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Anemia 101
- 1. All you need to know about ANEMIA
- 2. Anemia, is defined as a decrease in the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood. Definition
- 3. Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood , affects about a quarter of global population. (World population : 7.3 billion, 7.3 /4 = 1.8 billion) Iron deficiency anemia affects nearly 1 billion. One billion = one thousand million = 1 × 109 = 1,000,000,000 Deaths due to iron deficiency anemia In 2013 - 183,000 deaths In 1990 - 213,000 deaths. Anemia increases costs of medical care. Lowers a person's productivity through a decreased ability to work. Silent in nature – symptoms go unrecognized. Preventable. Important Facts
- 4. Types of anemia • Iron deficiency Decreased production of RBC • Malaria Increased destruction • Trauma • Ulcers • Piles Blood loss
- 5. Iron deficiency Deficient intake Deficient intake of iron-rich foods e.g. meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron- fortified foods. Deficient absorption Parasitic worms – Round worms, Pin worms, Hookworms etc. High intake of cow’s milk or antacids Loss from bleeding Bleeding from intestinal , uterine or urinary tract. Cause
- 6. Unusual obsessive food cravings, known as PICA , may develop. When anemia comes on slowly adaptation occurs and the disease often goes unrecognized for some time, even years. The symptoms are often vague and may include: feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath or a poor ability to exercise. Mental symptoms G I symptoms Other symptoms Anxiety Irritability or a low feeling Depression Insomnia Sleepiness Slow social development Tingling, numbness, or burning sensations Tinnitus Poor appetite Constipation Mouth ulcers Glossitis Angular cheilitis Dysphagia Koilonychia - brittle nails Fainting or feeling faint Breathlessness Palpitations Angina Pale yellow skin Missed menstrual cycle Hair loss Pruritus (itchiness) Symptoms
- 7. Change in lab values in iron deficiency anemia Change Parameter ↓ ferritin, hemoglobin, MCV ↑ TIBC, transferrin, RDW WHO's Hemoglobin thresholds used to define anemia Age or gender group Hb threshold (g/dl) Women, non-pregnant 12.0 Men (>15yrs) 13.0 Diagnosis
- 8. Eat iron rich foods Treatment
- 9. Oral Iron supplements – 1. Although the supplements work best on an empty stomach, you may want to take them with food so that they don't upset your stomach. 2. You shouldn't take iron supplements with milk, caffeine, antacids, or calcium supplements. These can decrease the amount of iron that is absorbed. 3. Try to take your iron supplement with vitamin C (for example, a glass of orange juice) to increase absorption. Oral iron supplements can cause the following side effects: 1. dark stools 2. upset stomach 3. constipation (you may need to take a stool softener) 4. heartburn This is a chronic therapy which may take 3–6 months. Treatment
- 10. Thank you Author & Contact details: Dr Anil Pandav (MBBS) anilpandav1952@gmail.com