1. History of horror
1890-1920
Horror is a film genre that aims to put an emotional reaction negatively on to the
audience by using the audience's fears against them. Horror films often show scenes
that agitate the viewer because the supernatural for example is a frequent theme.
This may overlay with the fantasy and thriller genres. Horror films often deal with the
audience’s nightmares, hidden fears or terror of the unknown. Plots in the horror
genre generally involve the invasion of an evil force, event, or person mainly from
the supernatural world, into the everyday world. Things like
ghosts, vampires, werewolves, demons, monsters, zombies, cannibals, and killers
are used in conventional horror films. The first sightings of supernatural events were
shown in silent shorts created by Georges Méliès was in the late 1890s, the most
popular being Le Manoir du Diable, (the haunted castle 1896) which is sometimes
known as the first horror film made. But another one of his horror films was the
1898's La Cavernemaudite (The Cave of the Unholy One). Japan made early decent
into the horror genre with films called Bake Jizo and Shinin no Sosei, both were
made in 1898. In 1910, the Edison Studiosproduced the first Frankensteinfilm, which
was thought to be lost for years. The second monster was shown in another horror
film of the hunchback of Notre-Dame as Quasimodo who was from Victor Hugo's
book, Notre-Dame de Paris (1831). Other films with Quasimodo Esmeralda
(1905), The Hunchback (1909) and many others.Film making German
Expressionist influenced the film making in the horror genres and others. The first
vampiremovie was made during this time as this was happeningNosferatu (1922),
which was an unauthorized take of Bram Stoker's Dracula. Dramas in Hollywood
often used horror themes in their shows using versions of The Hunchback of Notre
Dame (1923) and The Monster (1925) both starring Lon Chaney, the first American
horror movie star. Other films of the 1920s include Dr. Jekyll And Mr.
Hyde (1920), The Phantom Carriage (Sweden, 1920), The Lost World (1925) and
The Phantom Of The Opera (1925).
1930-1960
During the early times of the talking pictures, the Movie studio Universal
Pictures started a very successful Gothic horror film series Dracula (1931) this was
quickly followed byFrankenstein (1931) and The Old Dark House (1932) Some of
these films mixed science fiction with Gothic horror, things like The Invisible
Man (1933) featuring a mad scientist. These films, while made to thrill, also involve
more serious elements. Frankenstein was the first in a series, which lasted for many
years. The Mummy (1932) began to show Egyptology as a theme for the horror
genre. The make-up artist Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the
monster, and others in the series. Universal's horror cycle carried into the 1940s
as B-pictures including The Wolf Man (1941), not the first werewolf film, but certainly
the most influential, as well as a number of films bringing together a number of their
monsters.
Other studios also followed Universal's Freaks (1932) for MGM, about a band of
circus freaks wasthen later disowned by the studio after cutting about 30 minutes; it
remained unreleased in the United Kingdom for thirty years. Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde (Paramount, 1931), is known for its use of coloured filters to make Jekyll's

2. transformation before the camera,Mystery of the Wax Museum made by Warner
Brothers in 1933,along withIsland of Lost Souls by Paramount in1932were all
important horror films in there time.
With the genreprogressingactors were starting to create careers in in just the
particular genre films most known was Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi. Karloff showed
in three atmospheric B-pictures for RKO in the middle of the 1940s, including The
Body Snatcher (1945), which also featured Bela Lugosi.
1970s–1990s
When it was the end of the Production Code of America in 1964, the successes of the lowbudget gore films meant that its ensuing years and the critical, popular success
like Rosemary's Baby, led to the release of more films with occult themes during the
1970s. The Exorcist (1973) was one of the first of these movies and was a significant success
and was followed by loads of horror films in which the devil showed the supernatural evil. The
genre also had gory horror movies with sexual overtones, made as "A-movies".
Possessed and evil young children and reincarnation became popular subjects for
horror such asAudrey Rose, Alice, Sweet Alice both in 1977. Another popular devils inspired
horror movie was The Omen in 1976;this meant Satan became the villain in many horror
films.
A cycle of slasher films was made during the 1970s and early
1980s. Halloween (1978),Friday the 13th (1980) and A Nightmare On Elm Street (1984) were
some of the most popular. The boom in the amount of slasher films meant that it provided
th
enough material for plenty of comedic spoofs of the genre Saturday the 14 , Student
Bodies both in 1981 and National Lampoon's Class Reunion (1983).
The Thing in 1982 was a mix of horror and sci fi, but it was not really a box-office or a hit. But,
nearly 20 years after it’swas originally releases it was praised for using ‘’ahead-of-its-time
special effects and paranoia’’.
The 1980s saw a wave of gory "B movie" horror films many became classics and later saw
success with critics. A significant one was Evil Dead movies, which were low-budget gore
fests but had a very original plotline, which was later, praised by critics.
In the first half of the 1990s, the genre continued many of the themes from the 1980s. The
slasher films A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th, Halloween and Child's Play all had
sequels in the 1990s, most of them met with different amounts of success at the box office,
and there was the hugely successful Silence of the Lambs (1991).
There was mini-movement of self-reflexive or metafictional horror films. Each film touched
upon the relationship between fictional horror and real-world horror. This reflective style
became more overt and ironic with the arrival of Scream (1996).
Two main problems pushed horror backward during this period: firstly, the horror genre wore
itself out with the proliferation of nonstop slasher and gore films in the eighties. Secondly, the
adolescent audience, which feasted on the blood and morbidity of the previous decade, grew
up, and the replacement audience for films of an imaginative nature was being captured
instead by the explosion of science fiction and fantasy films, courtesy of the special
effects aka CGI.

3. 2000s
The start of the 2000s saw a quiet period for the genre.Final Destination (2000) marked a
successful revival of teen-centered horror and shad four sequels. The Jeepers
Creepers series was also successful. Films such as Hollow Man, Orphan and Wrong
Turnhelped bring the genre back to restricted ratings in theaters. Comic book adaptations like
the Blade seriesand Hellboy (2004) also became box office successes. Video game
adaptations like Doom (2005) had huge box office success.
The success of foreign language foreign films became a hit all over and Another trend is the
emergence of psychology to scare audiences, rather than gore particularly in the emergence
of Asian horror movies which have been remade into successful Americanized versions, such
as The Ring (2002), The Grudge (2004), and The Eye (2008). In March 2008, China banned
the movies from its market.
There has been a major return to the zombie genre in horror movies made after
2000.The Resident Evil video game franchise was adapted into a film released in March
2002. Six sequels have followed.
The film I Am Legend (2007), Quarantine(2008), Zombieland(2009), and the British film 28
Days Later(2002) featured an update on the genre with The Return of the Living Dead (1985)
style of aggressive zombie.
A larger trend is a return to the extreme, graphic violence that characterized much of the type
of low-budget, exploitation horror from the post-Vietnam years. An extension of this trend was
the emergence of a type of horror with emphasis on depictions of torture, suffering and violent
deaths, The Tortured, Saw, Hostel, and their respective sequels, frequently singled out as
examples of emergence of this sub-genre finally with the arrival of Paranormal Activity in
2009.