments before sterilization
- 100. Sterilizatio n
- 101. Sterilization Pre Cleaning Instrument Washer Ultrasonic cleaner Chemiclave Autoclove
- 102. References The Design, Construction and Use of Removable Orthodontic Appliances (5th ed) – C. Philip Adams Modified Bracket Positioning Holder – Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, April 2011 Vol-2 Issue-2 – Dr Nandish Shetty Textbook Of Orthodontics (2nd Ed) – Gurkeerat Singh Catalog TP orthodontics iXion Leone Dentarum 3M Unitek American Orthodontics Dentsply
- 103. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- Hinge Joint – Permits Motion in one plain eg. tweezer Pivot Joint – Rotary Movement eg plier
- Modified thin plier
- Also k\as Hemostat or Artery Forcep . Curve at 45 degree . Serrated Beaks
- Hole 0.020” Groove . Wide – Positive locking
- Prevent Soft tissue Damage
- for anterior debonding which allows better access to posterior areas).
- Modification with cutter and long beak
- 3 grooves
- Straight Anterior Banding , Curve at 40 degree - Posterior
- Modified with tc
- Modification – NiTi , Extra Fine
- Has TC tip
- 4 steps
- 4 steps … 2 squeezes
- 4 to 9 oz. gram/pond and centi-Newton