Culture provides different ways of thinking and perceiving the world. Cross-cultural communication examines how people from different cultures communicate within and across cultures. There are cognitive, behavioral, and emotional constraints that affect intercultural understanding due to differing worldviews, communication rules, and emotion regulation across cultures. Cultures also differ in their communication context, with low-context cultures valuing individualism and high-context cultures emphasizing collectivism. Indian and Japanese cultures each have unique linguistic, behavioral, and social norms that can lead to challenges in cross-cultural communication between the two groups.

1. Cross-cultural communication
(INDIA AND JAPAN)
B.PLAN
2ND YEAR (4TH SEMISTER)

2. Culture
• culture is linked to communication and a wide
range of human experience including feelings,
identity and sense-making
• provides people with different ways of thinking,
seeing, hearing and interpreting the world
• it involves a number of man-made, collective
artefacts and is shared by the members of a
social group
• something that shapes one‘s behaviour or
structures one′s perception of the world

3. Cross-cultural communication
• Cross-cultural communication is a field of study
that looks at how people from
differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in
similar and different ways among themselves,
and how they endeavor to communicate across
cultures

4. Constraints For Intercultural
Understanding
• cognitive constraints
– the frame of reference or world-view which provides a backdrop
that all new information is compared to or inserted into
• behaviour constraints
– each culture has its own rules concerning proper behaviour
which affect verbal and nonverbal communication
• emotional constraints
– different cultures regulate the display of emotions differently.
Some cultures get very emotional while others try to keep their
emotions hidden

5. Aspects Of Cross Cultural
Communication
• Low-context-culture
– values the individualist’s goals
– separates person and issue
– is confrontational
– uses logic-deductive thinking and explicit codes of speech
– expresses emotional information through facial expressions,
tone of voice and body movements
– individualist cultures tend to gravitate towards low-context
starting points

6. Cont…
• High-context-culture
– values the collectivist’s goals
– merges person and issue
– relies on contextual cues and situational knowledge
– uses implicit references and indirect speech
– masks its emotions
– collectivist cultures tend to use high-context communication

7. Culture In India
• India have very rich and varied culture
• Culture in India is different all over the country
• India have more than 200 languages spoken
• Different religions, cuisine, clothing, art etc
• India is the most linguistically diverse country
in the world

8. Communication factors in India
• India is having wide cultural boundaries due to
which different communication styles are
followed
• The most widely spoken language is Hindi,
although some southern states reject it as the
primary official language
• English has become the primary medium of
communication across the country especially
between Hindi and non-Hindi speakers

9. Culture In Japan
• Japanese is the official and primary language
of Japan, and is also used by most Japanese
immigrant communities around the globe. It is
an agglutinative language and the sound
inventory of Japanese is relatively small but
has a lexically distinct pitch-accent system
• Japan have very unique culture, it is very
difficult for a non-Japanese to communicate
with

10. Communication factors in Japan
• The Japanese place great importance on the
concept of wa, emphasizing harmony, group
loyalty, and consensus
• Japan continues to blend the traditional
culture with new ideas, creating a uniquely
Japanese approach

11. Cross-cultural communication
between Indians and Japanese
• Most common problems faced during
communication between Indians and Japanese,
1. Communication gap caused by linguistic
differences
2. Unintended tone
3. English in Japanese tone is difficult to
understand for Indians
4. Different pronunciation
5. Grammatical errors
6. Indian English accent

12. Conclusion
• Intercultural competence means understanding
what culture is and how it works
• Culture is not congenital, but adapted and
modified by the individual’s personality
• The knowledge about cultural concepts are useful
to compare cultures that are relatively closed
• The various levels of culture show that culture
can be seen as an onion-like construct
• Cultural understanding is a journey, that never
finishes, because the process and the endpoints
change constantly

13. Group
• Ashutosh Kothari

14. THANK YOU…