18th International Metallurgy & Materials Congress was held in the TUYAP Fair, Convention and Congress Center-Beylikdüzü / ISTANBUL between 29 September - 01 October 2016 together with the 18th International Metallurgical and Materials Conference organized by UCTEA the Chamber of Metallurgical and Materials Engineers, is the most comprehensive international event held in Turkey for 45 years which embraces all sectors in this area.Great honour to speak about Critical Raw Materials for Europe and Turkeys role in that. My thanks to the organising committee for the invitation.

1. Securing
Cri+cal
Raw
Materials
for
Europe
ICCM,
Istanbul
29.9
–
1.10.2016
by
Dr.
Ing.
Mar8n
Tauber
President
CRM
Alliance

2. Raw
Materials
are
essen8al
“Of
the
83
elements
in
the
periodic
table,
a
total
of
62
different
types
of
metals
go
into
the
average
mobile
handset.”

3. What
are
cri8cal
raw
materials?
EU
cri8cal
raw
materials
are
those
raw
materials,
which
are
economically
and
strategically
important
for
the
European
economy
but
have
a
higher
risk
of
supply
interrup8on.
Candidate
(inves8gated)
materials
These
materials
represent
a
diverse
group,
including
materials
that
are
mined
or
cul8vated
as
well
as
some
refined
materials
that
are
considered
highly
important
to
downstream
sectors.
Conflict
Minerals
EU
poli8cal
aims
for
EU
companies
to
source
8n,
tantalum,
tungsten
and
gold
responsibly.
These
minerals
are
typically
used
in
everyday
products
such
as
mobile
phones,
cars
and
jewellery.

4. EU
Defini8on
of
Cri8cal
Raw
Materials
Cri+cal
Raw
Materials
are
these
raw
materials,
which
• Are
economically
and
strategically
important
for
European
economy,
• but
have
a
higher
risk
of
supply
interrup8on.
• Are
immediately
important
to
Europe’s
economy,
• and
essen8al
to
drive
future
innova8ons
in
maintaining
Europe’s
technological
leadership
in
a
highly
compe88ve
world
economy.

5. What
are
cri8cal
raw
materials?
The
(20)
2014
EU
listed
CRMs
out
of
(89)
different
substances
(inves8gated)

6. What
are
conflict
minerals?
The
(4)
conflict
minerals;
Tungsten
also
being
a
CRM

7. EU
Cri8cal
Raw
Material
Policy
Report
on
Cri+cal
Raw
Materials
for
the
EU
(2014)
• Raw
materials
are
fundamental
to
Europe’s
economy,
growth
and
jobs
and
they
are
essen8al
for
maintaining
and
improving
our
quality
of
life.
• Securing
reliable,
sustainable
and
undistorted
access
of
certain
raw
materials
is
of
growing
concern
within
the
EU
and
across
the
globe.
• These
CRMs
have
a
high
economic
importance
to
the
EU
combined
with
a
high
risk
associated
with
their
supply.

8. The
EU
Commission
CRM
list
2014
“The
lis8ng
of
CRMs
is
also
meant
to
encourage
poli8cal
ac8on
to
help
secure
reliable
and
unhindered
access
to
them.”
Supply
risk
Economic
importance

9. Example:
Magnesium
Metal
dilemma
Resigna8on
Short-­‐term
sufficient
European
primary
produc8on
Informa8on,
Advoca8ng
EU/Non-­‐China
&
Green
China
primary
supply
✪
Magnesium
metal
has
an
EU
import
rate
from
China
of
86%,
and
is
associated
to
important
sectors
such
as
transport
and
consumer
electronics.

10. Dependence
and
concentra8on
of
supply
It
is
also
worth
emphasising
that
all
raw
materials,
even
if
not
classed
as
cri8cal,
are
important
for
the
European
economy
and
that
a
given
raw
material
and
its
availability
to
the
European
economy
should
therefore
not
be
neglected
just
because
it
is
not
classed
as
cri8cal.

11. Example:
Supply
risk
from
Turkey?
The
Supply
Risk
for
EU
is
associated
with
the
concentra8on
of
produc8on
and
in
many
cases
compounded
by
low
subs8tutability
and
low
recycling
rates.

12. The
fundamentals
for
CRM
EU
policy
has
been
a
response
to
high
commodity
prices
and
resource
scarcity.
CRM
Alliance:
“To
ensure
the
con,nued
supply
of
CRM,
a
specific
cri,cal
raw
materials
policy
is
needed
which
underlines
the
importance
and
dependence
of
the
European
economy
on
them.
This
policy
needs
to
be
directed
away
from
subs3tu3on
.”

13. The
forming
of
the
CRM
Alliance
“The
Voice
of
the
Cri3cal
Raw
Materials
Sector”
The
Cri8cal
Raw
Materials
Alliance
(CRM
Alliance)
has
been
created
by
industry
to
advocate
the
importance
of
CRMs
for
the
European
economy
and
to
promote
a
strong
European
CRM
policy.
It
is
the
representa8ve
body
of
primary
producers,
traders
and
associa8ons
of
CRMs.
Through
its
membership,
the
CRM
Alliance
represents
almost
all
of
the
20
listed
cri8cal
raw
materials
and
we
are
steadily
growing.
We
also
oversee
an
MEP
Interest
Group
on
Cri8cal
Raw
Materials
to
connect
industry
with
policy-­‐makers
through
bi-­‐
annual
poli8cal
luncheon
events.

14. The
5
Key
Recommenda8ons
“Look
for
enhanced
supply
&
use
and
not
subs3tu3on
of
CRMs”
§ CRM
policies
should
look
for
enhanced
raw
material
supply
and
use
rather
than
subs8tu8on
of
the
CRMs
§ Industrial
Sector
Policies
should
incorporate
and
highlight
the
economic
and
strategic
importance
of
Cri8cal
Raw
Materials
(CRMs)
and
their
value
to
future
innova8on
§ Waste
legisla8on
should
not
include
disincen8ves
for
usage
of
CRMs
§ Legisla8on
affec8ng
CRMs
should
require
a
special
socio-­‐
economic
analysis
of
poten8ally
harmful
impacts
to
the
supply
of
CRMs
§ Trade
policy
should
incorporate
principles
of
both
free
and
fair
trade
for
CRMs

15. Broad
&
open
member
base
“The
Voice
of
the
Cri3cal
Raw
Materials
Sector”
18
members
300+ Companies
14/20 materials

16. The
framework
for
CRMs
The
EU
EIT
(EU
Ins3tute
of
Innova3on
&
Technology)
and
Horizon
2020
input

17. The
EU
dependency
on
Raw
Materials
§ All
countries
are
dependent
on
raw
materials,
par8cularly
true
for
Europe.
§ About
30
million
jobs
in
the
EU
are
directly
reliant
on
access
to
raw
materials.
§ However,
very
likle
primary
produc8on
occurs
within
Member
States
themselves,
§ The
total
EU28
contribu8on
to
overall
materials
supply
can
be
es8mated
at
around
9%,
Global
supply
of
raw
materials
(54
materials
assessed
in
EU
2014
CRM
list)

18. Example:
Automo8ve
in
EU28
Economic
screening
for
CRM
supply
chain
analysis.
Data
from
2012,
except
sector
values
from
2011

19. Raw
Materials
are
essen8al
“incredible
raw
materials
that
go
into
the
Tesla
Model
S
that
help
to
make
all
of
these
things
possible..”

20. The
use/value/shorlalls
of
the
CRM
list
Assessment
of
the
methodology
on
the
CRM
list,
Background
Report
EU,
2016)
§ Inappropriate
calcula8on
of
the
Economic
Importance
and
the
Supply
Risk
component;
§ Need
for
supply
chain
approach;
§ Lacking
exact
sta8s8cal
data
on
global,
EU
and
na8onal
scale;
§ Need
of
wider
scope
–
more
materials
to
be
screened;
§ Need
of
dynamic
approach
–
different
scenarios
of
general
shortage
of
supply
to
be
taken
into
considera8on;
§ The
subs8tu8on
should
be
considered
more
carefully;

21. Example:
ESAN
Magnesium
§ Serves
the
EU
CRM
policy
to
re-­‐establish
primary
produc8on
in
Europe
§ Enable
full
par8cipa8on
in
H2020
etc.
as
Turkey
is
recognised
as
EU
associated
country
§ Contributes
to
a
less
carbon
emimng
industry
supply
in
Europe
§ Evolvement
of
specific
smelter
know-­‐how
in
Europe
§ Reduces
EU
dependence
on
imported
raw
materials
§ Base
for
greener
procurement
in
European
&
global
supply
networks
§ Using
renewable
energy
on
large
scale
15.000
mt
primary
magnesium
smelter
started-­‐up
in
late
2015

22. The
CRM
Alliance
con8nues…
§ …
to
advocate
on
Cri8cal
Raw
Material
policy
issues
on
behalf
of
its
members
at
both
the
European
and
Interna8onal
level
and
§ …
membership
is
open
for
all
producers,
traders
and
associa8ons
of
CRMs,
as
well
as
for
associate
members
i.e.
downstream
users
and
candidate
CRMs.

23. Links
&
info
• Apple
iphone:
hkp://www.visualcapitalist.com/extraordinary-­‐raw-­‐materials-­‐iphone-­‐6s/
• EU
CRM
list
2014:
hkps://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/raw-­‐materials/specific-­‐interest/cri8cal_en
• CRM
Alliance:
hkp://cri8calrawmaterials.org
• CRM
InnoNet
on
Transport:
hkp://www.cri8calrawmaterials.eu/project-­‐summary/
• Commodity
Special
Feature:
hkps://www.imf.org/external/np/res/commod/pdf/WEOSpecialOCT15.pdf
• Cri8cal
Raw
Material
(CRM)
Alliance
• Rue
de
l’Industrie
4
• B-­‐1000
Brussels
• Tel:
+32
(0)2
213
74
20
• Email:
oh@crmalliance.org
• hkp://cri8calrawmaterials.org