This document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. It notes that in reported speech, verb tenses change to the past tense, pronouns may change based on who is speaking, and time and place expressions change to reflect when the speech was reported rather than when it originally occurred. It provides examples of how direct speech would change when reported, such as changing the present tense to past tense, and changing words like "now" to "then".

1. REPORTED SPEECH
Hello, how are you?
My name is
John and this
is my
brother. They saw
that film
yesterday
She said
she was cold

2. REPORTED SPEECH
CHANGES BETWEEN DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH
VERB TENSES: ( They always change to the previous past form )
PRONOUNS : ( subject- she, he, they…/ object- her, him,them,us…/
possessive- mine, yours…/
possessive adjectives- my, his, our…)
TIME ADVERBS: ( now-then / yesterday- the previous day… )
PLACE EXPRESSIONS: ( here- there…)
 It is introduced by verbs such as:
said +sentence
told+ indirect object +sentence

3. REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED/INDIRECT SPEECH
Present simple Past Simple
Past Perfect (had+p. part.)Past Simple
Present Perfect (have+p. part.) Past Perfect (had +p.part.)
Am/ is / Are Was / were
Will Would
Can Could
May Might
Have to Had to
Must Must

4. OTHER CHANGES
( TIME / PLACE EXPRESSIONS)
DIRECT SPEECH
Now
Today
Tonight
Yesterday
Last…
Tomorrow
Here
This / these
REPORTED SPEECH
Then
That day
That night
The previous day
The previous…
The following day
There
That/ those

5. STATEMENTS
- v. said+ sentence
- v.told+ ind. obj.+ sentence
- Paul said “I want a new
job”.
- He said that he wanted a
new job.
-“I saw the film
yesterday”, she said.
- She told me that he had
seen the film the previous
day
QUESTIONS
- v. asked+if+sentence in an
statement order.
- v.asked+what/when/…+
sentence in an statement
order
- “Do you have to come
tomorrow?”, they asked,
- They asked if they had to
come the next day.
- “What are you studying
now?”,the teacher asked.
- The teacher asked what
they were studying then.
COMMANDS/ORDERS
- v. told+ind. obj+ to infinitive
- v. asked+obj+ to infinitive
- “Open your books”, the
teacher said.
- The teacher told them to
open their books.
- Pay for the coffee, please!,
Frank asked Sally
- He asked Sally to pay for
the coffee.

6. EXAMPLES
DIRECT SPEECH
“I always get up very early.”
“Andrew bought a new TV yesterday.”
“You will do your grammar exam next
week.”
“They are going to swim tomorrow”
Peter said: “I can speak English quite
well”
Janet asked: “Where did you buy your
new i-Phone, Sean?”
REPORTED SPEECH
She said (that) she always got up early.
He said (that) Andrew had bought a
new TV the previous day.
The teacher said (that) we would do our
grammar exam the following week
.
The boys said (that) they were going to
swim the following day.
Peter said that he could speak English
quite well.
Janet asked Sean where he had bought
his new i-Phone.