Information about refrigerants. Its very important to know about refrigerants as we stay with them all the time. Some of the refrigerants can be harmful to environment.

1. R
E
F
R
I
G
E
R
A
N
T
S

2. Friends

3. Friends

4. SO2 Journey of time
NH3
CH3Cl
CFCs
HCFCs
HFCs
HCs
Air
Water
CO2
NGR
NGR
1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2010

5. Myth: Refrigerant is always a gas
Refrigerants change their phase depending on the pressure and temperature in which they
operate.
Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide.
Dry ice also has the very nice feature of sublimation -- as it breaks down, it turns directly into carbon
dioxide gas rather than a liquid.
The super-cold temperature and the sublimation feature make dry ice great for refrigeration.
Fact: Refrigerant can exist in liquid and solid als0

6. Myth: Refrigerants are always synthetic compounds
C
F
HC F C
F
C
Fact: Refrigerants can be organic, inorganic natural

7. Efforts

8. Efforts

9. Myth: Only CFCs, HCFCs have refrigerant numbers as R-xxxx
Numbering system begins from right Example .HCFC 22
First digit on the right = Number of fluorine atoms Number of F atoms =2
Second digit from the right = Number of hydrogen atoms plus one Number of H atoms + 1 =2
Third digit from the right = Number of carbon atoms minus one Number of C atoms – 1 =0
(not used when equal to zero)
Zeotrope Mixture series starts with 4, example R410A, etc
Azeotrope Mixture series starts with 5, example R502, etc
Inorganic compounds
Inorganic compounds shall be assigned a number in the 700 series, identification numbers are formed by
adding the relative molecular mass of components to 700.
Examples: R717 = ammonia (molecular mass 17), R718 = water (molecular mass 18)
R744 = CO2 (molecular mass 44)
Fact: All refrigerants are has refrigerant number

10. Myth: All Refrigerants damage ozone layer
Ozone
Refrigerant depleting
compounds Potential
containing (ODP) is a
chlorine factor
element will indicating a
harm Ozone substance’s
layer relative
ozone
damaging
power
Fact: Only CFCs, HCFCs do harm ozone layer.

11. Myth: All Refrigerants damage ozone layer
Ozone
Refrigerant depleting
compounds Potential
containing (ODP) is a
chlorine factor
element will indicating a
harm Ozone substance’s
layer relative
ozone
damaging
power
ODP value of H Cl HFCs
CFC-11 is 1.It Chlorine O
C F monoxide Cl Chlorine Hydro
is the
Radical carbons
reference. F Cl
For ex. a CO2,
substance O O
Cl O
Ammonia,
with 2 ODP is H
twice C Chlorine Ozone (O3)
Air, water,
F Radical Oxygen
harmful of O etc have
O molecule
CFC11 CHF2 (O2) zero ODP
Fact: Only CFCs, HCFCs do harm ozone layer.

12. Efforts

13. Efforts

14. Myth: Refrigerants are used only for cooling
Heat Pumps
are used for
heating water and
air in cold climates
for comfort air
conditioning. Heat
pumps are also
becoming popular
for water heating
applications for
sanitary and
kitchen purposes
Fact: Heating with refrigeration cycle is one of the energy efficient ways of heating

15. Myth: Refrigerants information is required only for some technical people
Fact: Awareness of refrigerants is very important as we live with them

16. Myth: Refrigerants information is required only for some technical people
Refrigerants are no more just a Engineer’s subject, it is in everybody’s interest these days
Fact: Awareness of refrigerants is very important as we live with them

17. Myth: Refrigerants information is required only for some technical people
Refrigerants are no more just a Engineer’s subject, it is in everybody’s interest these days
Fact: Awareness of refrigerants is very important as we live with them

18. Myth: Air is not used as refrigerant
Air is used as working fluid in
aircraft air-conditioning
systems.
Air is taken from outside and
made to follow the refrigeration
cycle
Fact: Air is used as working refrigerant in aircraft systems

19. Myth: Air is not used as refrigerant
Air as refrigerant is becoming
popular among natural refrigerants
for refrigeration applications due to
its zero ODP and zero GWP
Fact: Air is used as working refrigerant in aircraft systems

20. Myth: All Refrigerants contribute to higher global warming effect
Global Warming
Potential (GWP) is
relative power of a
given pollutant to
cause global warming
over a given time
scale, factoring its
ability to trap the
sun’s heat and its
atmospheric life time.
GWP is measured
relative to carbon di
oxide which is given
GWP of 1
Fact: Refrigerants with zero, close to zero GWP are also available

21. Myth: Refrigerant mixtures can not be used
Below refrigerant mixtures are
popular in AC & R applications.
R410A =R125+R32
R407C=R32+R125+R134a
R404A=R125+R143a+R134a
R507=R125+R143a
It is important to check the
temperature glide
Temperature glide is
difference in phase change
temperatures of individual
members
Fact: Refrigerant mixtures are being used currently

22. Myth: All Refrigerants are covered under some legislation
Global Warming Potential (GWP)100a
20.000
4.000
R404A
R410A
2.000 R407C
R134a R22
Fact: Applicability of legislation depends on your location and country programme

23. Myth: All Refrigerants are covered under some legislation
Global Warming Potential (GWP)100a
20.000
4.000
R404A
R410A
2.000 R407C
R134a R22
Montreal
protocol
Fact: Applicability of legislation depends on your location and country programme

24. Myth: All Refrigerants are covered under some legislation
Global Warming Potential (GWP)100a
20.000
protocol
Kyoto
4.000
R404A
R410A
2.000 R407C
R134a R22
Montreal
protocol
Fact: Applicability of legislation depends on your location and country programme

25. Myth: All Refrigerants are covered under some legislation
Global Warming Potential (GWP)100a
20.000
protocol
Kyoto
4.000
R404A
R410A
2.000 R407C
F-Gas
R134a R22
Montreal
protocol
Fact: Applicability of legislation depends on your location and country programme

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Disclaimer
The information provided in this file is based on my experience in the air conditioning and refrigeration Industry. Source of information is
internet