Guidelines Prevention of Falls

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Title: GUIDELINES- PREVENTION OF FALLS
Policy Number: GD-DSS-002 Rev No: 0 Effective Date: 5-1-2012 Page No: 1
2011
GUIDELINES
PREVENTION OF FALLS

Title: GUIDELINES – PREVENTION OF FALLS
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Contents
S/N Subject Page
1 Introduction 4
2 Scope 5
3 Applicability 5
4 Definition 5 - 6
5 General commitment by UTAR 7
6 General commitment by UTAR’s employees 7
7 General commitment by non-employees 7
8 Administrator 8
9 General principles in managing risk for safety at work 8
10 Action on risk of falling 8
11 Job Safety 9
12 Prioritizing 9
13 Training 9
14 Prevention of Falls – General Safety Measures 10 - 11
i. Recommended techniques for fall protection 11
ii. Guard Rail System 11
iii. Fall Prevention System
a. Fall arrest system
b. Restraining system
c. Retrieval System
d. Positioning system
e. Suspension system
11 - 13
iv. Scaffolding 14 - 16
v. Safety / Peripheral Nets 17
vi. Portable ladders
a. Step ladder
b. Straight and Extension ladder
17 - 20
vii. Roof Access 21
viii. Risk of falling from brittle / fragile roof 22
ix. Tree Climbing 23
x. Using lifting / hoisting machineries 24 - 25
xi. Excavation 26
xii. Holes / Floor Openings / Open Side Hatchings 27

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Contents
S/N Subject Page
xiii. Housekeeping 27
xiv. Barricades 28
xv. Signs and Lightings 28 - 29
15 Non Employees 29 - 30
16 Equipment 31
17 Permits 31
18 Safety Violations 32 - 33
19 Incident Reporting 33 - 34
20 Personal Protection Equipment 34
APPENDICES
A Ladder Inspection Checklist 35
B Check Ladder Before Use 36
C 3 Point Contact 37
D Ladder Placement 38
E Step Ladder 39
F Using the Step Ladder 40
G Single / Straight / Extension ladder 41
H Tree Climbing 42
I Non-Employee Security Declaration 43

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1.0 Introduction
1.1 This document sets forth certain guidelines on Safety – Prevention
of Falls at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR). This
guideline CANNOT COVER EVERY POSSIBLE SITUATION. As
this is a working document, UTAR expects its employees to
continuously contribute towards its improvement and to
supplement these guidelines with proper instructions and work
practices that, based on knowledge and experience, will decrease
the likelihood of injury to the employees, and non-employees, as
well as prevent damage to property and materials at UTAR sites.
At a minimum, everyone will work /operate in compliance with the
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) and all other
pertinent safety regulations
1.2 UTAR recognizes that there are many hazards inherent in our
work. However, through responsible and reasonable safety
practices, these hazards can be controlled.
1.3 This Guideline - Prevention of Falls is published in conjunction
with Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman’s (UTAR) Safety Policies (as
stipulated under Section 16 of the OSHA 1994) and as approved by
UTAR’s Management Committee and/or the Safety and Health
Committee, must be adhered to in the manner stipulated or
alternatively, where an equivalent or better level of safety is
attained.
1.4 The sole authority in any conflict resolution pertaining to any
safety related matters shall be the Chairman, Safety Committee in
consultation with UTAR’s competent person responsible for Safety
and/or the Safety Committee.
2.0 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514)
2.1 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) aims to
ensure safety and health of all persons in a workplace through self
regulating philosophy where responsibility for safety and health in
the workplace lies with those who create the risks and those who
work with the risks.

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3.0 Scope
3.1 This Guideline – Prevention of Falls applies to a plethora of work
applications / situations within the premises of UTAR. However, it
is an impossibility to anticipate every situation, type or
circumstance where a potential falls might occur.
4.0 Applicability
4.1 This Guideline – Prevention of Falls, must be adhered to by
everyone, including employees and anyone else working within the
premise of UTAR. with exceptions to projects where the defined
area of control, responsibility and liability (including indemnifying
UTAR against any/all liabilities) is handed over to contractor
4.2 Non-employees such as contractors, vendors etc. must also
subscribe to UTAR’s policies and guidelines and a section has been
dedicated for this category of people.
5.0 Definitions
For the purpose of this guideline:
5.1 “anchor point” means a secure point so as to prevent the person
from falling to the ground
5.2 “competent person” in relation to performing a task, a person who
has been appointed, being responsible and accountable to perform
the task competently
5.3 “DSS” means UTAR’s Department of Safety and Security
5.4 “DOSH” means Department of Safety and Health Malaysia

5.5 “extension ladder” means a ladder comprising of two or more
sections moving along guides or brackets so as to allow
adjustments of working length
5.6 “falling”, in this code of practice, is a reference to a person falling
and includes a reference to a person falling from, through or into a
place or thing.
5.7 “fall protection” means fall arrest system and vice versa
5.8 “ladder” means a portable equipment made of either timber,
metal, reinforced plastic or fiberglass with rungs for stepping up
or down
5.9 “non-employee” means contractor, vendor, it’s agents, sub-contractors
5.10 “OSHA” refers to the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
5.11 “person in charge of a workplace” means the person who has the
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management or control of the workplace.
5.12 “practicable” means (in Safety application) so far as reasonably
practicable involving weighing a risk against challenges, time and
cost required to control the risk
5.13 “premises” means any land, building or part of any building
5.14 “PPE” means personal protection equipment
5.15 “rungs or steps” of a ladder means cross pieces of the ladder
designed for stepping

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6.0 General commitment by UTAR
6.1 As stipulated under Section 15 of OSHA, UTAR will ensure, so far
as practicable, the safety and health of its employees at work.
7.0 General commitment by UTAR’s employees
7.1 As stipulated under Section 24 of OSHA, UTAR employees will
7.1.1 take reasonable care for their own safety and health and of
other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions
at work
7.1.2 adhere to UTAR’s policies, guidelines, instructions etc in
discharging their duties
7.1.3 use any protective equipments or clothing provided by
UTAR for safety and health risk prevention
8.0 General commitment by non-employees
8.1 As stipulated under Section 17 of OSHA, UTAR has also included
guidelines for non-employees, especially contractors working
within UTAR’s premises.
8.2 As non-employees working within UTAR’s premise they are
responsible in ensuring that their employees, sub-contractors are
fully aware on all of these matters and work in full compliance.
8.3 These guidelines must be included in the terms and conditions of
any/all scope of work undertaken by the contractor and any award,
subsequent payment and future re-appointments shall include their
safety and health compliance/performance.

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9.0 Administrator
9.1 Safety is everyone’s responsibility and every UTAR employees
must be familiar with their safety responsibilities, proactively
prevent accidents, injuries and to escalate any hazards to their
respective supervisors or DSS.
9.2 DSS is responsible to administer and enforce these guidelines
including monitoring and review of measures established to
manage risks.
10.0 General principles in managing risk for safety at work
10.1 eliminate or avoid risks
10.2 detect, anticipate, evaluate and reduce the risks which cannot be
eliminated.
10.3 fight risks at source
10.4 foster prevention through information and training
10.5 replace what is hazardous by what is less hazardous
10.6 adapt work to the employee
10.7 promote collective protection
10.8 use individual protection as a last recourse
10.9 take into account changes in technique
10.10 give appropriate instructions to the personnel
11.0 Risk of falling
11.1 Whenever a risk of falling is raised or identified, the following
process will be effected:

11.1.1 ascertain previous injuries or near misses at site or the action
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11.1.2 challenges identified with performing the task
11.1.3 an inspection
12.0 Job Safety
12.1 Upon obtaining the details as per 11.0, an assessment of the
consequence to an actual event / incident shall be made by
12.1.1 ascertaining the number of persons that will be affected
12.1.2 ascertaining frequency of occurrence
12.1.3 determine the impact of such occurrence
13.0 Prioritizing
13.1 Upon identifying measures that will eliminate or minimize risks,
(other than the application of PPE) ratings must be assigned for
each measures based on the followings:
13.1.1 most effective
13.1.2 effective
13.1.3 plausible
13.2 This will assist in prioritizing when there are several challenges
14.0 Training
14.1 This guideline (as in all other relevant policies) should be included
as part of employees orientation and re-training.

14.2 For non-employees etc. similar training should be given as part of
safety briefing prior to any contract awards or commencement of
work. It could also be part of a scheduled training program for long
term partnerships with UTAR’s safety accreditation awarded to
attending contractors.
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15.0 Prevention of Falls – General Safety Measures
15.1 These measures shall apply for employees and non-employees so
far as the need to ensure safe practices and behaviors whilst
performing a task /job within UTAR’s premises
15.2 All work performed 1.8 meters or more in elevation or within 1.2
meters of an unprotected floor opening, wall opening, or roof edge
with a potential six-foot fall requires optimum fall protection.
15.3 Recommended techniques for providing optimum fall protection
includes:
15.3.1 A properly manufactured/constructed, erected, secured and
maintained ladder.
15.3.2 A properly manufactured, erected and maintained scaffold
with complete handrail system (top rail, mid-rail, toe-boards).
15.3.3 A properly inspected, operated and maintained mobile
bucket or scissors lift. Non-employees working with
mobile buckets or scissors lifts must work within the
confines of the railing and be tied off utilizing a full body
harness.
15.3.4 A properly designed and maintained full body harness
equipped with a shock absorbent lanyard with double-action
snap hooks, inertia reels, and support cabling.
15.3.5 Maintain guarding at all openings along roof edges, building
edges, and floor openings with guard rails, barricades
and/or covers.

15.3.6 Other pre-approved methods designed by a registered
Professional Engineer (i.e., netting systems, cabling systems).
15.3.7 When using the body harness as a method of fall protection,
the non-employee must, at all times, be tied off by at least
one connection between his/her body harness and a secured
building structural member or other fall protection device.
The tie-off or fall protection device must be of adequate
strength to support the fall of that particular non-employee.
Connection / anchor points should be designed ahead of
time in the design phase of the project work.
15.3.8 Every non-employee issued with a safety harness shall be
instructed by a Qualified Person in the proper method of
wearing, using, and securing it. Furthermore, every safety
harness and lanyard must be inspected by non-employee
Qualified Person upon issue, and by the wearer before each
use.
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15.4 Guard Rail System
15.4.1 A guard rail system or edge protector must be applied.
15.5 Types of fall prevention system
15.5.1 Some types of fall prevention system are
15.5.1.1 individual fall arrest system
15.5.1.2 positioning system
15.5.1.3 suspension system
15.5.1.4 retrieval system
15.5.1.5 restraint system
15.5.2 Individual fall arrest system
15.5.2.1 at a minimum, a personal fall arrest system shall
consists of

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15.5.2.1.1 full body harness
15.5.2.1.2 connecting device
15.5.2.1.3 anchor point
15.5.3 Restraining system
15.5.3.1 This is a device that is attached between the
person to an anchor point to prevent the person
from walking or falling off an elevated surface
comprising of
15.5.3.1.1 anchor point(s)
15.5.3.1.2 restraining line
15.5.3.1.3 body harness or restraining belt
15.5.4 CAUTION
15.5.4.1 The restraining system should not be used
whenever a free fall might occur, especially when
15.5.4.1.1 the restraining line is adjustable
15.5.4.1.2 possibility of falling through the surface
of work area
15.5.4.1.3 possibility of any misuse of the
restraining system
15.5.5 Retrieval System
15.5.5.1 This system is used for confined space entry and
shall at the minimum, consist of the followings:
15.5.5.1.1 Full body hardness

15.5.5.1.2 Retractable lifeline/rescue unit; and
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15.5.5.1.3 Tripod
15.5.6 Positioning System
15.5.6.1 This system is limited for allowing person to be
supported on elevated vertical surface, such as a
wall, and work with both hands free while leaning
and at the minimum, will comprise of the
followings:
15.5.6.1.1.1 Only a full-body harness
15.5.6.1.1.2 If a free fall occurs, it cannot be more than
cannot be more than 0.5 meters; and
15.5.6.1.1.3 Must be secured to an anchor point capable of
supporting at least twice the potential impact
load of the person’s fall.
15.5.7 Suspension System
15.5.7.1 This system is used for works such as window
washing or painting and is designed to lower and
support a worker to perform such tasks. It shall, at
the minimum, comprise of:
15.5.7.1.1 Full-Body Harness;
15.5.7.1.2 Work line;
15.5.7.1.3 Anchorage; and
15.5.7.1.4 Positioning device

15.5.7.1.5 Also, a redundant fall prevention
system should be used that would be
activated only if the worker were to
experience a free fall.
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15.5.7.2 CAUTION
15.5.7.2.1 A person using any form of fall
prevention system must not work alone.
15.5.7.2.2 All usage of a fall prevention systems
must be inspected by a competent
person for its serviceability and
durability, including
15.5.7.2.2.1 safety belts / harness
15.5.7.2.2.2 anchorage points
15.5.7.2.2.3 ropes / lines
15.5.7.2.2.4 Other devices such as carbiners
15.6 Scaffolding
15.6.1 All scaffolding and every part thereof, its erection,
operations, dismantling, inspection etc shall at the
minimum comply to Reg. 72 (1) of the Building
Operations and Works of Engineering Construction
(Safety) Regulations 1986
15.6.2 So far as the design, construction and erection of scaffolding,
they shall conform to all relevant and applicable laws,
rules and regulations.

15.6.3 Non-employee is responsible for selecting (suitability to type
of work), installing and maintaining scaffolds used on site
for the contracted work. Due to the potential hazards
associated with the use of and/or exposure to work being
performed on a scaffold, non-employee shall take
appropriate precautions while erecting, securing, utilizing
and removing the scaffolding. Personnel working under the
scaffold will be kept to a minimum and provided
appropriate protective equipment.
15.6.4 No scaffolding shall be erected, altered or dismantled except
under the direct supervision of a competent person which
must be registered with DOSH
15.6.5 Fall protection is required for all scaffold use (including
during erection process) 1.5 meters above a lower level.
15.6.6 All scaffolds, where work is conducted in excess of 1.5
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meters in height, shall have toe boards;
15.6.7 Follow all manufacturer's guidelines and special warnings.
15.6.8 Scaffolds should be used only on an even surface;
15.6.9 The maximum work level height shall not exceed 4 times the
least base dimension of the scaffold.
15.6.10 The minimum working platform width is 1 meter and
should have a non-slip surface and secured in position;
15.6.11 The platform surface should be kept clear of unrelated
tools and materials;
15.6.12 The supporting structure for the scaffold must be rigidly
braced, using adequate cross bracing or diagonal bracing
with rigid platforms at each work level;
15.6.13 A scaffold shall not be moved while personnel are on it;

15.6.14 Mobile scaffolds shall not be moved unless the surface of
travel is within 3 degrees of level and free of pits, holes
and obstructions, and the employee on the scaffold has
advanced knowledge of the movement.
15.6.15 Hard hats must be worn within the work area, especially
beneath elevated work where objects could fall from a
height and strike a worker; and
15.6.16 If pedestrian traffic is anticipated in the immediate area,
proper barricading will be placed to create a buffer zone,
which directs the pedestrian traffic a safe distance away
from the work area. The size of the buffer zone created
by the barricades will be determined by the height of the
scaffolding, the work being performed, and other site-specific
risk factors such as wind conditions or building
design. Where adequate sizing of the buffer zone is
limited due to site conditions, a covered walkway of
sufficient construction to protect the pedestrian traffic
will be provided by the non-employee.
15.6.17 The use of scissor lift or other mobile scaffold equipment
may create the same hazardous conditions as fixed
scaffolds and will follow the same requirements as
above.
15.6.18 If any work requires a person to extend beyond the rails
of the lift, then fall protection shall be utilized.
15.6.19 Modular scaffolding must be of the same type with no
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mixed components
15.6.20 All necessary signages must be placed
15.6.21 All scaffolding must be inspected by a competent person
15.6.21.1 before first use
15.6.21.2 after alterations
15.6.21.3 regular intervals (not exceeding 7 days)

15.6.22 where necessary, edge protection must be provided
15.6.23 Safety / peripheral nettings should be considered to
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prevent falling or falling debris/objects
15.7 Safety / Peripheral nets
15.7.1 Safety nets provide protections against falls and falling
debris.
15.7.2 When safety nets are used for fall prevention, it must be
15.7.2.1 At the minimum, comply to Reg. 55 (3) Building
Operations and Works of Engineering
Construction (Safety) Regulations 1986 and
relevant International Standards
15.7.2.2 Installed prior to any commencement of work
15.7.2.3 Of sufficient strength and size to catch falling
person or debris
15.7.2.4 Installed and inspected by a competent person
daily
15.7.2.5 No hot works done above the safety net
15.7.2.6 No exposure to other elements that will affect the
strength of netting materials.
15.8 Portable Ladders (General)
15.8.1 Portable ladder is for gaining access and simple work/jobs
only
15.8.2 Ensure that the ladder is suited for the job / works
15.8.3 Know the ladder’s limitations

15.8.4 Ladders must be inspected before being used. (Please see
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Appendix A)
15.8.4.1 Check that the feet work are not cracked, broken
or deformed
15.8.4.2 Check all parts for cracks, bends, corrosion,
broken or deformed
15.8.4.3 Check all step connections
15.8.4.4 Check that ladder, especially the steps are grease
free or dry to prevent slippage
15.8.4.5 Spreaders / Locking device is functional
15.8.4.6 See Appendix B
15.8.5 Non-employees, at no time are to use UTAR owned portable
ladders or related equipment and vice-versa
15.8.6 Ladders are to be placed on a flat surface and never on
another object
15.8.7 If it is necessary to place a ladder in or over a doorway,
barricade the door and post warning signs.
15.8.8 No more than one person is allowed on a ladder at a time.
15.8.9 Metal ladders must not be used for electric welding, or near
any electric lines or services.
15.8.10 Ladders are not to be used for skids, braces,
workbenches, or any purpose other than climbing.
15.8.11 When using a ladder, always maintain a three (3) point
contact with the ladder where both feet and one hand are
constantly in contact or when a fall protection system is

used (to enable the hands to carry out the work) both feet
in contact while the safety harness is attached to an
anchor. (Please see Appendix C)
15.8.12 Never move or make adjustment to a ladder when
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someone or something is on it
15.8.13 If work is to be carried out from a ladder and the height
of the person’s feet is more than 2 meters off the ground,
appropriate fall protection system is to be applied.
15.8.14 The top two rungs / steps of the ladder should never be
used.
15.8.15 Always face the ladder when ascending or descending
15.8.16 If there is no one to hold the ladder, lash or cleat the foot
of the ladder
15.8.17 Do not leave ladders unattended
15.8.18 For pictorial reference on placement of ladders, please
see Appendix D
15.8.18.1 Step ladders
15.8.18.2 “A” frame ladders must be in fully opened
position and secured against movement
15.8.18.3 Maximum length of a step ladder measured along
the front edge of the stiles must not exceed
15.8.18.3.1 6.1 meters if made of other timber
15.8.18.3.2 5.5 meters if made of timber
15.8.18.4 Step ladders must be set level on all four feet, with
spreaders locked.

15.8.18.5 Never stand on the top or the first step below the
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top of the ladder
15.8.18.6 Please see Appendix E & F
15.8.18.7 Step ladders must be tied off when used close to
the edge of an elevated platform, roof, floor
opening, or when they exceed eight feet in height.
15.8.18.8 Single or straight and Extension ladders
15.8.18.8.1 Such ladders must not be longer than
15.8.18.8.1.1 for single ladder - 6.1 meters
15.8.18.8.1.2 for extension ladder – 7.5 meters
15.8.18.8.2 Place ladder so the base is out one-fourth
the vertical distance from the
ground to the object against which the
ladder is leaning or between 70 to 80
degrees from the horizontal.
15.8.18.8.3 All single and extension ladders must be
equipped with non-skid safety feet.
15.8.18.8.4 Ladders must be adequately tied
off/secured.
15.8.18.8.5 For use of gaining access, the ladders
are to extend no less than 1 meter above
the surface.
15.8.18.8.6 After extension section has been raised
to desired height, ensure the safety limit
beyond the equipment’s rated capacity.
15.8.18.8.7 Extension ladder sections are not to be
used separately.

15.8.18.8.8 Extension ladders must overlap as per
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the followings:
15.8.18.8.8.1 3 foot overlap for 32 foot ladder
15.8.18.8.8.2 4 foot overlap for 32 – 36 foot
ladder
15.8.18.8.8.3 5 foot overlap for 36 – 48 foot
ladder
15.8.18.8.8.4 6 foot overlap for 48 foot ladder
15.8.18.8.9 Please refer to Appendix G
15.9 Roof Access
15.9.1 Roof access must be locked at all times and access to these
areas controlled.
15.9.2 Non-employee and if applicable, employees must analyze
the scope of work and safety measures before the roof is
accessed.
15.9.3 The areas to be accessed during the work must be inspected
by a competent person to ensure that they are safe before
entry.
15.9.4 Before each shift or day’s commencement, non-employee
must receive permission from Project Manager / Person in
Charge to access the roof. Employees must receive
permission from their immediate supervisor.
15.9.5 Appropriate fall protection systems must be utilized if work
takes place within 2 meters of a leading edge, unprotected
skylight or other openings. A guardrail system, safety net
system, or personal fall arrest system are appropriate fall
protection systems to be used.

15.9.6 Rooftop hazards such as load bearing considerations and
machine guarding issues should be considered prior to roof
access.
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15.10 Risk of falling from brittle or fragile roofing
15.10.1 Old roofing, including roofing of cellulose, cement roof
sheets, glass, fiberglass, acrylic, other synthetic or
manufactured material and corroded sheet metal roofing
may endanger person standing on them
15.10.2 When working on such area or surface
15.10.2.1 Ensure that the person is aware of such
environment
15.10.2.2 Ensure safe access to and from site
15.10.2.3 A safe working platform is provided to enable
works
15.10.2.4 the use of fall prevention system
15.10.2.5 adequate warning signs are placed prominently
15.10.2.6 barricade work area as well as areas below
15.10.2.7 a stand-by person maintains visual contact with
those performing the works in the event of
emergency
15.11 Risk of falling from using industrial abseiling system
15.11.1 all users must received training and competent in the use
of this system
15.11.2 users must be supervised at all times

15.11.3 systems should be used only if immediate assistance and
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rescue is attainable
15.11.4 all equipments /materials used must be inspected by a
competent person
15.11.5 all anchorage points must be inspected by a competent
person before attaching the ropes
15.11.6 there must be a back-up or redundant system as added
protection for user
15.11.7 there must be at least two sets of ropes per user
15.11.8 other appropriate PPE’s must be provided and used by
user
15.12 Tree climbing
15.12.1 When climbing trees, the necessary safety equipments
such as the followings should be used.
15.12.2 appropriate climbing ropes
15.12.3 appropriate safety harness
15.12.4 eye / ear protection
15.12.5 safety shoes
15.12.6 safety helmet
15.12.7 if carrying other equipments, the appropriate straps
15.12.8 Please see Appendix H

15.13 Using lifting/hoisting machineries (Mobile Cranes, Derrick Cranes,
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Passengers/Goods Hoist, Gondola etc)
15.13.1 UTAR employees are prohibited from using any form of
such machineries
15.13.2 All overhead lifting/hoisting equipment must be
equipped with a manufacturer’s name plate and capacity
specification.
15.13.3 Operation / Person erecting must be registered with
DOSH
15.13.4 Minimum Operator Qualifications - Only qualified non-employees
will operate the machinery. Operators shall
provide proof of certification or licensing to operate the
specific type of equipment which he/she will operate.
Proper separation distances shall be maintained by the
operator at all times.
15.13.5 Type use must be suitable for intended work / job
15.13.6 Non-employees are responsible for the proper operating
condition and capacity of the machinery.
15.13.7 Motorized crane engines must be stopped before
refueling. A fire extinguisher must be present during
refueling and must be immediately accessible.
15.13.8 Attention must be given to the slewing radius and ensure
non-hazardous to power lines, nearby structures and
general public
15.13.9 Worksite to be cordoned off or enclosed
15.13.10 During Operations, to ensure

15.13.10.1 all safety devices to be checked and tested,
ensuring good working condition prior to
operations
15.13.10.2 operator must have full visibility, supported by
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trained signalman
15.13.10.3 support only from trained and knowledgeable
slinger and rigger
15.13.10.4 adequate lighting and warning signs
15.13.10.5 no overloading
15.13.10.6 no overhead movement (over people, traffic etc)
15.13.10.7 work is contained only within demarcated or
cordoned area
15.13.10.8 to observe all pertinent, relevant rules,
regulations, standards, codes relating to
proximity of power lines
15.13.10.9 loads must never be left suspended without
control
15.13.10.10 operations should cease during inclement or
adverse weather
15.13.10.11 for mobile cranes, outriggers are fully extended
with pins inserted
15.13.10.12 cranes must be level
15.13.10.13 any packing used to be sufficient, free from
defects, ample strength and safe to transmit
load to ground

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15.14 Excavations
15.14.1 Non-employee must notify the Project Manager / Person
in Charge prior to any excavating.
15.14.2 The Project Manager / Person in Charge will be involved
in determining overhead and known underground
utilities.
15.14.3 Non-employee’s material for bracing and shoring must
be in good condition and of proper dimensions.
15.14.4 Excavations are to be reviewed each day by a competent
non-employee individual before entering and after a
heavy rain.
15.14.5 Non-employee must assess soil conditions to determine
type of bracing or sloping required for the excavation
and where there are challenges to stability of structure(s)
adjoining or over the site, such must be supported
(Please refer to Reg. 112 of Building Operations & Works
of Engineering Construction (Safety) Regulations 1986
15.14.6 Excavated material must be piled at least six (6) meters
or of a safe distance from the edge of the excavation, to
be determined by the followings:
15.14.6.1 depth
15.14.6.2 slope
15.14.6.3 soil type / condition
15.14.7 Non-employees to provide and ensure guard rails,
barricades and temporary foot walks (where applicable
/necessary) around excavation areas to protect people
from falling into the trench before digging begins
(lighted barricades must be provided at night).

15.14.8 De watering and de silting facilities to be provided to
Page 27 of 43
prevent flooding
15.15 Holes, Floor Openings, Open Sides Hatchways
15.15.1 Floor openings and elevated platforms shall be guarded
by standard railing and toe-board or cover.
15.15.2 Temporary floor openings must have standard railings.
15.15.3 All holes through floors, decking, walls less than 1 meter
above the floor or other openings shall be guarded by
either a standard railing with standard toe-board on all
exposed sides, or a standard floor-hole cover. They must
be placed immediately after completion of the
penetration and maintained until filled in or provided
with an access control device to prevent their
displacement. Non-employees is responsible for
providing covers of such structural dimension as to
prevent their failure upon normal and routine use.
15.15.4 The use of polystyrene or other materials as temporary
cover for holes / openings other than the approved
design must be seriously considered in terms of adequate
strength and impact with other elements during use such
as water, petrol, solvents etc.
15.15.5 Ample and suitable warning signs must be placed
conspicuously.
15.16 Housekeeping (General)
15.16.1 All materials used or to be used for the job / work are to
be stored in an orderly manner.
15.16.2 Keep all access ways unobstructed and free of any liquid
spillages to prevent any slippery surface
15.16.3 Remove all scrap and trash from the job site daily.

15.16.4 Scrap, trash, and other wastes shall be placed in
designated containers authorized by the Project Manager
/ Person in Charge
15.16.5 Metal containers with covers must be provided for
disposal of oily and flammable/combustible soaked rags.
15.16.6 Gang boxes are to be removed immediately from
mechanical workspaces upon completion of projects.
Page 28 of 43
15.17 Barricades
15.17.1 Barricades are required around all construction sites and
all excavations, holes, or openings in floors or roofs,
elevated platforms, certain types of overhead work,
restricted access areas and wherever otherwise necessary
to warn people against the potential for falling in,
through, or off. Barricades must be suitable for the
area of use.
15.17.2 Prior to erecting any barricades, the contractor shall
submit to the Project Manager/ Person in Charge a site
safety plan addressing Interim Safety Measures.
15.17.3 When operating machineries or conducting overhead
work within a barricaded pedestrian walk way, a
flagman will be present, to ground guide the equipment
and to warn pedestrians of works.
15.17.4 Barricades shall be removed promptly when no longer
needed.
15.18 Signs / Lightings
15.19 Fully informative and legible signs appropriate to site hazards
created during the work shall be placed on barricade stands, posts,
or other suitable stanchions before work starts, and be removed
promptly upon completion of work.

Page 29 of 43
15.20 These signages are to be obeyed by all
15.21 Ample lightings (including warning lights) must be placed at all
hazardous locations so as to alert pedestrian / traffic of the
impending hazard.
16.0 Non-employees
16.1 Non-employees carrying out works within UTAR premise shall
attend UTAR’s Safety Orientation Briefing administered by DSS.
16.2 This briefing shall be completed prior to mobilization for the
commencement of work
16.3 Non-employees must also acknowledge the SAFETY
DECLARATION STATEMENT prior to commencement of work
(Please refer to Appendix I)
16.4 Those who fail to follow UTAR’s work guidelines may be
prohibited from working on the site and/or the contract with UTAR
could be cancelled. Working safely is a condition of their contract
with UTAR
16.5 Non-employees working within UTAR’s premises have the
primary responsibility for on-site safety for all persons performing
work under its control.
16.6 In addition to the all applicable regulations, non-employees shall
use “good judgment” consistent with that non-employees
particular trade in cases where there is no precedent case or
guidelines/regulations/law.
16.7 Non-employees shall cooperate in any inspections conducted by
UTAR or government agencies. Copies of all DOSH/NIOSH and
other government agencies citation notices shall be submitted to
UTAR immediately upon non-employee’s receipt.

16.8 Non-employees shall ensure that all personnel are properly trained
and instructed for all jobs which require specific training and/or
competency to meet all applicable regulations, and UTAR
guidelines/requirements.
16.9 Although non-employees is and shall remain independent of
UTAR, in the performance of all work under the contract, non-employee
shall also observe UTAR’s Safety
guidelines/requirements in order to achieve the results called for
without subjecting person or property to unnecessary risk.
16.10 Non-employee shall fully comply with OSHA, any other relevant
laws, ordinances, regulations (including UTAR’s guidelines,
policies etc) and shall notify its employees, its subcontractors and
employees of its subcontractors of the contents of these regulations.
No one shall begin work inside UTAR’s property until such
notification has been given to each person.
16.11 Nothing contained in this guideline or in instructions furnished by
UTAR shall be interpreted to enlarge the legal duty of UTAR to the
non-employee, its agents, or subcontractors or its employees.
16.12 Willful or negligent violation of these guidelines may result in the
non-employee being prohibited from working at the UTAR site or
possibly the cancellation of contract with UTAR.
16.13 Non-employees shall conduct and maintain an educational
program to assure the inclusion of and adherence to proper safety
instructions as a part of employee job assignments. Training
records shall be made available to UTAR upon request.
16.13.1 As a condition of performing work at UTAR, non-employees
agrees that all work is to be done in
accordance with all applicable laws ,rules and
regulations covering such work; among others, non-employees
shall observe and comply with all
environmental, safety and health standards set forth
under all applicable regulations and standards.
Page 30 of 43

Page 31 of 43
16.14 Equipment
16.14.1 Non-employee is responsible for determining and
providing the proper protective clothing / equipment to
carry out the job. In addition, all necessary tools
and equipment, including personal protective
equipment, shall be provided by the non-employee and
shall be properly maintained and appropriate for the safe
accomplishment of the particular task.
16.14.2 All such equipment shall be used only by non-employees
who have been properly trained and are
otherwise qualified to safely use the tools and
equipment.
16.14.3 UTAR retains the right to refuse or restrict the use of
tools, equipment or chemicals on its site.
16.14.4 UTAR will not loan tool(s) or equipment(s) to the non-employee.
16.14.5 Non-employees shall not loan any tools, equipment or
personal protective equipment to any UTAR personnel.
16.15 Permits
16.15.1 Written, properly authorized, current permits are
required from DSS BEFORE proceeding with the
specified types of work at UTAR. To prevent
unnecessary delay, early consultation with UTAR Project
Manager / Person In Charge and DSS regarding required
permits is recommended. Permits must be obtained and
posted at the worksite, and the instructions must be
followed to the letter of the permit. Failure to do so can
result in termination of the contract.
16.15.2 Examples of work requiring permits are Hot Work,
Utility Shut Down, Fire Systems Shut Down certain civil
and structural work

Page 32 of 43
17.0 Safety Violations
17.1 Violations of campus / site safety guidelines / rules can jeopardize
the welfare of everyone. Violations of safety guidelines, rules and
procedures, either regulatory or site-specific UTAR policies and/or
operating procedures, or recognized industrial safety practices,
may result in disciplinary action (employees) and expulsion (non-employees)
from UTAR.
17.2 Continued violations, or a single significant event (evidence,
incident or violation) that is determined by UTAR to pose an
unacceptable risk due to a willful act on the part of the non-employees
may result in termination of the contract.
17.3 UTAR Project Managers / Person in Charge, or DSS representatives
have the right to observe and stop work until any identified safety
violations are corrected.
17.4 Employees and non-employees have the responsibility to comply
with the UTAR directives / guidelines. Failure to comply with the
recommendations and depending on the circumstances and the
degree of risk associated with an initial infraction, could result in
the followings:
17.5 A verbal warning may be given directly to the employee or non-employee
and the supervisory personnel of that affected
individual.
17.6 The non-employee may be excluded from further participation in
the contracted scope of work
17.7 Employee and supervisor may be disciplinarily dealt with via
UTAR’s disciplinary process.
17.8 Non-employee involved will be forever barred from participating
in any contracted work on the site.

17.9 The removal procedure may be accelerated and/or expanded to
include removal of non-employees entire workforce where safety
violations are widespread or repetitive.
17.10 Non-employees who are uncooperative or that have an
unsatisfactory safety evaluation can be removed from tender lists
for a period designated by UTAR
Page 33 of 43
18.0 Incident Reporting (Incident/Accident)
18.1 In the event of an incident or a lost time injury to an individual on
or near the work site, for non-employee, they shall notify the
Project Manager / UTAR Person in Charge whilst for employees,
their immediate supervisor, as soon as possible (within 24 hours of
the event).
18.2 The following shall be recorded
18.2.1 location of incident / accident
18.2.2 circumstances surrounding the event, (includes the use of
photography)
18.2.3 gather / obtain witness(es) statement
18.2.4 other documents related to the event
18.2.5 for employees, DSS will proceed with investigation while
non-employees will conduct their own investigation.
18.2.6 Non-employees shall submit their investigation report to the
Project Manager / Person in Charge who will submit same to
DSS.
18.2.7 All investigation report must be submitted to DSS no later
than forty eight (48) hours after the incident / accident.

18.2.8 In the event of an incident or a lost time injury to a non-employee
on or near the work site, non-employee shall
notify UTAR Project Person in Charge as soon as possible
(within 24 hours) of the event.
18.2.9 In the event of a catastrophic incident (one fatality or three
workers hospitalized), the scene of the incident shall be
barricaded and left intact until all investigations are
completed.
Page 34 of 43
19.0 Personal Protection Equipment
19.1 Non-employees and employees recognizes and appreciates that it is
responsible for supplying all necessary and required PPEs for its
personnel including ensuring the wear and use of the PPEs at all
times
19.2 Non-employees and employee must determine minimum PPE
requirements for the job / site before beginning the work. Non-employees,
due to the nature of the job may be required to wear
additional PPE or use additional safety devices to accomplish their
work. Non-employees and employees are responsible for selecting
and maintaining required PPE and devices as well as ensuring their
qualification to use.

DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY AND HEALTH
LADDER INSPECTION CHECKLIST
Page 35 of 43
Date of Inspection: Ladder ID :
DD/MM/YY Asset No
Description of ladder :
Please provide additional details to ensure accurate identification
Material of Ladder : Aluminum / Fiberglass / Wood / Others
Please strike out whichever is not applicable
Type of Ladder : Straight / Extension / Stepladder
Please strike out whichever is not applicable
KEY
S = Serviceable , where condition is acceptable for use N.A. = Not applicable
NS = Not serviceable, where condition is unacceptable for use
Please tick in appropriate column
GENERAL S NS N.A.
Is the chosen ladder suitable for the work intended?
Is the ladder free from oil, grease or anything slippery?
Is the ladder free from corrosion/decay?
Are there any sharp edges/protrusions?
Are the stiles/frame/upright free from distortion/cracks/split/decay?
Are all the rungs/steps in place and secure?
Are all the rungs/steps free from cracks/decay/corrosion?
Are all screws/nails/rivets/fasteners secure? (Not loose)
Are all braces/brackets secure?
Are spreaders free from distortion and in working condition?
Are all designed/manufactured moveable parts operate freely?
Are the end caps and foot anti-slip present, secure and good
working condition?
Is the ladder stable when positioned flat on the ground?
Is/Are the extension lock(s) in good working condition?
Is the rope in good working condition, not frayed or worn out?
Additional Information
The ladder is serviceable for use YES NO
IF NO, LADDER TO BE REPAIRED / DISPOSED
Appendix A
Name of Person Inspecting Date / Time Signature

Appendix B
Page 36 of 43
CHECK LADDER BEFORE USE
Visually inspect ladder for damaged/ cracked side rails or
rungs/steps

Appendix C
Page 37 of 43
USING A LADDER
THE THREE (3) POINT CONTACT
two (2) hands and one leg
Or
two (2) legs and fall prevention system
Note: Tools and materials should not be carried by hand

Appendix D
Page 38 of 43
LADDER PLACEMENTS
4 meters
Drawing A Drawing B
1 meter
The ratio for placing base of ladder to support structure is one (1) meter away
from support structure to every four (4) meters in height.
Any farther (as per Drawing B) can cause slippage and creates instability.

Appendix E
Page 39 of 43
STEP LADDER
top cap (no stepping)
back leg
rear horizontal brace
tread / steps
Front tread brace
spreader
brace
feet

Appendix F
Page 40 of 43
USING THE STEP LADDER
Spreaders locked
Level at all four feets
NEVER STAND ON THE TOP OF THE LADDER
OR
THE FIRST STEP BELOW THE TOP

Appendix G
Page 41 of 43
Straight / Single / Extension Ladders
end cap
Rung
or
steps
latching
device
hauling
rope
foot

Appendix H
Page 42 of 43
TREE CLIMBING
FOR PRUNING OF TRESS
Individual fall prevention system is used

Appendix I
NON-EMPLOYEE WORKING WITHIN UTAR’S PREMISE(S)
Page 43 of 43
SAFETY DECLARATION
I, ……………………………………………………………………………………….…,
(Full Name)
IC / Passport No: …………………………………………………. an employee of
………..…………………………………………………………………………………...
(Name of Organization)
and so authorized to act on behalf of my employer, having been assigned by
to undertake activity, event or works in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman’s
(UTAR) premise/building/facility/etc, hereby acknowledges that I have read and
fully understand UTAR’s safety guidelines and agree to strictly adhere to them
and to any and all relevant/applicable rules, regulations, codes, ordinances,
standards and laws in relations of my/our work within UTAR’s premise(s).
Should I or any of my employees, (including sub-contractor) breach any of the
guidelines or conditions, I/We are fully aware that UTAR, through its
representatives, can recommend/impose, part or all of the enforcement measures,
including but not limited to issuing a STOP WORK order, monetary penalty,
seek compensation, and/or cancellation of contract without any refunds of any
form of payment already made. I/We are also aware that should such
enforcement measures be invoked, UTAR reserves its rights to take any and all
necessary action against delays, losses and additional costs incurred arisen from
my/our non-compliance.
I /We also indemnify UTAR against any damage, loss, claims (including from
third party(ies)) that may arise from my/our work, operations, negligence, action
or non-action.
Acknowledged herewith Witnessed by
……………………………… ……………………………………
Name Project Manager /Person in Charge
Date Date

Guidelines Prevention of Falls

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