The document discusses the differences between the words "ought", "should", and "had better" when giving advice or making recommendations. "Ought" expresses assumption, expectation, or probability, while "should" expresses obligation or expectation. "Had better" is used to strongly recommend or warn someone of potential negative consequences.

1. Ought to
Use to:
• advise or make recommendations.
• express assumption or expectation as well as strong
probability.
["Ought not" (without "to") is used to advise against doing
something.]
Examples:
• You ought to stop smoking. (recommendation)
• Jim ought to get the promotion. (It is expected
because he deserves it. )
• This stock ought to increase in value. (probability)
• Mark ought not drink so much. (advice against
something-notice there is no "to")

2. Should
use to:
* make recommendations or give advice.
* express obligation as well as expectation.
Examples:
• When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in
Potsdam. (recommendation)
• You should focus more on your family and less on
work. (advice)
• I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM.
(obligation)
• By now, they should already be in Dubai.
(expectation)

3. Had Better
use to:
*make recommendations.
*express desperate hope as well as warn people.
Examples:
• You had better take your umbrella with you
today. (recommendation)
• That bus had better get here soon!
(desperate hope)
• You had better watch the way you talk to me
in the future! (warning)

4. Exercise!!!
Exercise 1 :
1. A: I'm so hot.
B: You _________________ your coat!
a. should take off
b. should to take off
c. should put on
2. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she
_______________ to the doctor.
a. ought to go
b. ought
c. ought go

5. 3. Dave loves chocolate, but he _________________
too much or he will get fat.
a. shouldn't eat
b. should eat
c. should eat not
4. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What
________________ ?
a. I should do
b. had I better do
c. should I do

6. 5. I'm going to visit your country. Where
_______________ if I want to go shopping?
a. ought to I go
b. I should go
c. should I go
6.The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You
_________________ pack too much or you will
have to take it out at the airport!
a. had not better
b. had better not
c. better not

7. 7.It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I
_________________ an umbrella.
a. had better not bring
b. had better to bring
c. had better bring
8.A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my
test is wrong.
B: Really? You ______________ to her after class
today.
a. ought talk
b. ought to talk
c. should to talk