3. Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI) is a Joint Venture
of Westport & Cummins
Cummins Inc. Westport
Cummins Inc. Innovations Inc.
50/50
“CWI”
Cummins Westport Inc.
3
4. Cummins Inc.
More than 75 years –Leader in American diesel
manufacturing
World’s largest builder of commercial diesels
Designs, manufactures, distributes, and services
– electric power generation systems, engines, and
related technologies, including fuel systems, controls,
air handling, filtration, and emissions solutions.
Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana (USA),
– serves customers in approximately 190 countries and
territories through a network of more than 500
company-owned and independent distributor locations
and approximately 5,200 dealer locations.
– Cummins reported sales of $14.3 billion in 2008
Cummins product development & manufacturing
alliances include:
– Case, New Holland, IVECO, Komatsu, Westport, and
Scania.
5. Westport Innovations Inc.
Recognized as the world leader in
gaseous fuel engine technology
Originated from research at UBC in early
1990’s
Public company on TSE/NASDAQ,
formed in 1995
Almost 300 people World-wide
State-of-the-art facilities in Vancouver, BC, Canada
Vancouver, Canada:
7,400 m2 (78,000 ft2) of
laboratory and office space
Leading Natural Gas expertise and
industry relationships
Technology Innovation and
Application Award
6. Natural Gas Engine
Reliability Improvement
C8.3G / C Gas Plus - Reliability
7
C8.3 G C Gas Plus
6
5
Six Fold
Relative Cost
4
Reliability
3 Improvement
2
1
0
1999 3 1999 4 2000 1 2000 2 2000 3 2000 4 2001 1 2001 2 2001 3 2001 4 2002 1 2002 2 2002 3 2002 4
Build Quarter
Cummins Confidential
7. CWI: Fully integrated within Cummins. We are
Cummins’ automotive natural gas engine company
Product Cummins Tech Center
Engineering Cummins VPI Process
Manufacturing Cummins Plants
Cummins Account
Sales Teams & Distributors
Warranty Cummins Warranty
Parts
Cummins Distributors
& Service
It’s a Cummins Engine!
Cummins Confidential
9. On Highway Product Line
5.9 Litre 5.9 Litre 8.9 Litre
8.3 Litre
Lean Burn Lean Burn Stoich EGR
Lean Burn
195–230 hp 150–230 hp 250-320 hp
250-280 hp
420–500 lb-ft 325–500 lb-ft 660-1000 lb-ft
660-850 lb-ft
EURO III-V, EEV EURO V, EEV Euro VI EEV,
EURO IV
RMEP CIL EPA 2010
RMEP
RMEP
11. Why Use Heavy Duty Natural Gas
Engines
Explore Every Alternative.
12. Natural Gas Market Drivers
Environmental Leadership
Meets/beats Regulated 2010 EPA/Euro EEV
Lower greenhouse gas emissions
Economic Benefits Energy Security
Improved Reliability Reduced reliance on oil
Improved Efficiency Biomethane capable
Lower total fuel costs Pathway to hydrogen
Cummins Confidential
13. Growing Natural Gas Availability Will Keep
Price Down
Forecast: Delivered Energy Prices for Diesel & Gas Shale Plays are an Industry Changing
Natural Gas Transportation Fuels, 2010-2035 Breakthrough
2008 Equivalent U.S. Dollars Per Gallon Equivalent
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
North America Resource Estimates
2,119 Tcf of Total Resource
1.00
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 95+ Year Supply at 75 Bcf/d
Natural Gas Diesel
70+ Year Supply at 100 Bcf/d
Source U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010
13
14. Traditional Focus-Regulated Emissions
Euro 2 1996
EPA 1994
EPA 1998
5.0
Euro 3 2001
4.0
NOx [g/HP-hr]
Euro 4 2006 EPA 2004
2.5
Euro 5 /EEV
2009
1.2 EPA 2007
JE05
0.2 EPA 2010/Euro 6
0.01 0.015 0.075 0.100.11
PARTICULATE [g/HP-hr]
16. Tough California Emissions Standards
and Cummins Westport Engines
California Air Resources Board - Executive Order Shows Emissions Results
ISL G is under 2010 NOx and PM regulations
NMHC NOx CO PM
FTP EUR FTP EUR FTP EUR FTP EUR
O O O O
STD 0.14 0.14 0.2 0.2 15.5 15.5 0.01 0.01
CERT 0.13 0.04 0.13 0.01 1.2 0.4 0.002 0.000
FTP: Federal Test Procedure [ transient and steady state ]
EURO: Euro III European Steady-State Cycle
STD: standard or emissions test cap
CERT: certification level
Further Reductions are Being Explored
• Sub Ambient 16
•“Zero” Emissions
18. GHG & Fuel Economy Improvement
Phase 1
6 Sigma tools compared 2007 ISL G and 2001 C Gas Plus at Orange County Transit
Authority (OCTA)
Demonstrated + 5% improvement
Phase 2
US GHG Regulations
2013 - No change
2017 – Another 3% Improvement
18
19. GHG Well to Wheel for Urban Bus - GH Genius
2010 Results (Vancouver, Canada)
Extraction Processing Transportation End user Total
and storage
Natural
Gas
1,402.4 g/km
115 g/km 49.5 g/km 53.9 g/km 1,183.9 g/km
Diesel
1,811.7 g/km
268.8g/km 179.5 g/km 9.7 g/km 1,353.7g/km
22.6% GHG reduction
Including vehicle material and assembly - 21.9% GHG
Source:http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/es/etb/ctfca/PDFs/GHGenius/gh_genius_pamphlet0405_e.html
20. Biomethane Impact
Bowerman Landfill
Extraction Processi Transporta End user Total
ng tion and WM Altamont
storage
Natura
l Gas
1,402.4
g/km
115 g/km 49.5 53.9 g/km 1,183.9
g/km g/km
Diesel
Bio Fuel improves GHG impact
1,811.7
g/km
Biomethane: 75-200% reduction
268.8g/km 179.5 9.7 g/km 1,353.7g/k Source:http://www.
g/km m nsca.org.uk/assets/
biogas_
as_transport_fuel_j
une06.pdf
Compressed Natural Gas - 22% GHG reduction
21. Agriculture Waste
Dairy farm uses Hilarides Dairy - Lindsay, California
manure from 10,000
cows to generate
Bio-Methane to
power delivery trucks
1000 cows produce
78000 DGE/year of
Bio-Methane (1)
(1) Biomethane from Dairy Waste
A Sourcebook for the Production and Use of Renewable Natural Gas in California (2005)
24. We Start with Simple Cleaner Fuel
Natural gas is a low carbon fuel
14/30 = 1:2
1/4 = 1:4
24
25. Spark Ignited Technology
• Fuel and air are premixed outside the Spark
cylinder Plug
• Spark plug ignites the mixture
• Air flow controls fuel flow
• Air/Fuel ratio controls emissions
Cummins Confidential
26. Coil on Plug Ignition
Ignition coils mounted at 45 degree angle
One coil per cylinder
Left side of valve cover
27. Natural Gas Engine Technology Evolution
120
1. Stoichiometric Rich Lean
• Low NOx with TWC 100
Percent Maximum NOx
• Combustion temperatures limit
power density, efficiency and 80
durability
•First technology used in HD natural
Stoichiometric
gas engines 60
2. Lean Burn 40 Lean Burn
EGR
• Introduced in ’90s
•NOx control is in-cylinder 20
•Lean combustion reduces in cylinder
temperatures improving power 0
density/efficiency
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
•Proven reliability/durability in heavy
duty applications Air / Fuel Ratio
•Capable of EPA 07 Euro4/5 emissions
3. Stoichiometric with Cooled EGR
• Combines & Improves the best attributes of Stoichiometric & Lean Burn combustion
• TWC for NOx control - Sub-EPA 2010 emissions with passive aftertreatment
•Cooled EGR in place of air in Lean Burn reduces in cylinder combustion temperatures
• Improved low end torque and fuel economy
Cummins Confidential
29. 5.9L, LBSI, Full Electronics
Euro 5, EEV
Over 100 million kilometers
operational experience
Applications
Urban Shuttle/Bus
Medium Duty Truck
Specialty Vehicles
Engine Ratings
Model Horsepower Peak Torque
230 230 @ 2800 500 @ 2800
200 200 @ 2800 465 @ 2800
195 195 @ 2800 420 @ 2800
30. C Gas Plus - Natural Gas History
1995 2001
C8.3G Mechanical C Gas Plus
•Lean Burn Combustion •Introduced in 2001
•Lean Burn combustion
Base Platform for C •Introduced in 1998
Gas and C Gas Plus •State of the art spark
•Major improvement over 1st ignition/control system
generation CNG L 10 Series
•First engine 2004 EPA
•Over 4000 still in service Certified- 1.8 NOx
•Improved Reliability •Six fold reliability Increase
31. Why is Plus Better
Engine Designed for Gaseous Fuels
– Improved drive by Wire actuator
– Lower emissions
– Wide range fuel composition capability
• 65 Methane number for gas
– Knock sensing and control
– Robust oxygen sensor design
– Adaptive learn through control system
– Modern engine controller
– Improved controls
– More sensed parameters
– Humidity sensing and compensation
32. Focal Point of Third Generation “Plus”
Technology
MIXER AIR/FUEL
CHARGE-COOLED DRIVE-BY WIRE
AIR THROTTLE
WASTEGATE TURBO
Improved
CONTROL VALVE ACTUATOR THROTTLE POSITION
ENGINE POSITION
Reliability
Fuel INTAKE PRESSURE &
Control Valve
TEMPERATURE Operability
Shutoff
BOOST PRESSURE
CM 556
ENGINE
Serviceability
Fuel Flow ENGINE
CONTROLLER COOLANT TEMPERATURE
Sensor
CONTROLLER
CM556 WIDEBAND OXYGEN Life Cycle Costs
SENSOR
Filter FUEL PRESSURE &
TEMPERATURE Fuel Flexibility
IGNITION
IGNITION OIL PRESSURE/TEMP
Fuel
MODULE
MODULE
EXH. BACK PRESSURE
Downtime
Shutoff
6-C/L Gas Plus Coil Packs 2-B Gas Plus
Fuel KNOCK SENSOR Maintenance Costs
Pressure
Regulator PC BASED DIAGNOSTICS
Spark Plugs
FUEL
Improvement Areas
34. ISL G Natural Gas Engine
8.9 Litre (540 cu. In.)
In line 6 cylinder
Charge Air Cooled (CAC)
Spark ignition
Peak Rating:
– HP-320 hp Torque -1000 lb-ft
Certified to 2010 EPA and CARB NOx
and PM standards
Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment
Manufactured by Cummins in Cummins
Engine Plant- Rocky Mount, North
Carolina
Over 8,000 in service.
LNG
34
35. ISL G - Three Key Emission Technologies
Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cummins
(CEGR)
Stoichiometric Combustion Cummins Westport
Cummins
Three Way Catalyst (TWC)
Emission Solutions
35
36. Three Way Catalyst
TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NOX, CO, HC
End products are: N2, CO2, H2O
Packaged as a replacement muffler
Simple, passive, maintenance-free
Consistent performance across all duty cycles
Catalyst Inlet Catalyst Outlet
NOX N2
CO CO2
HC H2 O
ISL G TWC - similar package size to current mufflers
37. Technology
What is the Same?
Major Engine Components 320, 300, 280, 260 and 250
– Block, crankshaft, main bearing,
HP ratings
piston rods, EGR Compatible with Cummins
– Over 80% parts commonality Diagnostic tools
500 hour Maintenance Interval – Insite
– Quickserve online
Parts and Service
Manufactured in Cummins
– Global Cummins Distributor
Engine Plant, North Carolina
Network
37
38. Technology
What is Different?
Cylinder head Fuel Cost
– 2 valve vs. 4 valve (diesel) – Natural gas costs less than diesel
Ignition – Fuel cost per mile (KM) is lower
– Spark Ignition (SI) vs. Compression – Total LCC can be less than diesel
(diesel)
Fuel System Lubricating Oil
– Intake manifold vs. Common rail – Natural gas engines require a specific
injection (diesel) oil that meets Cummins specification
Aftertreatment CES 20074
– 3 way catalyst vs. Particulate Filter + Noise
Selective Catalytic Reduction
(diesel) – Natural gas engines are up to 10db
Maintenance Cost quieter at idle
– Incremental maintenance for ignition Compression Ratio
and valve adjustments – can be
offset with diesel fuel system – ISL G is 12:1 compression
maintenance
38
39. Reduced Noise
Noise Comparison
110
ISL G is 5.5 decibels
Communities notice the quieter at peak torque
natural gas noise and load
advantage.
100
ONE Diesel engine idling is
louder than TEN natural
Decibeles dB(A)
ISL G is 9.9
gas engines idling together decibels quieter 07 ISL
90
at Idle/no load 07 ISL G
80
70
Peak Torque / Full Load Idle / No Load
Engine Test Mode
40. CWI Natural Gas Engines Work
Supported By Same Structure as Cummins Diesel
•Cummins has one of the largest network of service providers in the world.
•Local service and support for CWI Products is available at any authorized
Cummins facility
North America Europe and Middle East Japan and Korea
215 Distributor Locations 62 Distributor Locations 5 Distributor Locations
3860 Dealer Locations 308 Dealers 35 Dealers
SE Asia and
China
27 Distributor Locations
18 Dealers
Australia and
New Zealand
26 Distributor Locations
91 Dealers
India
Central and South American 30 Distributor Locations
88 Distributor Locations 104 Dealers
142 Dealers
42. Natural Gas is a Safe Fuel
Natural Gas Liquid fuels
Lighter than air Heavier than air
Rises Descends
Doesn’t accumulate in low places Accumulates in low places
Rich mixture burns off slowly Rich mixture explodes
Ignites at temperatures of approx. 600 C Gas and diesel vapors ignite at approx. 200 C
Non toxic Toxic
Odorless-detection fragrance is added Strong inherent odor
Evaporates quickly Evaporates slowly at room temperature
Drop Test
• Tanks must pass extensive safety testing i.e. drop test
• Natural gas is non-corrosive
• Narrow flammability range and high auto-ignition temperature
• Will not contaminate soil or water
43. Station Configurations
Typical CNG Station Typical L/CNG Station
1. Compressor 1. LNG Storage
2. Gas Dryer 2. Vaporizer
3. Storage vessels 3. Odorizer
4. Dispensers, along with 4. Dispensers,
underground piping along with
underground
piping
44. Volume and Range Comparison
Diesel Tank Space Range Per 100
per 100 mi Gallons Tank Space
650 mi
15 Gal.
LNG
380 mi
26 Gal.
CNG
170 mi
58 Gal.
* Estimate based on 6.5 mpg diesel, and same efficiency for NG vehicle
45. LNG Tanks
Tank internal design maintains a dedicated vapor space (aka “ullage”)
– Net liquid capacity approx. 10% < gross capacity
LNG tanks require 6” to 8” valve access at rear of tank
– Need to allow for this when spec’ing frame-mounted components
LNG tank Fuel valves behind shroud
47. Fuel or Vehicles First?
Established North American ISL G Applications
BUS REFUSE
48. Fuel or Vehicles First?
North American Truck OEM’s
OEM Freightliner Peterbilt Kenworth Volvo
Model M2 - 112 320 T800SH VNM
384 W900S
365 T440
T470
Engine ISLG 320 ISL G 320 ISLG 320 ISL G 320
ISL G 300
Application 6x4 Tractor Tractor Tractor Tractor
4x2 Tractor Vocational Vocational
4x2 Truck Mixer Mixer
6x2 Truck
Vocational
OR LNG
Cummins Westport Confidential 48
49. CNG & Trucks
Paper Transport – Green Bay to Chicago
•Hauling paper
towels/napkins southbound
(55,000 lbs GVW)
•Scrap paper northbound
(75,000 lb GVW)
• Saving $1.50/gln vs. diesel
•Averaging 5.6 mpg
•Two trucks operating 5
days/week since Feb. 2010
logging approx. 160,000
miles each
•Five more delivered in Sept.
with 30,000 miles/each
5X15 DGE CNG tanks (75 DGE total)
50. Kenworth T440 – CNG Rail Mount
2X 40.5 DGE CNG tanks = 81 DGE Total
51. Top North America CNG Transit Fleets
150 1500 BOSTON
NYCT LA 300 WASHINGTON PHOENIX
400 600
400 300 250 250
500 SAN DIEGO SACRAMENTO SAN BERNADINO TACOMA
ORANGE
COUNTY
Fort Worth, TX
LA, CA — Foothill
Santa Clara, CA
over Toronto, ON
LA, CA — DOT
Hamilton, ON
8,000
Atlanta, GA
Las Vegas, NV Vancouver, BC
St. Louis, MO
Seattle, WA
Baton Rouge, LA
San Antonio, TX
engines in Corpus Christi, TX
Ocean Side, CA
Fresno, CA service Santa Monica, CA
Culver City, CA
Albuquerque, NM Medford, OR
Montgomery County, MD
Port Huron, MI Long Island, NY Salem, OR Cape Cod, MA
52. “A Better Fuel for the Future”
“I have a dream that will change the world”
“I have a better engine design”
“I have a better fuel for the future”
…. Clessie Cummins
Diesel power had half a century to perfect technology
We’ve come all this way in only a decade!
