2. 13 Rules of Basketball Written by James Naismith
1.The ball may be thrown in any direction with
one or both hands.
2.The ball may be batted in any direction with
one or both hands, but never with the fist.
3.A player cannot run with the ball. The player
must throw it from the spot on which he catches
it, allowance to be made for a man running at
good speed.
3. 4. The ball must be held by the hands. The
arms or body must not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or
tripping in any way of an opponent. The first
infringement of this rule by any person shall
count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him
until the next goal is made or, if there was
evident intent to injure the person, for the
whole of the game. No substitution shall be
allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist,
violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as
described in Rule 5.
4. 7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall
count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive
means without the opponents in the meantime
making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or
batted from the grounds into the basket and stays
there, providing those defending the goal do no touch
or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and
the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a
goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be
thrown into the field and played by the first person
touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw
it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five
seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the
opponent
5. 10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and
shall note the fouls and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall
have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall
decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to
which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He
shall decide when a goal has been made and keep
account of the goals, with any other duties that
are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves,
with five minutes rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time
shall be declared the winner.
6. Fouls and Violations
Personal Fouls: The rule for a personal foul is a little
ambiguous and it depends on the referee whether he
thinks if the action was serious or not. A personal foul is
said to have been committed when an unfair disadvantage
is caused to an opposition player through unnecessary
physical contact like
Hitting, Pushing, Slapping, Holding and etc.
Technical Fouls: When a player shows dissent towards
a referee or a player, or shows unsportsmanlike conduct
during the course of the game, it is known as a technical
foul. Repeated incidents of technical foul will also result in
the ejection of the player. The number of technical fouls to
be committed by a player before he is ejected also
depends upon the discretion of the referee.
7. Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being
fouled, then he gets two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but
only one free throw if his shot does go in.
⦁ Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while
shooting for a three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is
fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is
awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.
⦁ Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the
team the foul was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest
side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball
onto the court.
⦁ One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more
fouls in the game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one
free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another
free throw.
⦁ Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or
more fouls, then the fouled player receives two free throws.
8. Charging. An offensive foul that is committed
when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul
was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact
resulting from a defender not establishing position
in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the
basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent.
This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This
type of foul results in free throws plus the offense
retaining possession of the ball after the free
throws.
9. Violations
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half'
without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot
once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his
hand too far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the
ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the
ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then
dribbling again is a double dribble.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will
gain possession of the ball at the same time. In order to
avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops
the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a
rotating basis.
10. Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot
while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the
way up toward the basket after having touched the
backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's
goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive
player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing
team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the
ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the
line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the
other team to pass inbounds.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has
five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is
awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the
rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than five
seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and
levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a
shot within a given time frame.
11. Overtime
If the score is tied at the end of regulation time, an extra
period is played to determine the winner. This period is called
“overtime.” The length of the extra period depends on the
league/level.
Overtime begins with a “jump ball” and ends when the
allotted time has expired. The team with the most points at
the end of the extra period is the winner. If the score remains
tied at the end of overtime, then another period will be
played; this process will continue until a winner can be
determined.
Moving the Ball
There are two ways to move the basketball: The pass and the
dribble. Passing—the intentional transfer of the ball from one
player to another— is the preferred option, because it is the
fastest way to move the ball and involves team work. The
dribble—the continuous bouncing of the ball on the floor—on
the other hand, is an individual act. While it can be necessary
in certain situations, dribbling too often can easily get a
player into trouble.
12. Rough Play
Dr. James Naismith, the inventor of basketball, despised
the rough-play tactics rampant in sports like football and
rugby. Thus, when inventing basketball he did his best
to create a sport that discouraged excessive roughness.
The modern rules reflect his desire.
By rule, basketball is a non-contact sport. This does not
mean that any physical contact between opponents is
illegal. What it does mean however, is that players are
not allowed to engage in rough/excessive physical
contact and/or use contact to gain a competitive
advantage on the opponent.
13. Scoring
A team scores by throwing or dropping the ball through the
opponent’s hoop from above. An attempt to score is called a
shot. Each time a player successfully puts the ball through the
hoop their team is awarded one, two, or three points. The
number of points given for each successful shot depends on the
type of shot. Below is a breakdown of the different shot values:
Foul Shot/Free Throw: The referee will grant a foul shot
to a player who is fouled while in the act of shooting. A
successful free throw is worth one point.
2 Point: Any shot taken within the area between the end line
and the three point arc is worth two points if it goes in.
3 Pointer: Any successful shot taken behind the three-point
line is worth three points.
And the Winner is...
The team that scores the most points within the allotted
time is the winner of the game.
