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1. Sample Essay on Environmental Degradation and Pollution of
the Sahara Desert
Brief Overview of the Sahara Desert
The Sahara desert is the located in North Africa and is the largest hot desert in the
world. It is spread across a number of countries within the continent and occupies
approximately 10% of Africa. It is 9,100,000 km2
.The desert has arid and hyper
arid conditions. It is also known for extreme temperatures.
There is minimal vegetation cover in the Sahara desert and precipitation in most
of the parts is low and scanty. Rainfall precipitation is between 0-25mm per
annum and it can take a couple of years before the desert experiences rain. The
desert’s surface is also divided into different ranges of surfaces. There are parts of
the desert that are composed of gravel plains while others are made up of stone
plateaus, salt flats and sand dunes.
Temperatures vary in the desert. Days and nights usually have extreme
temperature ranges. A day can be as hot as 37 degrees while nights can get as
cold as below zero degrees. The hot winds also tend to make the days seem
hotter as the blow hot dust over the desert. Areas in the desert that have stone
plateaus also experience colder weather especially during the night. Both the
northern and southern ends of the Sahara have more vegetation because these
experience precipitation more often.
Pollution within the Sahara Desert
Despite the extreme conditions in the Sahara, there are animals and plants that
grow and thrive in this desert. Pollution within the deserts is that of great
concern. The Sahara was not always a hot hyper arid mass of land. In the previous
5000 years, the whole of North Africa, including the Sahara was covered with
water. However, degradation of the environment slowly eroded the water and
created the desert. In the recent past, the following are some of the concerns that
environmentalists have raised over pollution within the Sahara desert:

2.  Diversion of water from aquifers. Despite the extreme lack of water in the
Sahara desert, there exist aquifers below the hard desert rocks. These are
underground rocks that store water deep within the earth. Algeria and
Tunisia have recently begun projects that divert the water from these
aquifers to the countries’ water reservoirs in a bid to meet their citizens’
needs. Environmentalists have warned that these projects will drain the
desert further and cause soil degradation as well as massive erosion.
 Hunting of endemic desert animals. Animals such as desert antelopes and
the sand cat have always thrived in the desert. Yet they remain an
endangered species because of the amount of hunting that goes on in the
desert. Hunters in the Sahara range from the inhabitants of the desert who
live on its edges to visitors who tour the desert for hunting purposes. There
are some animals which have already become extinct because of the
hunting activities.
 Desiccation of the land. The fact that the Sahara desert is not well
protected makes it susceptible to encroachment. There are North African
tribes that live off the desert. These are mainly nomadic tribes and they
continue to deplete the scanty resources of the desert even further.
Resources such as the oases are fast draining because of occupation of the
desert.
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