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1. CYTOTOXICITY OF
NANOPARTICLES ON RBC

2. 2
PRESENTED BY: ESHA
AROOJ(027)
AYESHA
MUNIR(004)
PRESENTED TO: DR. HAMMAD
ARSHAD
SUBJECT:
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
COURSE CODE: BTCH353

3. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 FACTORS INFLUENCING
CYTOTOXICITY
 NANOPARTICLE INTERACTION
WITH RBC
 MECHANISM OF CYTOTOXICITY
 EXAMPLE OF CYTOTOXIC
NANOPARTICLES
 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
3

4. INTRODUCTION
4
 . Nanoparticles are particles with dimensions on
the nanoscale.
 Cytotoxicity refers to the ability of a substance
to cause damage or death to cells.
 cytotoxicity of nanoparticles can vary depending
on their specific properties

5. NANOPARTICLE INTERACTION WITH
RBC
5
 Adsorption: Nanoparticles can adsorb onto the surface of RBCs.
 Penetration: Some nanoparticles, particularly smaller ones, may be
able to penetrate the cell membrane and enter the interior of the
RBC.
 Membrane disruption: Certain nanoparticles, especially those with
sharp edges or high surface reactivity, can cause membrane damage
or disruption when they come into contact with RBCs.
 Cellular uptake: In some cases, RBCs may actively engulf
nanoparticles through endocytosis.

6. 6
 Concentration: Higher concentrations of a toxic substance are
more likely to induce cell death than lower concentrations.
 Exposure time: The duration of exposure to a toxic substance
can affect cytotoxicity.
 Cell type: Some cells may be more resistant to certain toxins,
while others may be more susceptible.
 Genetic factors: Some individuals may have genetic factors
that make them more or less sensitive to certain toxins.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CYTOTOXICITY

7. 7
 Oxidative stress: Oxidative stress occurs when there is an
imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and the cell's antioxidant defense mechanisms.
 Enzyme inhibition: Some toxic agents can inhibit specific
enzymes present in RBCs, which are crucial for the cell's normal
functioning and survival.
 Alteration of ion balance: RBCs rely on a delicate balance of
ions, particularly potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), for their
proper functioning.
 Hemoglobin modification: Hemoglobin is the protein responsible
for oxygen transport in RBCs.
CYTOTOXICITY ON RED BLOOD CELLS
(RBCS)

8. 8
 Silver nanoparticles: exert cytotoxic effects on cells.
 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: high concentrations or
prolonged exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles can induce
cytotoxic effects.
 Quantum dots: quantum dots composed of heavy metals like
cadmium or lead can be cytotoxic.
 Metal oxide nanoparticles: metal oxide nanoparticles can
exhibit cytotoxic effects.
CYTOTOXIC NANOPARTICLES
FOR RBC

9. 9
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF LEVELS OF
NANOPARTICLES
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
QUANTUM DOTS TITANIUM DIOXIDE SILVER
NANOPARTICLES
METALLIC
NANOPARTICLES
Level of toxicity of nanoparticles

10. 1 0
PRESENTATION
TITLE
 Hemolysis assay : spectrophotometrically measuring the
absorbance of released hemoglobin.
 MTT assay : colorimetric assay to assess cell viability and
cytotoxicity.
 LDH release assay: measuring the amount of LDH released using
a colorimetric or enzymatic assay.
 Flow cytometry : detailed information on the percentage of affected
cells
 Microscopy: can be observed under a light microscope
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS TO
EVALUATE CYTOTOXICITY IN RED
BLOOD CELLS (RBCS).

11. 1 1
PRESENTATION
TITLE
CONCLUSION
 The conclusion regarding nanoparticle
toxicity on red blood cells (RBCs) depends
on the specific nanoparticles being
considered. It is important to note that
different types of nanoparticles can have
varying effects on RBCs, and the toxicity
can be influenced by factors such as
nanoparticle size, shape, surface coating,
concentration, and exposure duration.

12. ANY QUESTION…….?

13. THANK YOU