2. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
All truth verification techniques rely on psycho-physiological
principals
• Polygraph
• Layered Voice Analysis
• Body language
• Voice analysis
• Iris scan
• Statement analysis
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
3. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
General principle
Human beings, mammals, birds, insects, etc
sophisticated survival mechanism
Internal regulator = HYPOTHALAMUS
HOMEOSTASIS = balance
Life threatening activate: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)
body becomes host for changes
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
4. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
The branch of psychology that is concerned with the
physiological bases of psychological processes
Study of the interface of mind and body
Looks at the way psychological activities produce
physiological responses
Psycho physiological measures are used to study emotion and
attention responses in response to stimuli (for example: a
question asked)
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
5. Summary of the psychophysiology of a lie
Psycho-Physiology:
Brain how it manifests Body
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (Body Control
Centre)
AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS
SYSTEM:
No control over
85-90% of our brain activity
Para-sympathetic:
Homeostasis
Normal state
Sympathetic:
THREAT:
Fight or flight
mode
WHEN ATHREAT IS ENCOUNTERED:
Move (jump) from Para-sympathetic to Sympathetic
70% of blood directed to major muscles, brain, lungs
•need for more oxygen
•Some glands get an increase in activity, others less: sweat
glands, saliva gland
•Brain gets more oxygen for faster thinking
WHEN WE LIE =
REACTIONTOTHREAT
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
6. FIGHT OR FLIGHT MODE
The mouth gets dry,
due to the salivary
glands producing much
thicker saliva.
The heart pumps
harder and faster,
thereby increasing
blood volume and
pulse.
Stimulation of the
respiratory muscles
leads to breathing
changes.
The sweat glands are
stimulated and forced
to release perspiration.
The iris of the eye
dilates permitting more
light into the eye.
The anal and urinary
sphincters contract and
the bladder relaxes.
Involuntary muscles
contract.
Sensors sends
ALARMto
Automatic Nervous System
Perceived
THREAT
Physical or Psychological
Sympathetic System takesAction
FIGHT or FLIGHT
Automatic Nervous System
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
7. DIFFERENT LIES & WHAT MOTIVATES THEM
The act of lying causes stress
Lie-detection consists mainly of stress
detection.
Lie-detection systems use physiological
data.
The data relies on detecting the stress that a
person experiences when he is lying.
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
8. TELLING LIES / DECEIT
• False statement – deliberately intent to mislead or deceive
• More harm
• Psychological retreat from danger
• Universal treat
• How many times per day???
• Individual learns to lie
• Truth telling + telling lies = intertwined*
• Family “truth”
• Learn nonverbal signals*
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
9. MOTIVES FOR TELLING LIES
• To avoid being punished.
• To gain something otherwise not obtainable.
• To protect others from trouble.
• To protect oneself or another from harm.
• To win the admiration or interest of others.
• To avoid creating an awkward social situation.
• To avoid embarrassment.
• To maintain privacy.
• To demonstrate power over authority.
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
10. People will often hide their true emotional
reactions in order to:
avoid punishment, embarrassment
and negative future
earn a title, credit or something we
do not deserve
mislead in an investigative
procedure
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
11. CALIBRATION
• To measure set of graduations that show positions or values
• To adjust the correct value of a reading to a standardTaking mental
‘snapshot’ subject’s Emotional Free state
• A Baseline or Benchmark
• Individuals are unique; each with its own habits, nitty-gritty's –>
which influence non verbal behaviour
• Without calibration skills you are driving blind!
• Calibration enable the interviewer to detect deviations from normal
behaviour
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
12. WHAT IS LVA – Introduction to Layered
Voice Analysis
• There is no ‘true’ lie detector: lying is not a unified set of feelings that
can be measured.
• Lying= a deep logical process that is executed with a particular
intention.
• Due to this variety in motivation and intention, there is no fixed set of
characteristics that differentiate lies from truth.
• LVA is capable of detecting the intention behind the lie -> identifying
and revealing the lie itself
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
13. Speech is used as input and psychophysiology provides the
code that detects stress levels, cognitive processes and
emotional reactions in voice.
Conversations are also recorded -> enables detailed
analysis and reporting via offline mode
Analyzes entire vocal spectrum
Analyzes in real-time
Whole conversations (not just yes / no answers) are
analysed.
WHAT IS LVA
Voice analysis through computer technology:
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
14. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
• LVA technology from Nemesysco was invented in 1997 byAmir
Liberman
• Based on proprietary set of vocal parameters correlating with key
human emotions -> able to identify deceptive intentions
• These vocal parameters were identified from a bank of audio files
taken in different languages, numerous settings, police
interrogations, call centres and controlled experiments
• This software is heavily regulated and has evolved from earlier
prototypes i.e.Truster Pro to the latest state of the art version, LVA
6.5D
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
15. The Emotional Diamond Concept
“There are no good or bad emotions… it is only the context that makes the
meaning…”
• Based on Nemesysco’s proprietary
LayeredVoiceAnalysis readings
• Clear and friendly graphical display of
one’s complex emotional state
• Can display both real-time dynamic
analysis and a steady state (emotional
profile)
The emotional diamond presents only the 8 basic emotions detected by LVA
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
16. Voice Analysis for Emotion Detection
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
20. FROM EMOTIONAL PROFILE TO RISK ASSESSMENT
Emotional
Passionate
Energetic
Concentrated
Stressful
Confident
thoughtful Uneasy
• All RiskAssessment systems are
based on detection of anomalies
• Nemesysco’s Emotional Diamond™
represents both steady state (Homeostasis)
and current state (real-time reactions)
• Nemesysco’s “Risk Level” is calculated based on
multiple emotion deviations of the current state
from the steady state
The term “Lie detection”
is always MISLEADINGGuy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
21. LVA AS AN INVESTIGATION FOCUS TOOL
Much more than lie detection
Per individual
Enables a better understanding of
subject’s mental state & emotional
make-up
Identifies levels of stress, cognitive
processes and emotional reactions
Explores conscious and
unconscious brain activities
Detects feelings of stress,
confusion, hesitation and
deception
This insight into a subject’s mental state is used
to focus an investigation and identify areas that
require more information gathering.
Per group
It indicates with a high accuracy
rate which high risk subject’s
should be verified through
investigation
Clearing honest subjects from
investigation
Indicates individuals that need to
be focused on during the overall
investigation process and to
identify areas that require more
information gathering.
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
22. HOW LVA DIFFERS
from the other lie detection systems
No “yes” or “no”
answers .
Open conversation.
Answers in full
sentences.
Any recording can be
analyzed – even from
the television etc.
Tests can be done
telephonically.
(Remote
investigations)
No restriction to 4
relevant questions
Unlimited questions
can be asked.
Immediate indication
in online mode of the
subject’s intention to
deceive.
Not limited to one
incident.
No direct physical
connection
Previously recorded
conversations can be
analysed later
No timing limitation
Results within
minutes with real-
time indications
No inconclusive
results
Has no counter
measure to alter the
results
The subject can be
kept ignorant of
being analysed
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
23. POLYGRAPH VOICE STRESS ANALYSIS LVA
SYSTEM Multiple sensors that record heart rate, pulse
rate, blood pressure and sweat
“Micro tremor” technology (VSA, PSE, CVSA)
measured between 8-12Hz frequencies
Analysis of the entire audible spectrum of voice frequencies.
Up to 3800 algorithms which detect states of stress and
emotions
PRO’S • Used for more than 100 years
• The tool is heavily regulated and has been
subject to numerous detailed scientific
studies
Theory based on “Micro tremors of Lippoldt”. • No direct physical connection
• No pre-test interview required
• Previously recorded conversations can be analysed later
• Normal conversation with full phrases and answers
• No timing limitation on questions
• Results within minutes
• Investigation remote
• Telephonic interviews are possible
CON’S • Many health related limitations (pregnancy,
epileptics, hearth problems etc.)
• Someone who knows the theory of control
questions can beat the test
• Yes / no questions
• Limited to 4 Relevant questions in a
standard MGQT test
• Requires specific, mostly unavailable
microphone technology that can measure
these frequencies
• Humans hear 20Hz-20KHz, telephone 500Hz
• Has been described as pseudoscientific
• Federally funded research showed "little
validity" in the technique
• Relatively new technology
• Often confused withVoice Stress Analysis
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
24. HOW LVA WORKS
• Brain processes emotions
• When we talk:
Air from
lungs
Through
vocal
cords
Through
tongue,
teeth &
lips
Creates
speech
flow
Vocal cord
vibrations
Leading
Frequency
Any event
is recorded
by brain
and
reflected
in voice
• Brain fingerprintManifests
through voice
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
25. HOW LVA IS CURRENTLY BEING UTILISED
QA5
Call Centers
LVA-i
HR Screening
RA7
Fraud Detection
LVA 6.50
Investigations
SENSE-C
Marketing Research
EDP
Entertainment
CR7
Credit Risk
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
26. HOW LVA IS CURRENTLY BEING UTILISED
Pre-Employment
Vetting
General Honesty
Maintenance
Incident Related
Investigations
Insurance Claim
Handling
Employee
Stress
Management Care
Risk Mitigation
Intelligence Data
Analysis
Undercover Work
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
28. VERACITY ASSESSMENT AND THE LAW
• Concerning interviewing / interrogation / psychological assessment
Criminal Adjudication:
• State must prove beyond reasonable doubt
Civil Adjudication :
• CCMA and other labour related issues
balance of probabilities
Investigative focus instruments / tools
LayeredVoice
Analysis
Polygraph
Computerised
Voice Stress
Analysis
LVA-i
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
29. Veracity Assessments and the Law:
Constitution of South Africa 1996
• Bill of Rights
• Right of fair trail
Sec 8 Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998
Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995
EXCERPT FROMTHECCMA ARBITRATION
AWARD ABOUT USE OF LVA:
“It is to be noted that the
onus of proof in civil matters
is on a balance of the
probabilities and not as in
criminal matters beyond
reasonable doubt. On the
strength of the above, I am
persuaded that the result of
the test can safely be
accepted as confirmation of
the applicant’s guilt.”
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
30. PROCEDURE IN CONDUCTING A TEST
• Test and subject
details
• Confirming
understanding
Informed
Consent
• Build neutral-
emotion profile
(Truthful Zero
Point)
Calibration
• Different
‘messages’
helps guide
questioning
Testing Phase
Online Analysis
• All relevant
• Covers all
degrees of
involvement
Types of
questions
• In-depth
analysis
• Produces
detailed
psychological
structure view
• Indicates each
segment with
associated
analysis
Analysing
Offline
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
32. CASE STUDY: RA7 Fraud Detection Solution at UNIQA Insurance
(Hungary, 2011)
Sample incident: a 4.3 magnitude earthquake in Hungary, Europe, Saturday, January 29, 2011 at
17:41
The day after the earthquake: 163 claims were submitted over the phone.
The further away from the epicenter of the quake - the more fraudulent claims were recorded
Operators in the call center were able to handle and defeat fraudulent claims as they were
received by phone
Only 119 claims were found to be truthful & 44 (27%) to be fraudulent
Magnitude
Legitimate
claims
High Risk
claims
4.3 99 2
3.6 20 18
2.2 0 18
1.3 0 6
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
33. • With RA7 installed during 2013 it was discovered that small
value claims present higher risk in percentage compared to high
value claims.
• Until the RA7 implementation, Allianz did not check 40,000 EU in
monthly payouts. RA7 showed that 40% of the small claims
contain risk.
CASE STUDY: RA7 Fraud prevention solution at Allianz
(Slovakia, 2013)
626.74
183.12
1925.44
150 269.72
694.19
53.12
3373.96
108.33 250
47.72
859.55
1210.9
Risk level for claim type
HR MR LR
809.86, 8%
3092.47,
32%
5850.46,
60%
Value for final risk level
HR MR
Water pipes
damage
Heavy storm
damage
Hail
damage
Fire damage Heavy
rains
All
other
Electrical
short circuit
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
34. CASE STUDY: RA7 Fraud prevention solution at Censeo
(South Africa, 2015)
70%
30%
No Risk High Risk
• During 2014, Censeo’s investigation
unit analyzed a total of 30,000 insurance
claims, forwarded to it AFTER initial screening
by the insurance companies in-house fraud
prevention means.
• Using RA7, about 20,000 claims (70%) were
found to be “Low Risk” and should not be investigated, improving customer
service to the rightful claimants, as well
as saving just about *15,000,000US$ in travels and expenses.
• (* Based on 750US$ expenses per case, including airfare, hotels and investigator’s
work)
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
35. GENERAL ACADEMICALLY VERIFIED RESEARCH
Proved The Effectiveness of LVA Technology
“We find that higher levels of positive (negative) affect, as
operationalized via higher levels of excitement (cognitive dissonance)
determined by proprietary LVA software, conveys good (bad) news
about future firm performance…”
“A significant correlation was seen between the emotional factors and
certain personality traits... Thus the emotions displayed through voice
can be used as a tool to determine personality.”
“Psycholosoft, a research group affiliated with the Department of Psychology at
Japan's Tsukuba University, determined that Nemesysco's Layered Voice Analysis
(LVA) technology is a reliable and valid tool for detecting mental stress through
speech”.
“It is clear that LVA is a powerful tool to assess the sexual arousal of
pedophiles.”
Guy Van Damme and Lelani Rautenbach
All truth verification techniques rely on psycho-physiological principles. This is so for polygraph, body
language, handwriting analysis, voice analysis, MRI, iris scan,.... The one that most probably does not
rely on these principles may be the application of truth serums and / or hypnosis.
Human beings (as well as any other mammals and most other living beings) are endowed with a very
sophisticated survival mechanism.
Their whole well being depends on the maintenance of an inner balance, fluids and chemicals,
throughout every organ in the body.
This balance is called homeostasis.
In the centre of the brain is a gland called the Hypothalamus: our internal regulator.
All our unconscious activities such as sleep, breathing, digestion, pulse, blood volume, respiration etc.
are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, controlled by the hypothalamus.
When our well being is threatened, physically or psychologically, one or more of our sensors, hearing,
sight, smell, taste, touch or even instinct, will send alarm signals to the autonomic nervous system
which will activate its sympathetic department and take action.
In our field, when the ear of the subject receives a potentially threatening message from the examiner,
this stimulus is transferred via sensory neurones to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
Regarding treating the nature of the stimulus the signal is send to the frontal lobe (the centre for
judgement and reasoning) where the question is perceived and a judgement made.
If the question is perceived as threatening, the alarm is sent from the frontal lobe through the
hypothalamus to the sympathetic system which will then take appropriate action nl. a sympathetic
response. (Note that this whole process cannot even be calculated in microseconds, it is semi
instantaneous).
The body is now programmed for " fight or flight" mode. A person is, when threatened limited to two
obvious choices: He is going to defend himself by fighting the menace, attacking the threat or he is
going to try to avoid the confrontation by physically running away, become paralyzed, freeze, hide....
For both actions, whichever his mind has set upon, certain physical parameters will have to change, the
person has left the homeostasis.
The adrenal medulla glands will extract adrenaline (hormones known as epinephrine and
norepinephrine) so that certain bodily functions will alter in order to stand the best chance to survive
the emergency.
For example, the blood will be instantly distributed to the most important areas like the brain and the
larger muscles, and in other parts the arterioles will constrict, preventing blood going to where it is not
needed.
While the sympathetic system organises this whole defense system in next to no time, the
parasympathetic system, functionally antagonistic towards his partner, follows up in order to reestablish
the chemical balance of the body.
Without these two antagonistic partners, the defence system of the body would go into a high build up
and cause damage to the body (E.g.. burst artery in brain). The two of them are essential to maintain a
perfect homeostasis.
All of the above mentioned physiological activity can be measured and thus used for an indication of a
probability of deception towards questions asked.
In essence, truth verification is the same as identifying a jump from homeostasis into a fight or flight
mode, in other words, an activation of the sympathetic nervous system as a result of the perception of a
question as a threat by the subject.
Nobody can live without a certain amount of stress. Crossing a road, trying to catch a train, or simply a feeling of joy is enough to 'trigger' the stress mechanism. Stress is not necessarily bad; stress is part of life as every emotion, every activity causes stress (R. D. Vooijs - 2004)
Although stress is also associated with positive emotions, lie detection focuses on negative stress such as stress caused by anger or fear.
everybody has a general notion of what is stress, however, the wide use of the term 'stress' has led to a multitude of different definitions
general consensus: the stress concept involves external or internal stimulation of the organism, which upsets its internal balance (homeostasis).
general agreement that stress involves a series of physiological and behavioral changes which prepare the organism for the appropriate coping response, or, the fight or flight mode.
Professionals in the field of lie detection know that there is no “true” lie detector, as lying is not a unified set of feelings that can be measured.
Lying is a result of a deep logical process that is executed with a particular intention. One might lie to protect oneself from harm, while another might lie to gain profit, or even just to make a joke. Due to this variety in motivation and intention, there is no fixed set of characteristics (physiological or psychological) that differentiate lies from truth. However, LVA is capable of detecting the intention behind the lie, and by doing so can lead you to identifying and revealing the lie itself.
Truth verification services are provided by doing voice analysis through computer technology. It provides easy access to truth verification. Whole conversations are analysed and not just yes/ no answers. The analysis process can be done in real-time but conversations are also recorded to enable off-line detailed analysis and reporting. The final report provides comprehensive data and robust quantitative results that can be used together with other information obtained by the client.
Speech is used as input and psychophysiology provides the code that detects stress levels, cognitive processes and emotional reactions in voice.
Nemesysco’s technology was originally invented in 1997 by Amir Liberman, and is being developed ever since in consultation with experts from different relevant fields (psychology, criminology, phonetics, psychiatry, mathematics and others).
The technology is based on a proprietary set of vocal parameters found through research to correlate with key human emotions, and in various combinations to be able to identify deceptive intentions in “real life” scenarios. These vocal parameters were identified from a bank of audio files taken in different languages and a numerous settings, including police interrogations, call centers and controlled experiments.
Many of the parameters Nemesysco’s technology uses are new to the world of phonetics, and focus on the uncontrolled and yet phonetically unexplained properties of the human voice.
The software has been and is still heavily regulated and has evolved from earlier prototypes i.e. Truster Pro to the latest state of the art software, LVA 6.5D.
Computers can identify digitally unique patterns in the human voice that we as humans have learned to mask and ignore, and Nemesysco, in its 18 years of research, learned to identify and correlate with key human emotions
To show the complexity of the human emotional reactions in a simple and graphical way, we came up with the emotional diamond concept.
It presents LVA’s 8 selected and natural reactions, and can show the way they change over time, as the evaluated person speaks.
I want you to take a look at the way it is built – Energy at the top, stress at the bottom, emotion to the right, logic & confident to the left.
LVA technology analyzes few more emotional reactions, and we will discuss them maybe some other time.
Now I want to show you the emotional diamond in action.
I will be using 2 clips of the same person, and I’m sure he requires no introduction.
These were taken in 2 different time frames in his life.
[Play the video]
Take a look at the level of energy, confidence, emotions. No stress, no mental effort. Classic! Feeling at home, loved, he is certainly a well gifted speaker.
Now, before I start the second video, does anyone want to take a guess what that is?
[Play the video]
Now we can see a completely different reading:
Emotion is gone, energy is gone, and stress is the most dominant emotion.
Yet I do want us to keep in mind, the emotional readings of the Diamond are neither good nor bad as of themselves. It is only the context that gives them a positive or negative meaning.
…and the context comes from our understanding, as humans, and our ability to merry the analysis with the spoken words.
Now that you have seen the complexity of the human emotional readings, the next question that immediately comes to mind is: Can this be used to DETECT LIES?
Well, the term “Lie detection” is always misleading, as there are so many types of lies, right? You can lie to protect yourself from harm, you can lie to gain something extra. Most of us lie simply for connivance and some of tell a casual joke. These are all lies, and from emotional point of view, they look completely different.
All the systems that deals with “Lie Detection” or maybe we better start using a better word for it, “Risk Assessment” – are all based on the same principle, acknowledging the fact that a “lie” is a unique situation. Therefore, all these systems look for the speaker’s state of “homeostasis” (stable and peaceful zone) – and measure the sudden changes and anomalies. Body language experts examine your natural behaviors to identify sudden changes, the polygraph will measure your heart rate and skin resistance, and LVA too, can be used to learn what your subject’s normal emotions readings are, and calculate any significant deviation in it to assess, well, “Risk”.
LVA enables a better understanding of a subject’s mental state and emotional makeup at a given moment by detecting the emotional content of their speech when responding to questions. This means better insight into the way they think, what is troubling them, what excites them, their uncertainties and sensitive issues. This is used to focus an investigation and identify areas that require more information gathering.
Furthermore, the technology enables the user to explore several levels of conscious and unconscious brain activities, thus, exposing additional layers of information that would otherwise be unavailable. This information can save crucial time during an investigation.
Our brain processes emotions and they manifest through the voice —This voice is the manifestation of our “brain fingerprint”. When we talk, air is pushed from the lungs, through the vocal cords, the lips, tongue and teeth to create the speech flow. The vocal cord's vibrations generate a leading frequency. This frequency range differs according to gender and is very sensitive to any emotions or stress. The human brain also plays a very big part in the generation of speech flow-- any event that occurs in the brain (such as feeling, confusion, pain, etc.) is reflected in the voice. The feelings detected in the voice analysis reveal stress, confusion, hesitation, and deception. LVA technology uses "psychological patterns" detection as well as three different and independent equations. These equations distinguish between stress resulting from excitement and any other emotional stress. Distinctions are also made between confusion and other cognitive or global stress resulting from the circumstances surrounding the issue being discussed. It also distinguishes between "acceptable levels" of stress and between stresses emanating from attempts at deception. LVA detects levels of tension, rejection, fear, embarrassment and attempts to outsmart or answer cynically. It also measures the subject's level of thinking. LVA also measures the willingness of the subject to answer in the relatively new Stop or Say (S.O.S) parameter. Using Deception Patterns, LVA can achieve the greatest accuracy rate in detecting deceptions.
The LVA technology forms the basis of all the applications that Nemesysco has developed and is packaged in a way that will serve different vertical markets: security, HR, fraud prevention, credit risk, entertainment, and call center’s QA.
LVA is used by leading companies in the world, each in different fields as I have just mentioned.
Principles to adhere to in order to use Veracity Assessment Tools:
A test cannot be forced. Refusal does not indicate guilt and is not necessary grounds for dismissal;
Informed consent needs to be obtained. The subject of the examination must be informed that tests are voluntary, he / she have the right to an interpreter and / or a witness and the type of questions need to be discussed;
The examiner needs to collaborate with the employer on detailed questions;
A test is permitted when there is reasonable suspicion that an employee was involved in a specific incident;
Results can only be released to the employer who requested the examination.
Currently there is no legislation specifically addressing and/or regulating the use of polygraph/LVA testing per se in South Africa and the only guidelines are those found in awards made by dispute resolution forums, i.e. Courts, CCMA and private arbitration tribunals; and current labour legislation such as the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and the American Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988:
Being an open technique, the LVA is not regarded an unfair labour practice tool when used as an investigation focus tool. It is however necessary for management to realise that the application of the results should be handled according to the principles as laid out in the Labour Relations Act.
Informed Consent:
Subject’s details
Details and results of test to be performed
What the test will be about
Confirming understanding prior and after a test
The essential calibration process builds a neutral-emotion profile (aka Truthful Zero Point) of the subject. It measures how a subject reacts when no special emotions are involved and also requires truthful answers. It also takes minor background noise and the subject’s mood into account.
LVA has a filter to scan suspected samples to ensure that the calibration is not contaminated with deceptive segments
Testing phase - Online Analysis
Once the “analyzing” starts, the different “messages” guides the operator to formulate and ask relevant questions to the subject during the interview
Once the operator is satisfied that all aspects relevant to the claim was covered in the interview, the test will be ended.
Types of questions asked
All relevant. Guided by information given. Covers all degrees of involvement: 4 CORNERS OF QUESTIONNAIRE
This mode is utilized after the Online testing has been completed for an in-depth analysis of pre-recorded material to produce a detailed psychological structure view. This is where the operator “cleans” the conversation (categorizes each segment) in order to determine exactly what needs to be analyzed in more detail. Once the “cleaning” process is completed, the segment map will indicate each segment individually with its associated analysis and relate emotional parameters.
LVA has been featured widely by the media, with cover stories on Time Magazine Europe (it is talking about the Vericator, a brand name used in the USA back then), Aviation security and speech technology magazines… it was also featured on Discovery, BBC, the history channel and RTL to name a few.
These are some case studies to the effectiveness of the technology and its ability to reveal the underlying truth – This slide discusses a case study by an Insurance company studying the correlation between an earthquake event, the distance from its center, and the number of high risk claims identified by technology. All the cases have been validated by the company’s team of investigators.
This is Allianz insurance in Slovakia pretty much telling us the same story – 44% of all small claims submitted during the pilot phase contained “Risk”.
This is actually a very interesting case study describing a completely different process… Censeo is an investigation company employing several dozens of investigators in South Africa, and it is serving several different insurance companies. All these companies use databases and rule engine to flag suspected calls. Those are forwarded to Censeo for investigation, that typically costs the company around 1,000 US$ to complete.
As too many of those investigations led to no findings in the past, Censeo decided to start testing claims using RA7 before they actually go out and chase the fraud. The results show that around 70%, or 20,000 cases out of the 30,000 cases they screened last year, were in fact low risk, i.e., no fraud potential, according to RA7. Not chasing those claims, resulted in savings of about 20,000,000 US$ for their clients.
Not to neglect the academic side, Nemesysco invests heavily in cooperation with the academy all over the world, and we promote practically any research project that we believe can benefit from the LVA capabilities. Duke in the USA studied the correlation between CEOs positive and negative voice effects to their share price and company’s performance, MAMATA college in India studied correlation between LVA parameters and PF16 personality test, UNISA used LVA to validate pedophile treatment, and Tsukuba university in Japan validated our measurements of stress. Another study published in the USA compared the effectiveness of the LVA (earlier version) to those of Polygraph and the VSA on 100 real police cases – Can you guess who did better?
