5. Growth of Mobile Ecosystem
1.1.3 The Age of Application Stores
7
Apple AppStore
Jan-13
Aug-12
Mar-12
Oct-11
May-11
Dec-10
Jul-10
Feb-10
Sep-09
Apr-09
Nov-08
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
Jun-08
Available Applications
Google Play Market
Figure 1.3: Number of applications available per application stores between June 2008 to
June 2013.14
- Number of available mobile apps is increasing
providers to of app and distribute their applications [7], and for rapidly
is growing
- Numberdevelop, marketdownloads applications since the end-users
such platforms provide a convenient way to access
end-users
do not time spent with
any technical details [124]. While increases
customization
- Dailyhave to handleand audio profilesapps also the feature of first of a
phone’s look and feel
was a very important
mobile phones [109], being able to also customize phone’s functionality in terms of
10. Data from Deployment
- 4,125 users (from various countries)
- 22,626 apps (from 20 categories)
- 4.92 million data points (launches)
- 127 days (approx. 4 month of data)
11. 200,000
175,000
150,000
125,000
100,000
75,000
50,000
25,000
12 am
1 am
2 am
3 am
4 am
5 am
6 am
7 am
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
8 pm
9 pm
10 pm
11 pm
Application launches
During Course of a Day
- App usage correlates with circadian circle
- Type of apps used changes during the day
15. Support for App Launching
- Adaptive launcher menu
-
Support visual search for apps
Presenting 5 icons for next app
- Implements different models
-
Most frequently used apps
Most recently used apps
Sequentially used apps
Locally most used apps
Context-aware prediction model
- Android app AppKicker
20. template matching
1
Screenshot Study
2
„most-used items should
be on the first page,
otherwise I try to group
items (e.g., news outlets
together)“
„most used apps first
page, groups of apps 2nd
space, then games“
...
grounded theory
majority rule
Quantitative data, e.g.
- number of apps
- number of folders
- number of icons on page
- x/y position of icons
-
132 participants
1,486 screenshots
Qualitative data
- participants‘ experience levels
- concepts of icon arrangement
- participants labeled with
concepts
21. 5 Concepts for Arranging Icons
4.3.2 Results of Scree
l l
l l
llll ll
llll
lll
Usage-based icon arrangement
=? Relatedness-based icon arrangement
Usability-based icon arrangement
ABC
123
...
(a) Usage-based
Figure 4.5: Example sc
their icons: (a) one part
Aesthetics-based icon arrangement
on the first screen”; (b
[applications] by what
would “keep third row a
has created a checkerbo
External concepts for icon arrangement
alternates between blue
22. 5 Concepts for Arranging Icons
4.3.2 Results of Screenshot Study
l l
l l
llll ll
llll
lll
Usage-based icon arrangement
=? Relatedness-based icon arrangement
Usability-based icon arrangement
(a) Usage-based
Aesthetics-based icon arrangement
ABC
123
...
External concepts for
(b) Relatedness-based
Figure 4.5: Example screenshots of participa
their icons: (a) one participant who reports to
on the first screen”; (b) a user with five fol
icon arrangement they do or what I us
[applications] by what
would “keep third row available for easy swip
has created a checkerboard pattern: “most ico
23. 5 Concepts for Arranging Icons
l l
l l
llll ll
llll
lll
4.3.2 Results of Screenshot Study
Usage-based icon arrangement
=? Relatedness-based icon arrangement
Usability-based icon arrangement
Aesthetics-based icon arrangement
(a) Usage-based
ABC
123
...
External
(b) Relatedness-based
(c) Usability-based
Figure 4.5: Example screenshots of participants who used certain c
concepts for icon arrangement “put the most freque
their icons: (a) one participant who reports to
on the first screen”; (b) a user with five folders on his first page
[applications] by what they do or what I use them for”; (c) a pa
24. 5 Concepts for Arranging Icons
l l
l l
llll ll
Usage-based icon arrangement
llll
4.3.2 Results of Screenshot Study
lll
117
=? Relatedness-based icon arrangement
Usability-based icon arrangement
Aesthetics-based icon arrangement
(a) Usage-based
(b) Relatedness-based
(c) Usability-based
(d) Aesthetic-based
ABC
123 External concepts for icon arrangement
Figure 4.5: Example screenshots of participants who used certain concepts for arranging
...
their icons: (a) one participant who reports to “put the most frequently used applications
on the first screen”; (b) a user with five folders on his first page who tries “to group
25. Occurrences of Concepts
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1) usage-based
62 %
28 %
6 %
2 %
4 %
(2) relatedness-based
28 %
60 %
6 %
3 %
3 %
(3) usability based
6 %
6 %
9 %
2 %
0 %
(4) aesthetic-based
2 %
3 %
2 %
5 %
0 %
(5) external concepts
4 %
3 %
0 %
0 %
9 %
% of participants using concepts
(1)
- Usage-based and relatedness-based most popular
- People also apply hybrid concepts
- Concept impacts icon layout
-
More apps on first page if usage-based
More folders on first page if relatedness-based
26. Grouping of Apps into Folders
People cluster similar apps
-
Apps for sending text messages
Dictionaries
Music
Games
People cluster follow-up apps
-
Camera apps w/ photo editing apps
Shopping apps w/ payment apps
28. Detecting Interruptions
- Study based on data set of mobile app usage
- Mining for interruptions within data set
-
Another application (self interruption)
Incoming phone call (external interruption)
...
time
time
app use
...
!
!
...
!
app use
interruption
app use cont‘d
...
!
app use
- Duration of overhead
app use
overhead
app use cont‘d
time
41
29. Findings
phone call
Daily interruptions (% usage)
app switch
3.2 (2.2)
8.3 (5.3)
Regular app runtime (s) 24.8 (31.8)
per user
18.9 (24.4)
per app
Overhead duration (s) 43.2 (65.9)
34.4 (40.7)
mean (SD)
- Interruptions do not happen as often as expected
-
8% of app use is interrupted by app switching
3% of app use is interrupted by phone calls
- If interruptions happen, overhead may be
exceedingly high
30. No Evolution of Phone UIs
- When phones became computers the design of
phone UI did not change accordingly
- Still only accept and decline button
- Call application has superior status
31. e calls can interrupt concurrent application use
esign of call applications to allow for higher degree of multitasking
ME
esign
Re-Design of Phone UIs
CALLER NAME
CALLER NAME
b) Postponing calls
c) Multiplexing
d) Background notification
- Extending the design space for phone call UIs
Phone Call Applications
- New interaction design for phone call handling
- Support for better multitasking with call notifications
Full-screen modal dialogs providing only options to accept or decline call
s: Additional third option besides accept/decline to allow user to return to previous application
lows user to keep attention in previous application while call is pending
tifications: Puts incoming call into background for user to pickup call at will
pp completion: Wait until task is done and display call when user leaves previous app
Interruptions do not happen as often as expected!
32. User using Maps app when call comes in
Novel Phone Call Design
- Application CallHeads
- Extension of standard call app
- Available on Google Play store
- 45k users worldwide
- Very positive feedback
- People do passive decline
33. Starting Points
- Funf
- Context logging framework
- Easy to use with support for dropbox
- http://www.funf.org
!
- AWARE Framework
- Standalone app and library
- Open architecture, awesome team, good support!
- http://www.awareframework.com
!
- AppSensor (our project)
- Focus on tracing mobile app usage
- Basic code for building your own app
- https://github.com/matboehmer/appsensor
34. Conclusion
- Insights from app usage sequences
- Supporting people for finding icons
Launching
- Five concepts for arranging icons
- Where do users place your app icon?
Housekeeping
- Attention to apps is highly fragmented
- We propose novel phone call design
Multitasking
35. Helping with App Addictions
- App addictions
-
App use can become problematic
Habit forming: “Checking habit”
- Android app AppDetox
- People can set rules for app usage
- App launches will be prohibited
according to rules
36. Thank you!
Dr. Matthias Böhmer
matthias.boehmer@dfki.de
http://matthiasboehmer.de
!
Deutsches Forschungszentrum
für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH
http://dfki.de
37. Additional material
- Böhmer, Krüger: A study on icon arrangement by smartphone users. In Proc. of CHI 2013
- Böhmer, Hecht, Schöning, Krüger, Bauer: Falling asleep with Angry Birds, Facebook and
Kindle: a large scale study on mobile application usage. In Proc. of MobileHCI 2011
- Böhmer, Ganev, Krüger: AppFunnel: A framework for usage-centric evaluation of recommender
systems that suggest mobile applications. In Proc. of IUI 2013
- Parate, Böhmer, Chu, Ganesan, Marlin: Practical prediction, prefetch, and prelaunch for faster
access to applications on mobile phones. In Proc. of UbiComp 2013
- Böhmer, Bauer: Exploiting the icon arrangement on mobile devices as information source for
context-awareness. In Proc. of MobileHCI 2010
- Leiva, Böhmer, Gehring, Krüger: Back to the app: the costs of mobile application interruptions.
In Proc. of MobileHCI 2012
- Böhmer, Bauer: Improving the recommendation of mobile services by interpreting the user’s
icon arrangement. In Proc. of MobileHCI 2009
- Böhmer, Prinz, Bauer: Contextualizing Mobile Applications for Context-aware
Recommendation. In Adjunct Proceedings of Pervasive 2010
- Böhmer, Gehring, Hempel, Krüger: Revisiting Phone Call UIs for Multipurpose Mobile Phones.
In Proc. of MobileHCI 2013
- Böhmer, Lander, Krüger. What’s in the apps for context? Extending a sensor for studying app
usage to informing context-awareness. In Proc. of UbiMI 2013
- Löchtefeld, Böhmer, Ganev: AppDetox: Helping Users with Mobile App Addiction. In Proc. of
MUM 2013.
-
!
Papers available on website: http://matthiasboehmer.de
Data partly available on website: http://matthiasboehmer.de/data/
38. Credits and icons
- Rocket designed by Cris Dobbins from The Noun Project
- Broom designed by Nick Green from The Noun Project
- Lightning Bolt designed by daisy binks from The Noun Project
- Magnifying Glass designed by Nadir Balcikli from The Noun Project
- Clock designed by Nick Green from The Noun Project
- Location designed by Ricardo Moreira from The Noun Project
- Eye designed by Sergi Delgado from The Noun Project
